La présente recherche s’interroge sur la présumée dichotomie entre les alternances et les généralisations de surface dans le cadre théorique de la grammaire de constructions. Plus précisément,l’objectif de cette thèse est ternaire. Par l’analyse attentive d’une grande quantité de données, nous faisons une description détaillée de l’alternance causative en anglais (The fabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), nous proposons une méthode qui permet de mesurer la force d’alternance des verbes ainsi que la quantité de sens partagée entre les deux constructions, et, enfin, nous montrons que si l’on veut rendre compte des contraintes au niveau de la construction, l’on doit alors prendre en compte les généralisations de plus bas niveau, telles que les interactions entre le verbe et ses arguments dans le cadre de chaque construction. Afin d’ajouter au débat entre alternance et généralisations de surface, nous proposons une analyse détaillée des deux constructions qui forment l’alternance causative en anglais : la construction intransitive non-causative d’une part et la construction transitive causative de l’autre.Notre but est de mesurer la quantité de sens partagée par les deux constructions mais aussi démontrer en quoi ces deux constructions diffèrent. Dans cette optique, nous prenons en compte trois éléments: construction, verbe et thème (i.e. l’entité sujette à l’évènement dénoté par le verbe). Nous utilisons la sémantique distributionnelle pour la mesure des similarités sémantiques entre les divers thèmes employés avec chaque verbe dans chaque construction dans notre corpus.Ce groupement sémantique met en lumière les différents sens verbaux employés avec chaque construction et nous permet d’établir des généralisations quant aux contraintes qui s’appliquent au thème dans chaque construction. / The present research takes issue with the supposed dichotomy between alternations on the onehand and surface generalisations on the other, within the framework of construction grammar.More specifically the aim of this thesis is threefold. Through the careful analysis of a largedataset, we aim to provide a thorough description of the causative alternation in English (Thefabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), suggest a method that allows for a solid measure ofa verb’s alternation strength and of the amount of shared meaning between two constructions,and finally, show that in order to capture constraints at the level of the construction, one mustpay attention to lower level generalisations such as the interaction between verb and argumentswithin the scope of each construction.In an effort to add to the discussion on alternation vs. surface generalisations, we propose adetailed study of the two constructions that make up the causative alternation: the intransitivenon-transitive causative construction and the transitive causative construction. Our goal is tomeasure the amount of meaning shared by the two constructions and also show the differencesbetween the two. In order to do so we take three elements into account: construction, verband theme (i.e. the entity that undergoes the event denoted by the verb). We use distributionalsemantics to measure the semantic similarity of the various themes found with each verb andeach construction in our corpus. This grouping highlights the different verb senses used witheach construction and allows us to draw generalisations as to the constraints on the theme ineach construction.

Devoir et pouvoir, comme les verbes modaux d’autres langues, ont déjà fait l’objet d’une littérature abondante. Le fait qu’ils puissent recevoir des sens différents selon leur contexte d’emploi a particulièrement suscité l’attention des sémanticiens et des pragmaticiens. Cette thèse revient sur la question de la nature des différentes interprétations de devoir et pouvoir, et tente d’établir si leur plurivocité relève de la polysémie ou de la sous-spécification. L’hypothèse polysémique, la plus répandue dans la littérature française, implique qu’au moins le sens radical et le sens épistémique soient inscrits dans la langue et donc représentés en mémoire. Selon l’hypothèse de la sous-spécification, la multiplicité de sens relève de l’enrichissement contextuel d’un unique sens sous-spécifié stocké dans le lexique mental. L’état actuel des recherches, l’examen des différentes interprétations de devoir et pouvoir et de la sous-détermination potentielle de leur sens en contexte, comme l’étude de leur évolution sémantique en diachronie, ne permettent pas de falsifier l’une ou l’autre hypothèse. Des méthodes expérimentales, développées en psycholinguistique et en pragmatique expérimentale, sont donc convoquées. Notamment, l’examen des temps de traitement en lecture, dans une expérience d’eye tracking manipulant le sens et le contexte, suggère une représentation effectivement polysémique pour devoir, mais une représentation monosémique sous-spécifiée pour pouvoir. Devoir et pouvoir sont souvent traités ensemble, les études considérant que l’un constitue, dans son domaine modal, le pendant de l’autre. Nous relevons que le parallèle effectué n’est pas aussi motivé qu’il n’y paraît. / Devoir and pouvoir, as modal verbs in other languages, have already been the subject of extensive literature. The fact that they can convey different meanings depending on the specific context in which they occur is of particular interest to semanticists andpragmaticians. This thesis focuses on the nature of the various interpretations of devoir and pouvoir and attempts to ascertain whether their meaning multiplicity is a result of their polysemy or of their underspecified semantics. The polysemy hypothesis, which is the prevalent view in the French literature, implies that at least both the root sense and the epistemic sense fully belong to the linguistic system and hence that both are represented in memory. On the contrary, according to the underspecification model, contextual enrichment of a unique underspecified meaning stored in the mental lexicon accounts for meaning multiplicity. The current state of research, the review of the several possible interpretations of devoir and pouvoir, the investigation of potential meaning underdetermination in context, as well as the study of their semantic evolution in diachrony, do not allow us to rule out any of the two hypotheses. Experimental methods, developed in psycholinguistics and in experimental pragmatics, are thus used. Notably, analysis of processing times in reading in an eye tracking experiment in which both meaning and context are manipulated favours a polysemic representation for devoir, but a monosemic and underspecified representation for pouvoir. The two modal verbs are traditionally examined together since it is assumed that one matches the other in its own modal domain. This thesis casts doubt on this assumption.

大多數台灣英語學習者在進入大學前已經習得相當數量的英文字彙，即便如此，他們仍然會誤用常見的搭配詞 (例如: [do/make+noun])。本論文藉用兩種語料庫 (分別為台灣英語學習者語料庫及英國國家語料庫)來分析、觀察[do+noun]和[make+noun]的異同以及英語母語人士及台灣英語學習者使用[do/make+noun]狀況。結果顯示台灣英語學習者和英語母語人士最大的不同在[make+noun]：就語意層面而言，最常被英語母語人士使用的[make+noun]為 ‘to perform, to carry out’ (例如: make a speech, make a fine judge, etc.) 而台灣英語學習者偏好 ‘to create’ (例如: make a sushi, make a robot, etc.)；就名詞特性而言，母語人士偏向使用抽象的名詞 (例如: comment, progress, etc.) 而學習者習慣使用具體的名詞 (例如: robot, sushi, etc.)。除了語料庫語料分析，本論文還透過心理語言學實驗測驗 (即圖片引述實驗－受試者描述他們不熟悉的動作) 觀察母語人士和學習者使用常見的搭配詞－[do/make+noun]－的差異。台灣英語學習者使用為數不少廣義的[do+noun] (例如：do exercise 或 do sports) 而英語母語人士傾向使用帶有具體意義的動詞 (例如:sit-up) 或搭配詞 (例如: do sit-up)。幾乎沒有母語人士使用[make+noun]而大多數學習者使用的是[make+noun]－當make做為causative的用法。根據此實驗分析，本論文提出一個模型來探討英語母語人士和英語學習者對[do/make+noun]的使用異同。 / Learners of English in Taiwan are estimated to reach a certain command of vocabulary size before they enter colleges. However, they still differ from native speakers in producing the commonly-used patterns, such as [do/make+noun]. In order to observe the similarities and differences of [do+noun] and [make+noun], as well as their uses by EFL learners, this paper inspects their senses using two types of corpus data, namely a Taiwan-based learner corpus and the British National Corpus. The results show that learners differ from native speakers mainly in their use of [make+noun]. For example, the most frequent sense used by native speakers is ‘to perform, to carry out,’ as in make a speech, make a fine judge, etc., whereas that used by Taiwanese learners is ‘to create’ as in make a sushi, make a robot, etc. With respect to the characteristic of the noun following make, native speakers tend to choose abstract nouns, such as comment, progress, etc., whereas learners prefer concrete nouns, such as robot, sushi, etc. A psycholinguistic experiment is also included in order to see whether learners use language with general meanings, such as [do/make+noun], more in describing situations unfamiliar to them. Results show that [do+noun] patterns with a more general meaning (e.g., do exercise or do sports) are more often used by the learners in our experiment while native speakers prefer language with a more precise meaning (e.g., sit-up or do sit-up). Few [make+noun] constructions are found in native speakers’ language whereas learners produce numerous [make+noun] constructions, mostly the causative uses of make.

<p>Skrivning är en biomekaniskt invecklad process som kräver en viss nivå av såväl motorisksom kognitiv förmåga. Forskning om Alzheimers sjukdom tyder på att nedsättningar i flerakognitiva domäner förekommer innan den kliniska diagnosen ställs. Det finns även forskningsom tyder på att ett innehållsrikt skriftspråk i unga år minskar risken för demensutveckling påäldre dagar. För att studera om mått från texter kunde predicera demens på ett tidigt stadiumanalyserades 141 skriftliga bildbeskrivningar insamlade inom ramen för rutinmässigaminnesutredningar vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge. Deltagarna delades in itre grupper utifrån diagnos (minnesutredning, lindrig kognitiv svikt och demens).Utgångspunkt för studien var de fyra textmåtten: idétäthet, verbtäthet, läsbarhetsindex (LIX)och T-enheter. Då texterna i de flesta fall var skrivna av personer med kognitiv nedsättninghar måtten varit tvungna att modifieras och särskilda instruktioner för bedömning av texternahar utformats. Resultaten tyder på att skriftliga bildbeskrivningar utförda av individer meddemens innehåller färre totalt antal ord än de skrivna av individer diagnostiserade medlindrig kognitiv svikt eller mindre svårigheter än så. De innehåller även färre propositioner,verb, långa ord, T-enheter, ord per T-enhet, har en kortare meningslängd samt har i snitt ettlägre LIX-värde. En logistisk regressionsanalys visade att demens (kontra minnesutredningarmed subjektiva besvär) predicerades signifikant (p < 0.01) av antalet verb samt av LIXvärdet.Totalt 85 % av fallen klassificerades korrekt.</p> / <p>Writing is a biomechanically complex process which demands a certain level of motor aswell as cognitive ability. Research concerning Alzheimer’s disease shows that impairmentsin multiple cognitive domains are notable before a clinical diagnosis can be made. There isalso research which indicates that written language ability in early life predicts the risk ofdementia in old age. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether measures derivedfrom narrative writing could predict dementia cross-sectionally. The material was 141 writtenpicture descriptions collected during routine investigations of cognitive disorders at theMemory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm. The participants were classifiedinto three groups based on their diagnosis (subjective memory complaints, mild cognitiveimpairment and dementia). This study was based essentially on the four text measures: ideadensity, verb density, index of readability (LIX) and T-unit. As most of the texts were writtenby participants with some degree of cognitive decline the measures had to be modified tosome extent and detailed scoring protocols were worked out. The results indicate that writtenpicture descriptions made by individuals with dementia contained fewer words than thosewritten by individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitivecomplaints. They also contained fewer propositions, verbs, long words, T-units, words per Tunit,had a shorter mean sentence length and had a lower average LIX-value. A logisticregression analysis showed that cases of dementia, as opposed to subjective cognitivecomplaints, were significally predicted (p < 0.01) by the number of verbs and also by theLIX-value. Overall, 85 % of the cases were correctly classified.</p>

This study explores the use of war metaphors, more specifically metaphors centred on the verb, in modern French newspaper prose from three principal angles.  The first part of the analysis shows that the verbs of war used are metaphorical rather than concrete. However, the vast majority of the metaphors stem from only five verbs, namely attaquer, affronter, combattre, défendre and lutter.  The second part of the analysis focuses on these five verbs and their metaphorical uses. It is shown that it is the semantic role of patient that separates a metaphorical use from a concrete use. A classification of the patients according to semantic fields reveals that each of the five verbs shows a distinct preference for a certain type of patient and the verbs also differ in whether their patients have negative or positive connotations. This creates an image of five verbs, each of which is conventionalised in a certain linguistic context.  The final chapter of the analysis investigates war metaphors from a textual perspective, analysing their usage according to three parameters: position, function and target domains. The position that is the most susceptible to war metaphors is the initial position. The textual functions of metaphors are divided into one semantic and three pragmatic functions. The semantic function structures the theme of an article in terms of war, construing an antagonism by means of elaborating or extending a conventional metaphor. The pragmatic functions considered are argumentative, descriptive and expressive. In the articles studied, war metaphors have mostly a descriptive or argumentative function. Finally, the target domains and their interconnections with the source domain WAR are considered, showing that the war metaphors are linked to power or the lack thereof. The metaphor often describes the person in power, but the case can be reversed with the metaphor describing the powerless resisting or fighting the person in power.

Skrivning är en biomekaniskt invecklad process som kräver en viss nivå av såväl motorisksom kognitiv förmåga. Forskning om Alzheimers sjukdom tyder på att nedsättningar i flerakognitiva domäner förekommer innan den kliniska diagnosen ställs. Det finns även forskningsom tyder på att ett innehållsrikt skriftspråk i unga år minskar risken för demensutveckling påäldre dagar. För att studera om mått från texter kunde predicera demens på ett tidigt stadiumanalyserades 141 skriftliga bildbeskrivningar insamlade inom ramen för rutinmässigaminnesutredningar vid Karolinska universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge. Deltagarna delades in itre grupper utifrån diagnos (minnesutredning, lindrig kognitiv svikt och demens).Utgångspunkt för studien var de fyra textmåtten: idétäthet, verbtäthet, läsbarhetsindex (LIX)och T-enheter. Då texterna i de flesta fall var skrivna av personer med kognitiv nedsättninghar måtten varit tvungna att modifieras och särskilda instruktioner för bedömning av texternahar utformats. Resultaten tyder på att skriftliga bildbeskrivningar utförda av individer meddemens innehåller färre totalt antal ord än de skrivna av individer diagnostiserade medlindrig kognitiv svikt eller mindre svårigheter än så. De innehåller även färre propositioner,verb, långa ord, T-enheter, ord per T-enhet, har en kortare meningslängd samt har i snitt ettlägre LIX-värde. En logistisk regressionsanalys visade att demens (kontra minnesutredningarmed subjektiva besvär) predicerades signifikant (p &lt; 0.01) av antalet verb samt av LIXvärdet.Totalt 85 % av fallen klassificerades korrekt. / Writing is a biomechanically complex process which demands a certain level of motor aswell as cognitive ability. Research concerning Alzheimer’s disease shows that impairmentsin multiple cognitive domains are notable before a clinical diagnosis can be made. There isalso research which indicates that written language ability in early life predicts the risk ofdementia in old age. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether measures derivedfrom narrative writing could predict dementia cross-sectionally. The material was 141 writtenpicture descriptions collected during routine investigations of cognitive disorders at theMemory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm. The participants were classifiedinto three groups based on their diagnosis (subjective memory complaints, mild cognitiveimpairment and dementia). This study was based essentially on the four text measures: ideadensity, verb density, index of readability (LIX) and T-unit. As most of the texts were writtenby participants with some degree of cognitive decline the measures had to be modified tosome extent and detailed scoring protocols were worked out. The results indicate that writtenpicture descriptions made by individuals with dementia contained fewer words than thosewritten by individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitivecomplaints. They also contained fewer propositions, verbs, long words, T-units, words per Tunit,had a shorter mean sentence length and had a lower average LIX-value. A logisticregression analysis showed that cases of dementia, as opposed to subjective cognitivecomplaints, were significally predicted (p &lt; 0.01) by the number of verbs and also by theLIX-value. Overall, 85 % of the cases were correctly classified.

Darbe sinchroniškai tiriama kalbėjimo veiksmažodžių semantinė ir formalioji struktūra, skiriamas dėmesys lietuvių grožinių kūrinių dialoginei kalbai ir ją įforminančioms kalbėjimo leksemoms. Kadangi šiame darbe lietuvių kalbos kalbėjimo veiksmažodžiai nagrinėjami semantiniu aspektu, todėl iš pradžių aptariamos pagrindinės leksinės semantikos sąvokos, apibūdinama kalbėjimo veiksmažodžių semantinė grupė (KSG). Lingvistinėje literatūroje žodžio reikšmės ir jos raiškos formos vienovė vadinama semema. Į kalbėjimo veiksmažodžių semantinę grupę buvo atrinktos leksemos su sememomis „bendrauti žodžiais“, „perduoti informaciją, mintis, jausmus ir pan.,“ kurios įvardija kalbėjimo procesą. Sememos jungtos į KSG pagal jų komponentinės struktūros panašumą. Savo ruožtu sememos struktūra sudaryta iš minimalių semantikos vienetų – semų, kurios smulkiau nebeskaidomos. Kalbėjimo veiksmažodžių reikšmių analizė pagrįsta jų skaidymu į mažesnius reikšminius elementus, todėl tyrimui taikoma komponentinė analizė. Kalbėjimo veiksmažodžių formaliosios struktūros analizė, t. y. derivacinių santykių tinklas, pirminių kalbėjimo veiksmažodžių šaknų fonologinė sudėtis, charakterizuoja tam tikros sistemos struktūros požymius. Šiame darbe nagrinėjama pirminių kalbėjimo veiksmažodžių šaknies struktūra, vokalizmo ir konsonantizmo padėties ypatumai, nustatomi būdingiausi šios semantinės grupės šaknų struktūriniai modeliai. Bazinių ir priklausomųjų morfemų skyrimas leidžia jungti žodžius į sistemines grupes... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of the semantic and formal structure of the speaking verbs as well as dialogical speech of some pieces of Lithuanian fiction and, also, lexemes formed in it. As Lithuanian speaking verbs are analysed there in the semantic aspect, so in the beginning of the work the subject of the investigation is the meaning of the main semantic groups. Besides, the semantic group of the speaking verbs (KSG) is researched. In the linguistic literature the meanings of the word and the unity of its expressiveness is called the semema. The lexemes with the sememas “to communicate orally”, “to transmit information, thoughts, emotions and etc.” were chosen to the semantic group of the speaking verbs. They describe the process of speaking. The sememas are included in KSG according to the principle of the similarity of their complex structure. The structure of the semema itself is built of the smallest semantic units called semes. However, there are good reasons to say that the analysis of the meanings of the speaking verbs proves that they are divided into the smaller elements. That is why the work presents the complex analysis of these verbs. The analysis of the formal structure of the speaking verbs, i.e. the net of the derivation relationship, the structure of the basic phonemic speaking verbs’ branches, is characterized by the certain signs of the structure. The work investigates the structure of the basic speaking verbs’ roots, as well as the peculiarities of consonant and vowel... [to full text]

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Multilingual terminological resources do not always include valid equivalents of legal terms for two main reasons. Firstly, legal systems can differ from one language community to another and even from one country to another because each has its own history and traditions. As a result, the non-isomorphism between legal and linguistic systems may render the identification of equivalents a particularly challenging task. Secondly, by focusing primarily on the definition of equivalence, a notion widely discussed in translation but not in terminology, the literature does not offer solid and systematic methodologies for assigning terminological equivalents. As a result, there is a lack of criteria to guide both terminologists and translators in the search and validation of equivalent terms. This problem is even more evident in the case of predicative units, such as verbs. Although some terminologists (L‘Homme 1998; Lerat 2002; Lorente 2007) have worked on specialized verbs, terminological equivalence between units that belong to this part of speech would benefit from a thorough study. By proposing a novel methodology to assign the equivalents of specialized verbs, this research aims at defining validation criteria for this kind of predicative units, so as to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of terminological equivalence as well as to the development of multilingual terminography in general, and to the development of legal terminography, in particular. The study uses a Portuguese-English comparable corpus that consists of a single genre of texts, i.e. Supreme Court judgments, from which 100 Portuguese and 100 English specialized verbs were selected. The description of the verbs is based on the theory of Frame Semantics (Fillmore 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985; Fillmore and Atkins 1992), on the FrameNet methodology (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010), as well as on the methodology for compiling specialized lexical resources, such as DiCoInfo (L‘Homme 2008), developed in the Observatoire de linguistique Sens-Texte at the Université de Montréal. The research reviews contributions that have adopted the same theoretical and methodological framework to the compilation of lexical resources and proposes adaptations to the specific objectives of the project. In contrast to the top-down approach adopted by FrameNet lexicographers, the approach described here is bottom-up, i.e. verbs are first analyzed and then grouped into frames for each language separately. Specialized verbs are said to evoke a semantic frame, a sort of conceptual scenario in which a number of mandatory elements (core Frame Elements) play specific roles (e.g. ARGUER, JUDGE, LAW), but specialized verbs are often accompanied by other optional information (non-core Frame Elements), such as the criteria and reasons used by the judge to reach a decision (statutes, codes, previous decisions). The information concerning the semantic frame that each verb evokes was encoded in an xml editor and about twenty contexts illustrating the specific way each specialized verb evokes a given frame were semantically and syntactically annotated. The labels attributed to each semantic frame (e.g. [Compliance], [Verdict]) were used to group together certain synonyms, antonyms as well as equivalent terms. The research identified 165 pairs of candidate equivalents among the 200 Portuguese and English terms that were grouped together into 76 frames. 71% of the pairs of equivalents were considered full equivalents because not only do the verbs evoke the same conceptual scenario but their actantial structures, the linguistic realizations of the actants and their syntactic patterns were similar. 29% of the pairs of equivalents did not entirely meet these criteria and were considered partial equivalents. Reasons for partial equivalence are provided along with illustrative examples. Finally, the study describes the semasiological and onomasiological entry points that JuriDiCo, the bilingual lexical resource compiled during the project, offers to future users. / Les ressources multilingues portant sur le domaine juridique n‘incluent pas toujours d‘équivalents valides pour deux raisons. D‘abord, les systèmes juridiques peuvent différer d‘une communauté linguistique à l‘autre et même d‘un pays à l‘autre, car chacun a son histoire et ses traditions. Par conséquent, le phénomène de la non-isomorphie entre les systèmes juridiques et linguistiques rend difficile la tâche d‘identification des équivalents. En deuxième lieu, en se concentrant surtout sur la définition de la notion d‘équivalence, notion largement débattue en traductologie, mais non suffisamment en terminologie, la littérature ne propose pas de méthodologies solides et systématiques pour identifier les équivalents. On assiste donc à une absence de critères pouvant guider tant les terminologues que les traducteurs dans la recherche et la validation des équivalents des termes. Ce problème est encore plus évident dans le cas d‘unités prédicatives comme les verbes. Bien que certains terminologues (L'Homme, 1998; Lorente et Bevilacqua 2000; Costa et Silva 2004) aient déjà travaillé sur les verbes spécialisés, l‘équivalence terminologique, en ce qui concerne ce type d‘unités, bénéficierait d‘une étude approfondie. En proposant une méthodologie originale pour identifier les équivalents des verbes spécialisés, cette recherche consiste donc à définir des critères de validation de ce type d‘unités prédicatives afin de mieux comprendre le phénomène de l‘équivalence et aussi améliorer les ressources terminologiques multilingues, en général, et les ressources terminologiques multilingues couvrant le domaine juridique, en particulier. Cette étude utilise un corpus comparable portugais-anglais contenant un seul genre de textes, à savoir les décisions des cours suprêmes, à partir duquel 100 verbes spécialisés ont été sélectionnés pour chaque langue. La description des verbes se base sur la théorie de la sémantique des cadres (Fillmore 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985; Fillmore and Atkins 1992), sur la méthodologie de FrameNet (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010), ainsi que sur la méthodologie développée à l‘Observatoire de linguistique Sens-Texte pour compiler des ressources lexicales spécialisées, telles que le DiCoInfo (L‘Homme 2008). La recherche examine d‘autres contributions ayant déjà utilisé ce cadre théorique et méthodologique et propose des adaptations objectives du projet. Au lieu de suivre une démarche descendante comme le font les lexicographes de FrameNet, la démarche que nous décrivons est ascendante, c‘est-à-dire, pour chaque langue séparément, les verbes sont d‘abord analysés puis regroupés par cadres sémantiques. Dans cette recherche, chacun des verbes « évoque » un cadre ou frame, une sorte de scénario conceptuel, dans lequel un certain nombre d‘acteurs obligatoires (core Frame Elements) jouent des rôles spécifiques (le rôle de juge, le rôle d‘appelant, le rôle de la loi). Mis en discours, les termes sont souvent accompagnés d‘autres renseignements optionnels (non-core Frame Elements) comme ceux des critères utilisés par le juge pour rendre une décision (des lois, des codes, d‘autres décisions antérieures). Tous les renseignements concernant les cadres sémantiques que chacun des verbes évoque ont été encodés dans un éditeur xml et une vingtaine de contextes illustrant la façon spécifique dont chacun des verbes évoque un cadre donné ont été annotés. Les étiquettes attribuées à chaque cadre sémantique (ex. [Compliance], [Verdict]) ont servi à relier certains termes synonymes, certains termes antonymes ainsi que des candidats équivalents. Parmi les 200 termes portugais et anglais regroupés en 76 cadres, 165 paires de candidats équivalents ont été identifiés. 71% des paires d‘équivalents sont des équivalents parfaits parce que les verbes évoquent le même scénario conceptuel, leurs structures actancielles sont identiques, les réalisations linguistiques de chacun des actants sont équivalentes, et les patrons syntaxiques des verbes sont similaires. 29% des paires d‘équivalents correspondent à des équivalents partiels parce qu‘ils ne remplissent pas tous ces critères. Au moyen d‘exemples, l‘étude illustre tous les cas de figure observés et termine en présentant les différentes façons dont les futurs utilisateurs peuvent consulter le JuriDiCo, la ressource lexicale qui a été compilée pendant ce projet.

The present paper focuses on the comparative analysis of the pronouns, pro-verbs, place and time adverbials in newspaper reportage and newspaper editorial. The aim of the paper is to examine and compare the frequency of the use of the pro-verbs, place and time adverbials in the texts of newspaper reportage and newspaper editorial. The method chosen for achieving the set aim is that of quantitative analysis combined with comparative studies. The results show that the general frequency of the occurrences as well as the relative frequency of the occurrences of the analysed linguistic means does not vary significantly; however, there are certain differences in the use of the particular linguistic means within the genres of newspaper reportage and editorial. Thus, the patterns of the use of certain linguistic means were influenced by genre.