Este estudo busca trazer elementos para explicar a crise que dissolveu a Unilabor, uma experiência autogestionária operária única a seu tempo, em São Paulo, através da análise da documentação interna da empresa, das informações prestadas por alguns dos participantes, entrevistados, e pelo recurso à hipótese de prevalência de uma racionalidade instrumental, a certa altura dos acontecimentos, em lugar da racionalidade substantiva pressuposta nos fundamentos da comunidade. Os elementos para a formulação e exame dessa hipótese provêm das teorias marxistas do trabalho, conforme reformuladas e atualizadas por autores como Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz e Ricardo Antunes, os quais, mesmo não uniformemente, apontam os elementos atuais de uma crise da categoria \'trabalho\' como elemento central da formação da riqueza. Também os conceitos de comunidade, solidariedade, esperança e amizade, conforme expostos e analisados por Giorgio Agamben e Terry Eagleton, servirão para problematizar as conclusões do trabalho. O aspecto estético, consubstanciado no desenho industrial utilizado nos móveis produzidos pela Unilabor, aparece como fundamento secundário da hipótese de insuficiência substantiva apresentada, pois pretendeu ser fator pedagógico, portanto de aprendizado de ofício, para os operários envolvidos na autogestão. Tal programa estético, tanto quanto a solidariedade, a amizade e a racionalidade substantiva, também mostrou-se insuficiente para a manutenção dos laços comunitários. / This study aims to gather elements to explain the crisis that dissolved Unilabor, a workers\' self-management experience in São Paulo that was unique in its time, through the analysis of the company\'s internal documentation, through information provided by some of the participants who were interviewed, as well as by resorting to the hypothesis of prevalence of an instrumental rationality, at one point, in place of the substantive rationality assumed in the fundamentals of the community. The elements for the formulation and analysis of this hypothesis come from Marxist theories of labor, as reformulated and updated by authors such as Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz, and Ricardo Antunes, who, albeit not uniformly, have pointed out the current elements of a crisis of the category \'work\' as a central element in the creation of wealth. Additionally, the concepts of community, solidarity, hope, and friendship, as defined and analyzed by Giorgio Agamben, and Terry Eagleton will be used to open the conclusions of this paper up to discussion. The aesthetic aspect, embodied in the industrial design of the furniture produced by Unilabor is present as a background for the substantive insufficiency hypothesis that is presented, since it intends to function as a factor that is pedagogical, thus concerning the learning of one\'s craft by workers involved in the self-management. This aesthetic program, as much as the solidarity, friendship, and substantive rationality, also proved to be insufficient for the maintenance of community ties.

Este estudo busca trazer elementos para explicar a crise que dissolveu a Unilabor, uma experiência autogestionária operária única a seu tempo, em São Paulo, através da análise da documentação interna da empresa, das informações prestadas por alguns dos participantes, entrevistados, e pelo recurso à hipótese de prevalência de uma racionalidade instrumental, a certa altura dos acontecimentos, em lugar da racionalidade substantiva pressuposta nos fundamentos da comunidade. Os elementos para a formulação e exame dessa hipótese provêm das teorias marxistas do trabalho, conforme reformuladas e atualizadas por autores como Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz e Ricardo Antunes, os quais, mesmo não uniformemente, apontam os elementos atuais de uma crise da categoria \'trabalho\' como elemento central da formação da riqueza. Também os conceitos de comunidade, solidariedade, esperança e amizade, conforme expostos e analisados por Giorgio Agamben e Terry Eagleton, servirão para problematizar as conclusões do trabalho. O aspecto estético, consubstanciado no desenho industrial utilizado nos móveis produzidos pela Unilabor, aparece como fundamento secundário da hipótese de insuficiência substantiva apresentada, pois pretendeu ser fator pedagógico, portanto de aprendizado de ofício, para os operários envolvidos na autogestão. Tal programa estético, tanto quanto a solidariedade, a amizade e a racionalidade substantiva, também mostrou-se insuficiente para a manutenção dos laços comunitários. / This study aims to gather elements to explain the crisis that dissolved Unilabor, a workers\' self-management experience in São Paulo that was unique in its time, through the analysis of the company\'s internal documentation, through information provided by some of the participants who were interviewed, as well as by resorting to the hypothesis of prevalence of an instrumental rationality, at one point, in place of the substantive rationality assumed in the fundamentals of the community. The elements for the formulation and analysis of this hypothesis come from Marxist theories of labor, as reformulated and updated by authors such as Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz, and Ricardo Antunes, who, albeit not uniformly, have pointed out the current elements of a crisis of the category \'work\' as a central element in the creation of wealth. Additionally, the concepts of community, solidarity, hope, and friendship, as defined and analyzed by Giorgio Agamben, and Terry Eagleton will be used to open the conclusions of this paper up to discussion. The aesthetic aspect, embodied in the industrial design of the furniture produced by Unilabor is present as a background for the substantive insufficiency hypothesis that is presented, since it intends to function as a factor that is pedagogical, thus concerning the learning of one\'s craft by workers involved in the self-management. This aesthetic program, as much as the solidarity, friendship, and substantive rationality, also proved to be insufficient for the maintenance of community ties.

El cambio social acaecido las últimas décadas desafía la filosofía política. André Gorz puede ser definido como un crítico moderno del productivismo como uno de los mitos fundantes de la modernidad. Revisa críticamente la tradición socialista mostrando la necesidad de reconsiderar la utopía y actualizar las ideologías emancipatorias. En cuanto a epistemología y ontología, asume una combinación de teoría social de la acción básicamente marxista, con una visión fenomenólogica-existencialista del sujeto. Su contribución clave es la descentralización y la reconsideración de la idea de trabajo, como mediación central en la interacción social y el metabolismo naturaleza-sociedad. No ha sido permeable al giro lingüístico y la crisis del sujeto en la filosofía contemporánea, pero ha abierto una perspectiva postproductivista en el análisis contemporáneo vinculando el postmarxismo con el ecologismo político en un mismo marco teórico coherente. / The social shift suffered last decades poses new challenges to Political Philosophy. André Gorz can be faced as a modern critic who points out productivism as one of the funding myths of modernity. He critically reviews the socialist tradition showing the need to reconsider the utopia and actualise emancipator ideologies. Related to epistemology and ontology, Gorz assumes a combination of social theory based on the idea of praxis (mainly Marxian) with a phenomenological-existentialist view of the subject. The key contribution in his work is the de-centralisation and re-consideration of the idea of labour, as core mediation in social interaction and nature-society metabolism. He is far to be receptive to the debate open by linguistic turn and the crisis of subject in contemporary philosophy, but he has opened a postproductivist outlook of industrial society that link postmarxism and political ecology into a coherent theoretical framework.

L’expérimentation sociale de Titus Salt (1803-1876) à travers sa communauté industrielle modèle de Saltaire, dans la région du Yorkshire, a été considérée jusqu’à nos jours comme une référence pour répondre aux maux urbains résultant de la rapide industrialisation du début du dix-neuvième siècle. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de contextualiser cette expérience, débutée en 1853, dans le mouvement de réformes sociales entre 1850 et 1880 à Bradford que nous considérons comme la ville à l’origine de Saltaire. Nous centrerons cette étude sur les différents aspects et influences alors à l’oeuvre dans la promotion de l’évolution ouvrière, tels que le bien-être social mais aussi les pressions économiques, politiques et religieuses. A travers cette comparaison nous constaterons l’étendue de la participation réformatrice et innovatrice sociale du village sous la direction de Titus Salt et observerons dans quelle mesure l’expérimentation à Saltaire prit part à l’avancée de la condition des ouvriers du textile lainier. / Titus Salt’s social experiment conducted through his model industrial community of Saltaire, in Yorkshire, has been perceived and presented this far as a solution to the contemporary issues resulting from rapid industrialisation. The aim of the present research is to put into context this experiment, started in 1853, within the wider social reform movement that occurred from 1850 to 1880 in Bradford- which we consider as the “mother town” of Saltaire. This study focuses on the various influences promoting the advancement of the factory workers’ conditions, such as social welfare concerns but also religious, political and economical pressures, in order to see their achievements on the urban life. This comparative study is aiming to demonstrate the extent to which the model village, under Titus Salt’s leadership, took part in the social reformation and in the progress of the worsted trade workers’ circumstances.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of English, 2005. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-282).

L'objet de cette thèse est de comprendre la gouvernabilité de divers modes d'organisation (en particulier le réseau comme un idéal type), dans des institutions organisationnelles par un modèle hypothétique de gouvernance. Par celui-ci, nous avons essayé de comprendre le sens de l'action organisée dans le cadre de la circularité herméneutique et de la critique de l'idéologie et de l'utopie. Ce cadre d’analyse est nécessaire à la mise en scène de la potentialité des acteurs stratégiques (des organisations/des individus) dans l’espace de jeu de l’action organisée. Il permet sous couvert de l'option pragmatique de donner du sens au modèle élaboré qu’à mi-chemin des concepts de souveraineté et de gouvernementalité. Ce sont ces derniers qui participent à le délimiter et en même temps de lui offrir le caractère dynamique et producteur de nouvelles hypothèses. Ainsi mobilisées comme hypothèses, le capital social, la codification, l'abstraction, le consensus et le consentement rendent possible les différentes facettes de potentialités des acteurs stratégiques dans leur échange politique et économique. Elles conduisent alors à la transformation du modèle hypothétique en un système dynamique d'action organisée efficace et efficient. Plus particulièrement, cette recherche trouve un terrain de prédilection dans la gouvernance du mode d’organisation dit partenariat public-privé (PPP), dans la perspective de remplissage de l’abîme des considérations linguistiques et extralinguistiques en convoquant l’opérateur de cohérence du sens théorique et du sens empirique de la gouvernance des organisations (en réseau). / The object of this thesis is to understand the governability of various modes of organization (as network), within institutions by a hypothetical model of governance, and through which we shall try to give the sense of the organized action in the framework of both hermeneutic circularity and the criticism of ideology and of utopia. This framework will stage the potential of stakeholder. So, the pragmatism option gives the sense by including this hypothetic model of governance within governmentality and sovereignty concepts, to bound and offers a dynamic sense which generate the news hypothesis, as well the importance of the social capital, the codification, the abstraction, the consensus, as the consent through which we will reveal the different aspects of their potentiality . These variables will transform the hypothetic model in to efficient dynamic system of the organized action. More particularly, this research finds a ground of demonstration in what agreed to call the (PPP), in order to fill out abyss of linguistic and extralinguistic considerations by the coherence operator of theoretical and empirical sense of the hypothetical model. / الهدف من هذه الأطروحة هو فهم الحكم من مختلف وسائل تنظيم (ولا سيما شبكة بوصفها نموذج مثالي) ، داخل المؤسسات من خلال افتراضية نموذج من الحكم ، والتي من خلالها سنقوم في محاولة لإعطاء معنى العمل المنظم في إطار تفسير دائري ونقد لإيديولوجيا واليوتوبيا ، اللتان على أهمية تنظيم الفعاليات الاستراتيجية . لذا ، فإن الخيار العملي يوفر دينامكية، فى اطارمفاهيم السيادة وممارسة السلطة، في اتجاه ميشيل فوكو والذي يولد فرضية جديدة ، فضلا عن أهمية رأس المال الاجتماعي، والثقوب الهيكلي ، والتدوين ، والتجريد، وتوافق الآراء والموافقة. هذه المتغيرات تحول فرضىة النموذج إلى نظام ديناميكي ىوفر كفاءة عمل المنظمة و الشبكة بوجه أخص، لدا هدا البحث يرى سببا للتظاهر في ما يطلق عليه شراكة القطاعين العام والخاص (ppp)، من أجل ملء هاوية الاعتبارات اللغوية ولا لغوىة من قبل المشغل للاتساق المعنى النظري والتجريبي للنموذج الإ فتراضي لحكم وسائل التنضىم.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-10T18:01:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VLADIMIR COSTA DE ALENCAR - TESE PPGRN 2009..pdf: 9290550 bytes, checksum: cdd4f50a45bc398ddd2ac6cdfd4cdb0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T18:01:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VLADIMIR COSTA DE ALENCAR - TESE PPGRN 2009..pdf: 9290550 bytes, checksum: cdd4f50a45bc398ddd2ac6cdfd4cdb0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11 / À nível mundial, está ocorrendo gradativamente a mudança da matriz alimentar da humanidade. Em função de um maior nível de informação da sociedade, a partir dos meios de comunicação de massa e pesquisas acadêmicas, está aumentando o consumo de carnes brancas, frutas, verduras e legumes. Além disso, há um componente político-ideológico, onde os consumidores passam a preferir alimentos que não sejam produzidos com a exploração de mão-de-obra infantil, sem agressão do meio ambiente e com tecnologias de produção de baixo custo, sem o uso de agroquímicos (agrotóxicos e adubos químicos). A preservação dos recursos naturais não renováveis passa a ser a pauta do dia, e a sustentabilidade emerge com uma grande importância. Diante desse quadro, a agricultura orgânica tem se fortalecido, vindo da necessidade de alimentos limpos (sem resíduos tóxicos) que a sociedade moderna exige e por conseqüência a preservação da natureza. Este trabalho teve como finalidade uma análise comparativa multiobjetivo de um sistema de produção convencional e um sistema de produção orgânico, tendo como base as áreas irrigadas da cidade de Boqueirão, Estado da Paraíba, onde possui um reservatório que abastece várias cidades deste estado. Foi utilizada uma série de 10 anos hidroclimáticos da região. Para execução deste trabalho foi utilizado (e adicionadas funcionalidades) um sistema de apoio à decisão que utiliza programação linear para otimização multiobjetivo de análises de seleção de culturas para áreas irrigadas. Foram demonstrados, através de cenários, que o manejo orgânico tem um ganho maior em relação ao manejo convencional em relação à receita líquida, mão-de-obra, saúde humana e preservação ambiental. / In worldwide level, a change of humanity’s food matrix is gradually occurring. Because of a higher level of information that society’s receiving, through mass media and academic researches, the consumption of white meat, fruits and vegetables is rising. Also, there is a political-ideological component, in which consumers tend to prefer food that is not produced through infantile labour exploitation, that doesn’t harm the environment while it’s being produced and that, when produced, uses technology of production with low cost, without the usage of agrochemicals (pesticides and chemical fertilizers). The preservation of not renewable natural resources is at the top of the agenda, and sustainability emerges with a great importance. Before this frame, organic agriculture has strengthened, because of modern society’s demand for clean food (without toxic residues), and consequently for nature protection. The present work had the objective of developing a multiobjective comparative analysis of a production system that utilizes conventional management (using agrochemicals – fertilization and pesticides) and of a production system that uses organic management, on Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir (Boqueirão), in the State of Paraíba, through a 10 climatic years scenario. In this work a DSS (Decision Support System) was used with the purpose of applying a multiobjective optimization based on linear programming to crop selection analysis in irrigated areas. It has been shown that agricultural organic management provides better net profit, use of human labor and health and environmental protection than conventional management.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado examina o tema Utopias/Distopias e o discurso totalitário em duas obras de caráter e gênero distintos: A República, de Platão (Filosofia), e Admirável Mundo Novo, de Aldous Huxley (Literatura). Tendo como objetivo principal a comparação de elementos narrativos, temáticos e ideológicos encontrados nessas duas obras, utiliza como metodologia a análise embasada em referenciais da Literatura Comparada e da Teoria da Literatura (Narratologia e a Tematologia), da Análise do Discurso Francesa, dos estudos da obra de Platão e de estudos sociológicos. Esta análise segue a sequência de apresentação dos pressupostos teóricos, análise das obras de Platão e de Huxley (em seus aspectos internos e externos), para, finalmente, apresentar um quadro comparativo com os discursos totalitários retirados dessas obras - discursos esses que são analisados em pormenores. Por fim, esta Dissertação culmina com a compreensão de que o tema utopia/distopia, e os discursos acerca dele, não se restringe somente à literatura ficcional, mas pode ser encontrado em estudos filosóficos e políticos, e no nosso dia a dia. / This thesis examines the theme of Utopia/Dystopia and the totalitarian discourse in two works of different nature and genre: Plato's Republic (a work of Philosophy) and Brave New World (a work of Literature) by Aldous Huxley. The thesis' main objective is to compare narrative, thematic and ideological elements. In order to perform this analysis, the author will make use of methodologies taken from Comparative Literature, Literary Theory (Narratology and Thematology), the French school of Discourse Analysis, studies on Plato's works and sociological studies. After presenting and explaining those theoretical references, the author shall perform an analysis of Plato's and Huxley's works, considering their internal and external aspects; afterwards, a final analysis shall be performed, comparing the totalitarian discourses contained within those works. After examining minutely those discourses, the thesis concludes by stating that the theme of Utopia/Dystopia is not restricted to fictional literature; it can be found, also, within the frame of philosophical and political studies, and in our day-to-day lives.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado examina o tema Utopias/Distopias e o discurso totalitário em duas obras de caráter e gênero distintos: A República, de Platão (Filosofia), e Admirável Mundo Novo, de Aldous Huxley (Literatura). Tendo como objetivo principal a comparação de elementos narrativos, temáticos e ideológicos encontrados nessas duas obras, utiliza como metodologia a análise embasada em referenciais da Literatura Comparada e da Teoria da Literatura (Narratologia e a Tematologia), da Análise do Discurso Francesa, dos estudos da obra de Platão e de estudos sociológicos. Esta análise segue a sequência de apresentação dos pressupostos teóricos, análise das obras de Platão e de Huxley (em seus aspectos internos e externos), para, finalmente, apresentar um quadro comparativo com os discursos totalitários retirados dessas obras - discursos esses que são analisados em pormenores. Por fim, esta Dissertação culmina com a compreensão de que o tema utopia/distopia, e os discursos acerca dele, não se restringe somente à literatura ficcional, mas pode ser encontrado em estudos filosóficos e políticos, e no nosso dia a dia. / This thesis examines the theme of Utopia/Dystopia and the totalitarian discourse in two works of different nature and genre: Plato's Republic (a work of Philosophy) and Brave New World (a work of Literature) by Aldous Huxley. The thesis' main objective is to compare narrative, thematic and ideological elements. In order to perform this analysis, the author will make use of methodologies taken from Comparative Literature, Literary Theory (Narratology and Thematology), the French school of Discourse Analysis, studies on Plato's works and sociological studies. After presenting and explaining those theoretical references, the author shall perform an analysis of Plato's and Huxley's works, considering their internal and external aspects; afterwards, a final analysis shall be performed, comparing the totalitarian discourses contained within those works. After examining minutely those discourses, the thesis concludes by stating that the theme of Utopia/Dystopia is not restricted to fictional literature; it can be found, also, within the frame of philosophical and political studies, and in our day-to-day lives.

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado examina o tema Utopias/Distopias e o discurso totalitário em duas obras de caráter e gênero distintos: A República, de Platão (Filosofia), e Admirável Mundo Novo, de Aldous Huxley (Literatura). Tendo como objetivo principal a comparação de elementos narrativos, temáticos e ideológicos encontrados nessas duas obras, utiliza como metodologia a análise embasada em referenciais da Literatura Comparada e da Teoria da Literatura (Narratologia e a Tematologia), da Análise do Discurso Francesa, dos estudos da obra de Platão e de estudos sociológicos. Esta análise segue a sequência de apresentação dos pressupostos teóricos, análise das obras de Platão e de Huxley (em seus aspectos internos e externos), para, finalmente, apresentar um quadro comparativo com os discursos totalitários retirados dessas obras - discursos esses que são analisados em pormenores. Por fim, esta Dissertação culmina com a compreensão de que o tema utopia/distopia, e os discursos acerca dele, não se restringe somente à literatura ficcional, mas pode ser encontrado em estudos filosóficos e políticos, e no nosso dia a dia. / This thesis examines the theme of Utopia/Dystopia and the totalitarian discourse in two works of different nature and genre: Plato's Republic (a work of Philosophy) and Brave New World (a work of Literature) by Aldous Huxley. The thesis' main objective is to compare narrative, thematic and ideological elements. In order to perform this analysis, the author will make use of methodologies taken from Comparative Literature, Literary Theory (Narratology and Thematology), the French school of Discourse Analysis, studies on Plato's works and sociological studies. After presenting and explaining those theoretical references, the author shall perform an analysis of Plato's and Huxley's works, considering their internal and external aspects; afterwards, a final analysis shall be performed, comparing the totalitarian discourses contained within those works. After examining minutely those discourses, the thesis concludes by stating that the theme of Utopia/Dystopia is not restricted to fictional literature; it can be found, also, within the frame of philosophical and political studies, and in our day-to-day lives.