Thesis (Ph.D.(Science of Religion and Missiology))--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Rodrigo Pereira Dias (rodrigodias0575@gmail.com) on 2016-04-25T13:59:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPD(Negocios)_RodrigoPereiraDias_Antitruste-SancaoDeDesinvestimentosEmAtivos_Rev_deposito_v2.pdf: 1977762 bytes, checksum: 7f53fe9f926b0612541fc324d0cc5713 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2016-04-25T14:01:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPD(Negocios)_RodrigoPereiraDias_Antitruste-SancaoDeDesinvestimentosEmAtivos_Rev_deposito_v2.pdf: 1977762 bytes, checksum: 7f53fe9f926b0612541fc324d0cc5713 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:21:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPD(Negocios)_RodrigoPereiraDias_Antitruste-SancaoDeDesinvestimentosEmAtivos_Rev_deposito_v2.pdf: 1977762 bytes, checksum: 7f53fe9f926b0612541fc324d0cc5713 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / This paper is a case study, and the main objective is to evaluate the sanction of asset divestments, that is, the company split penalty, the transfer of corporate control and/or sale of assets, as provided in Article 38, Paragraph V of Law No. 12.529/11 (Antitrust Law). Therefore, we expose the resolution given by the Court of the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (Cade, in Portuguese) in the Administrative Process No. 08012.011142/2006-79, called Cartel of Cement and Concrete. This resolution condemned the cement manufacturers and concrete service providers to divest their own assets resulting from acquisition or organic growth. It is important to mention that this decision has undergone significant change over the trial due to the modification of understanding of Cade counselors. In a second step, the research seeks to provide a broad overview of the types of remedies or sanctions (existing and applicable) to cases where it is determined the divestment measure, as well as discuss the pros and cons of each type of measure from the selection of some international and national cases, chosen from cases widely treated by the doctrine, and also cited in the judgment of the Administrative Proceeding No. 08012.011142 / 2006-79 (Cartel Cement). Then, we address the issue of specific divestment occurred in Administrative Process No. 08012.011142/2006-79, showing that the basis used to determine the divestments lack of concrete parameters for their application. At the end of the study of the divestment, outlines up a proposal for legal remedy. In the end, it is concluded that the imposition of divestments measures as a penalty for participating in cartels is not an easy choice, nor their use is peaceful, and we must take into account some relevant aspects in order to guarantee that these measures will be used legitimately, ensuring their efficacy. / O presente trabalho é um estudo de caso, tendo como objetivo principal avaliar a sanção de desinvestimentos de ativos, isto é, a pena de cisão de sociedade, transferência de controle societário e/ou venda de ativos, conforme disposto no art. 38, inciso V, da Lei no 12.529/2011 (Lei de Defesa da Concorrência). Para tanto, parte-se da exposição da decisão proferida pelo Tribunal do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade) no Processo Administrativo no 08012.011142/2006-79, denominado Cartel de Cimento e Concreto. Tal decisão condenou as empresas fabricantes de cimento e prestadoras de serviços de concretagem a desinvestirem ativos próprios, frutos de aquisição ou de crescimento orgânico. É importante destacar que essa decisão sofreu relevante modificação ao longo do julgamento, decorrente da alteração de entendimento pelos conselheiros do Cade. Em um segundo momento, o trabalho procura propiciar ao leitor uma visão ampla (prós e contras) dos tipos de remédios ou sanções existentes e aplicáveis aos casos em que se determina a medida de desinvestimento, por meio da seleção de alguns casos internacionais e nacionais, escolhidos a partir de casos amplamente tratados pela doutrina, e também citados no julgamento do Processo Administrativo no 08012.011142/2006-79. A seguir, aborda-se a questão do desinvestimento específico ocorrido no Processo Administrativo no 08012.011142/2006-79, buscando-se evidenciar, a partir da análise do aparente choque dos votos do conselheiro-relator e do conselheiro-revisor, que as bases utilizadas para determinação dos desinvestimentos carecem de parâmetros concretos para sua aplicação. Ao final do estudo acerca do desinvestimento, delineia-se uma proposição para solução jurídica. Ao final, conclui-se que a aplicação de medidas de desinvestimentos como penalização por participação em cartel não é escolha fácil, e sua utilização tampouco é pacífica, devendo-se levar em conta alguns aspectos relevantes para que possa ser utilizada de maneira legítima e garantir a sua melhor eficácia.

From the available sources, it is now evident that by the end of the thirteenth century, the Vhavenda has already established themselves in Venda and that the Vhasenzi and Vhalemba subjugated them towards the turn of the seventeenth century and that after the disappearance of Thohoyandou, they spread throughout the country. The arrival of the Voortrekkers under Louis Tregardt coincided with civil strife following the death of a chief. The Boers were cordially received but after ramabulana's death, Makhado who had been assisted by them to gain control of the nation, turned against them and compelled them to evacuate Schoemansdal in 1867. The involvement of the Boers in matters of succession became habitual. The weaker aspirants as a rule fled to the Boers for military assistance, and ultimately they found themselves confronted by the legitimate heir, Mphephu. Mphephu's stubborn resistance and refusal to pay taxation was viewed as calculated defiance of the authority of the Republic. The protection offered to Maemu and Sinthumule created the impression that the Boers were furthering their cause. This period of history which led to minunderstanding and friction between the opposing parties has, in my opinion not been adequately handled by earlier writers who maintained that refusal to pay taxation, to allow a census to be taken and to receive the Local Commision, were the major causes of conflict. I have tried to show that these secondary factors brought to light by earlier writers were only contributory to the main cause - the problem of succession which in itself created an atmosphere of discontent which ultimately led to hostilities. The Boer expedition of 1898 appeared to Vhavenda to be an escalation of the civil war for supremacy between Mphephu and Sinthumule. Against this background, they felt compelled to defy General P.J. Joubert and to take up arms against him. The Boer forces, with their military skill and their Black allies, drove Mphephu from Luatame with little resistance. His fligh to Mirondoni where he hoped to be assisted by the gods and the expected arrival of the British South African Police led to further loss of life. Had he crossed the Vhembe immediately after the burning of Luatame on 16 November 1898, many people would have survived and few would have been taken prisoner. The failure of the British South African Police to arrive compelled Mphephu to cross into Rhodesia on 21 December 1898, where he was given a location at Vhuxwa and he stayed there until the end of the Anglo-Boer War in 1902. The attempts by the Boers to have Sinthumule proclaimed as Chief in the place of Mphephu, failed to materialize, as the people would not acknowledge him. After the war the town of Louis Trichard was established and Venda was opened to White settlement. Mphephu returned and he as well as Kutama and Sinthumule were given locations. Thus, this study deals with he origin, the course and results of the Mphephu War. / History / M.A. (History)

Submitted by Antonius Sieverding (antonius.sieverding@cbs-mail.de) on 2018-09-05T18:40:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 final final Upload Master Thesis FGV EBAPE Antonius Sieverding.pdf: 2490687 bytes, checksum: 075d9209529073496ed1f2c4523a30c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-09-10T12:58:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 final final Upload Master Thesis FGV EBAPE Antonius Sieverding.pdf: 2490687 bytes, checksum: 075d9209529073496ed1f2c4523a30c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T19:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final final Upload Master Thesis FGV EBAPE Antonius Sieverding.pdf: 2490687 bytes, checksum: 075d9209529073496ed1f2c4523a30c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-19 / Objetivo – O objetivo deste trabalho é acessar o tratamento da operação de venda e arrendamento mercantil de acordo com a introdução da nova norma de arrendamento mercantil IFRS 16 e determinar suas consequências para os negócios. Devido a essas mudanças de longo alcance, a contabilização das transações de venda e arrendamento de acordo com a IFRS 16 é analisada criticamente e avaliada em relação à finalidade e aos princípios selecionados da contabilidade do IFRS. Além disso, é feita uma comparação com as disposições da IAS 17. Outrossim, esta pesquisa visa identificar espaço potencial para evitar as consequências da IFRS 16 e vincula essas descobertas à prática. Metodologia – A pesquisa foi dividida em diferentes partes. Em primeiro lugar, a fundamentação teórica é determinada com o uso de materiais do IASB em relação ao novo padrão de locação para investigar possíveis diferenças ocorridas na IFRS 16. Baseado em um exemplo prático, o procedimento contábil para uma transação de venda e arrendamento segundo a IFRS 16, para ambos envolvendo partes, é mostrado. Os resultados são discutidos e vinculados, especialmente no que diz respeito ao propósito e várias possibilidades oferecidas pela IFRS 16. Resultados – A introdução da IFRS 16 traz grandes mudanças para os negócios. Uma transação de venda e arrendamento sob a IFRS 16 leva em contraste com a IAS 17 (assumindo a locação operacional) para uma contabilidade em balanço. Limitações – Não é necessário apresentar uma análise completa e revisão do novo padrão. Aplicabilidade do trabalho – Este trabalho pode servir as empresas, assim como o auditor e contadores, como uma diretriz para o tratamento de transações de venda e arrendamento sob a IFRS 16 e mostra as consequências. Originalidade – Para o conhecimento do autor, este é o primeiro estudo que combina uma comparação entre a IAS 17 e a IFRS 16 com o tratamento de transação de venda e arrendamento e determina sua finalidade e as consequências para as empresas que usam um exemplo prático. / Purpose – The purpose of this work is to access the treatment of sale and lease back transaction in regards of the introduction of the new leasing standard IFRS 16 and determine its consequences for businesses. Due to these far-reaching changes, the accounting for sale and lease back transactions in accordance with IFRS 16 is critically analyzed and evaluated in regards of the purpose and selected principles of IFRS accounting. In addition, a comparison is made with the provisions of IAS 17. Further, this research aims to identify potential room for avoiding the consequences of IFRS 16 and links these findings to the practice. Design/methodology/approach – The research was divided into different parts. First of all, the theoretical foundation is determined with using IASB materials regarding the new lease standard to investigate possible differences occurring to IFRS 16. Based on a practical example, the accounting procedure for a sale and lease back transaction under IFRS 16, for both involving parties, is shown. The findings are discussed and linked, especially in regards of the purpose and various possibilities IFRS 16 offers. Findings – The introduction of IFRS 16 bears far reaching changes for business. A sale and lease back transaction under IFRS 16 leads in contrast to IAS 17 (assuming operating lease) to an on-balance sheet accounting. Research limitations/implications – It is not necessary to present a full analysis and review of the new standard. Practical implications – IFRS 16 will have a significant influence on future balance sheets, analyses and company valuations. This work can serve companies as well as auditor and accountants as a guideline for the treatment of sale and lease back transactions under IFRS 16 and demonstrates the accruing consequences. Originality – To the knowledge of the author, this is the first study that combines a comparison a of IAS 17 and IFRS 16 with the treatment of sale and lease back transaction and determines its purpose as well as consequences for businesses using a practical example.

M.Ed. (Eucational Media) / The training of student-teachers in media selection, integration and utilization in Venda is not done according to expectations. To investigate this problem it was necessary to identify problem areas in the theoretical and practical training of media of teachers in Venda. In order to reach possible solutions to the set problem in confirmation of the purpose of the study, a literature survey on teacher education with special reference to pre-service education and media training was undertaken. An empirical study was also conducted which included four groups of respondents, namely: Rectors of Colleges and the Dean of the Faculty of Education at the University. Heads of Departments at these institutions. Lecturers at these institutions. Final year student-teachers at colleges and the university. The research as stipulated above yielded the following results: * The lecturer of student-teachers in training cannot use the available teaching media at the College/University because he himself has not been trained in the'use of available teaching media in the didactic situation. * The training programme of student-teachers is congested, which limits the time for training in and practising of the use of media in didactic situations. * The student-teacher completes his training without enough knowledge on how to use teaching media in a teaching-learning situation. * The rejection of using teaching media by lecturers and student-teachers Js il result of lack of knowledge on how to use teaching media. * There is no in-service training for lecturers and teachers to update them in teaching media. * Mainly three teaching media can be used by student teachers, lecturers and teachers, that is Chalkboard, Maps and Wall Charts. * Schools where student-teachers do teaching practice have a lack of audiovisual materials and other equipment. * The period of teaching practice is not enough to practise teaching media in the real teaching-learning situation, is, where some of the teaching media are available. * Teachers at schools cannot offer guidance to student media during practice * Student-teachers have a good theoretical knowledge but no practical knowledge of teaching media in the didactic situation.

This study concentrates specificaUy on assessing those elements of private and external costs and benefits which need to be accounted for in analyzing the role of electricity supply in a developing region. To facilitate this aim, three interrelated questions are addressed. The first question examines the reasons why a critical need for electrification in developing areas exists. In this regard, a selective review of the literature on development economics is offered, illuminating the previous neglect of the rural dimension in development and the associated problems of poverty and inequality, a lack of infrastructure and the general inability to fulfill basic needs. The second question is devoted exclusively to an economic analysis of the supply of electricity in developing areas. A broad theoretical review on whether an unregulated or regulated (private or public) sector should be responsible for the provision of electrification is presented. This evaluation highlights the various welfare implications and efficiency considerations that appear to be relevant in the present context. The final question, which constitutes the central proposition of the thesis, establishes how electrification should be supplied in developing areas. To this end, the conditions specific to a region in Venda are discussed. An attempt is made to identify the private and external costs and benefits relating to electricity supply and the corresponding costs and benefits pertaining to alternative sources of energy. Since the incidence and nature of these costs and benefits could only be ascertained from individual households, it was deemed necessary to undertake a questionnaire study of residents in Makwarela township and its periurban settlement of Lufule-Tshisele. A number of basic trends were evident from the research results. As far as the various benefits are concerned, respondents tended to place a much higher value on both the private and external benefits associated with electricity than its alternatives. At the same time, the survey found that although the private (or monetary) cost of electricity far exceeded the corresponding cost of alternative energy sources, the external costs were significant in the case of alternative energy sources, but virtually non-existent in the case of electricity. On the whole, the Venda survey seems to suggest that an economic case can be made for involving the broader community in subsidising the supply of electricity in Makwarela, Lufule-Tshisele and other areas. While such a subsidy can perhaps be justified on distribution grounds alone, and more specifically in terms of the rapid and pronounced effect it is likely to have on the quality of life in the region, its real worth lies in the fact that it may confer certain external benefits on the community.

[pt] O mercado de venda direta tem apresentado forte crescimento no Brasil nos últimos anos, sendo um mercado com grande expressão global, tanto no que se refere à venda direta, quanto ao setor de Beleza e Cuidados Pessoais. Além disso, o forte crescimento da venda direta frente ao varejo de lojas tem despertado a atenção de novos entrantes. Considerando a venda direta como um sistema de comercialização de bens de consumo e serviços fora de um estabelecimento comercial fixo, baseado no contato direto entre vendedores e compradores, o relacionamento pessoal se mostra uma variável decisiva para a efetivação da compra. No entanto, as empresas que adotam este tipo de estratégia de vendas, possuem em sua maioria dificuldade na gestão e baixo controle sobre este relacionamento dos representantes com seus consumidores. Sendo assim, torna-se fundamental o maior conhecimento possível das características e atitudes desses representantes, que atuam de forma independente. Com base neste conceito, o estudo se constitui em uma pesquisa exploratória com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil e atitudes dos representantes de venda de uma empresa que utiliza o sistema de venda direta porta a porta e avaliar sua relação com o desempenho desses representantes. Para realizar a pesquisa foi selecionada uma amostra na cidade do Rio de Janeiro de representantes da empresa líder no segmento de venda direta e no setor de Beleza e Cuidados Pessoais no Brasil, a Natura. O estudo fornece alguns indicadores que podem ser úteis a futuros pesquisadores sobre o tema, particularmente no Brasil. / [en] Door to door sales – often called direct selling – has shown strong growth in recent years in Brazil, one of the largest global markets both in terms of direct selling and Beauty and Personal Care. Moreover, the strong growth in door to door sales compared with physical retail stores has caught the attention of new entrants. Considering direct selling as a commercialization system of consumer goods and services outside a physical shop, based on the direct contact between buyers and sellers, personal relationships appear to be a decisive aspect for the final purchase. However, companies that adopt this type of sales strategy, mostly have difficulty in the management and control of the relationship between representatives and consumers. Therefore, the knowledge of the characteristics and attitudes of these representatives, who act independently, is essential. Based on this concept, the study focuses on a exploratory research aiming to understand the profile of the sales representatives of a company that adopted a door to door sales system and to evaluate the relationship between representatives profile and attitudes and their performance. To conduct the survey a sample of representatives of the leading company in the direct selling market, as well as in the Beauty and Personal Care industry in Brazil, Natura, was selected. The study provides some indicators that may be useful to future researchers on the subject, particularly in Brazil.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Tshivenda)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016. / This study sought to identify problems concerning Pan South African Language Board spelling rules in respect of Tshivenḓa orthography. A qualitative descriptive research method was chosen. The study population consisted of Pan South African Language Board spelling rules. The rules dealt with nine indigenous languages that were Tshivenḓa, isiZulu, Siswati, Sesotho, Setswana, Xitsonga, isiXhosa, isiNdebele and Sesotho sa Leboa. Each of the nine indigenous languages had between 12 and 56 rules. Altogether there were 255 rules which constituted the study population of this project. A small but sufficient sample of about twenty rules in Tshivenḓa orthography was selected. Data were collected by means of unstructured interviews with forty-four purposely selected participants which include linguists as well as document analysis. Ethical considerations were ensured in order to protect participants from any harm or discomfort that might arise from being involved in an investigation. The researcher explained the aim and nature of the study to respondents, to get their informed consent before the interviews. Several strategies to prevent defects, challenges and problems in Tshivenḓa orthography were recommended based on the results. The strategies focused on aspects which deal with spelling and orthography rules. Key concepts: orthography, indigenous languages, rules, writing systems.

PhD (Linguistics)) / Department of Communication and Applied Language Studies

M. E. R. Mathivha Centre for African Languages, Arts and Culture / MAAS