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The several versions and revisions of the Bible in existence precipitate questions concerning the reliability of many Biblical texts. Each of these versions has an amount of variation from the others, yet all were done my men of accepted scholarship.Joseph Smith also made a Bible revision, or as he termed it, a "translation," using a King James Version printed in 1828 as the basis. This amended King James Version, although not fully completed, has been published under the title of the Inspired Version of the Holy Scriptures, by the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.This thesis is the result of a study to determine the extent and the significance of many of the textual differences that exist between the four gospels of the King James Version and the corresponding books of the Inspired Version. Comparison was made between a King James Version printed in 1824 (since it was the nearest that the writer could obtain to that used by Joseph Smith) and an Inspired Version printed in 1927.

This thesis analyzes additions to the gospels in the Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible. To assess the appropriateness of the JST additions, the thesis examines Joseph Smith's additions to verify whether they parallel the approaches of the original gospel writers to their audiences. There is strong indication that material added to the King James Version by the Joseph Smith Translation is consistent with the approaches of the original gospels to their audiences. Chapter one shows that the JST Matthew, like the KJV Matthew, is concerned with showing that Jesus fulfills Old Testament prophecy. Chapter two finds that JST Mark is as generic in its approach and even more fast-paced than the KJV Mark. In chapter three, Joseph Smith's translation of Luke extends Luke's stress on parables and women's issues. Chapter four demonstrates that JST John emphasizes John's central concern, the primacy of Jesus, even more emphatically than the KJV John.

This research aimed to determine whether the rejection by Russian Orthodox Church leaders of recent translations of the Bible into Russian could be ascribed to a conflict of Russian and Western translation norms. Using Lefevere's (1992) notion of systems, the study compared the norms of Russian Bible translations, Western Bible translation and Russian literary translation, as well as those of a segment of the target audience, to determine the extent of their compatibility with each other and with the translations in question. The results showed that the recent translations did reflect the norms of Western Bible translation, but that these were not atypical of norms for previous Russian and Slavonic translations, nor for the norms of Russian literary translation. However, the results also showed that in practice target audience norms mirrored those of the Russian Orthodox Church, resulting in a similar rejection of the newer translations. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics)

This research aimed to determine whether the rejection by Russian Orthodox Church leaders of recent translations of the Bible into Russian could be ascribed to a conflict of Russian and Western translation norms. Using Lefevere's (1992) notion of systems, the study compared the norms of Russian Bible translations, Western Bible translation and Russian literary translation, as well as those of a segment of the target audience, to determine the extent of their compatibility with each other and with the translations in question. The results showed that the recent translations did reflect the norms of Western Bible translation, but that these were not atypical of norms for previous Russian and Slavonic translations, nor for the norms of Russian literary translation. However, the results also showed that in practice target audience norms mirrored those of the Russian Orthodox Church, resulting in a similar rejection of the newer translations. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics)

Cette thèse a cherché à présenter une description des versions de Midrash Séder Eliyahou tout en se polarisant sur la recherche de la version authentique, aussi précise que possible. Cette étude interdisciplinaire tente d'allier les aspects paléographiques des manuscrits, la langue hébraïque ainsi que la littérature comparée. Le corpus de ce Midrash contient six éléments manuscrits. Seul le Codex, BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 est complet et en excellent état. Les trois éditions imprimées complètes, sont celles de : Venise (1598), première édition, copie d'un incunable, Prague (1677) et de Vienne (1901), l'édition critique de Friedman, basée sur BAV, Vat. ebr.31. Nous avons choisi ce dernier comme référent. Nous proposons l'hypothèse suivante : La fidélité est pas uniforme, il y a deux dimensions de fidélité, pouvant sembler contradictoires : paléographique et / ou exégétique. L'étude de sources de la Genizah génère deux cas de figure possibles : Il y aurait soit une seule famille du Midrash Séder Eliyahou, plus ou moins fidèles à la version de BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Soit il existerait une autre version de SER, inconnue et divergente de celle de Vatican 31, générant une ou plusieurs autres familles de manuscrits. Si la seconde hypothèse se vérifie, il pourrait s'agir d'un Midrash en formation. La version occidentale est entièrement développée et fixée tandis que la version orientale aurait été transmise oralement sans avoir atteint sa forme définitive. / This thesis has sought to present a description of the versions of Midrash Seder Eliyyahu while polarizing on the search for the authentic version, as accurate as possible. This interdisciplinary study tries to use the palaeographic aspects of the manuscripts, the Hebrew language as well as comparative literature. The corpus of this Midrash contains six manuscripts elements. Only the Codex BAV, Vat. ebr. 31 is complete and in excellent condition. The three printed editions complete, are those of: Venice (1598), first edition, copy of incunabula, Prague (1677) and Vienna (1901), the critical edition of Friedman, based on BAV, Vat. ebr.31. This manuscript version was chosen as a referent. We propose the following hypothesis: The fidelity is not uniform, there are two loyalty dimensions, may seem contradictory : paleographic or/and exegetical. The study of the sources from the Genizah generated two possible cases : There would be only one family of the Midrash Seder Eliyyahu, referring to the version of BAV, Vat. ebr. 31. Either exist another version of SER, unknown and divergent from the Vatican 31, which will form one or more other family of manuscripts. If this second assumption proves true, Seder Eliyyahu could be a processing Midrash. The Western version is fully developed and secured while the eastern version be transmitted orally and not having reached its final form.

Tato disertační práce zavádí jednostranné gramatiky s nahodilým kontextem jako řízené gramatiky založené na bezkontextových gramatikách. V těchto gramatikách je ke každému pravidlu přiřazena množina povolujících symbolů a množina zakazujících symbolů a množina pravidel je rozdělena na množinu levých pravidel s nahodilým kontextem a množinu pravých pravidel s nahodilým kontextem . Levým pravidlem s nahodilým kontextem lze přepsat neterminál pokud se všechny povolující symboly vyskytují vlevo od přepisovaného neterminálu a žádný zakazující symbol tam přítomen není. Pravé pravidlo s nahodilým kontextem lze aplikovat analogicky, ale ona kontrola na přítomnost a nepřítomnost symbolů je provedena doprava od přepisovaného neterminálu. Práce je rozdělena na tři části. První část uvádí motivaci za zavedením jednostranných gramatik s nahodilým kontextem a umisťuje materiál pokrytý v této práci do vědeckého kontextu. Poté dává přehled základů teorie formálních jazyků a některých méně známých oblastí, jejichž znalost je nutná pro pochopení studovaného tématu. Druhá část tvoří jádro práce. Formálně definuje jednostranné gramatiky s nahodilým kontextem a studuje je z mnoha pohledů. Mezi studovaná témata patří generativní síla, vztah k jiným typům gramatik, redukce, normální formy, nejlevější derivace, zobecněné a LL verze těchto gramatiky. Třetí část této práce zakončuje diskusi několika poznámkami. Mezi ně patří poznámky týkající se aplikovatelnosti zavedených gramatik v praxi, bibliografie a otevřených problémů.

This thesis explores textual and visual images of the EU in South Korea's three prestigious popular newspapers - Chosun Ilbo, Dong A Ilbo and Joong Ang Ilbo - and compares them to the imagery created by the internet versions of these newspapers. In recent years, much scholarly work has been done on the topics of EU imagery in print media, but no systemic attempt has yet been made to EU imagery in internet media. The thesis analyses EU news monitored daily in 12 months of 2008 (a year of the first G20 Summit in Washington and the 6th and 7th rounds of EU-Korea FTA negotiations). This study is interdisciplinary. The thesis draws on several significant theories and concepts from the media studies and linguistics. On top of this, a wide range of approaches of content and visual analysis were reviewed. The study then considers and adopts a multimethodological approach of content analysis (studies by Chaban and Holland) and of visual analysis (by Bain) based on visual semiotics. However, to cope with internet media it also adds several categories which add the notion of interactivity to the original content analysis. It incorporates categories originating from a social semiotic approach (elements of interactive and compositional meta-functions) into the original visual analysis. The results of this study are presented in three case studies. In the first section of each case study the thesis provides a comprehensive overview featuring the latest information and various perspectives (political, economic, social, environmental and developmental). The second section presents formal characteristics of EU images in print newspapers and their internet versions. The third section covers substantive characteristics in both versions. The last section suggests the results of visual analysis. The results of this thesis contribute to two areas of studies: EU external perception studies and internet communication studies: as well as enhancing a deeper understanding of EU-Korea relations.

Editing Middle High German texts today is led much more by the ventilation of practical necessities than by theoretical consideration. Especially lacking discussions of a basic concept of ›text‹ raises the risk of developing blind spots. The article will try to identify these blind spots as places where the traditional strategy of editing texts on the basis of the faulty-replication model persists. This will be illustrated by new editions of the ›Wunderer‹ and the ›Rosengarten‹. Furthermore, the article evolves a semiotic model of the philological praxis of editing Middle High German heroic epics. / Die Redaktion mittelhochdeutscher Texte wird heute viel mehr von der Lüftung praktischer Notwendigkeiten als von theoretischen Überlegungen geleitet. Gerade die fehlende Diskussion über einen grundlegenden Begriff von 'Text' birgt die Gefahr, dass sich blinde Flecken entwickeln. Der Artikel versucht, diese blinden Flecken als Orte zu identifizieren, an denen die traditionelle Strategie der Textredaktion auf der Grundlage des Fehlerreproduktionsmodells fortbesteht. Dies wird durch Neuauflagen des 'Wunderers' und des 'Rosengartens' illustriert. Darüber hinaus entwickelt der Artikel ein semiotisches Modell der philologischen Praxis der Edition mittelhochdeutscher Heldenepen.

This study identifies a theological trajectory of first generation “believers” – those who allow the biblical text to speak authoritatively into their lives – within the Sindhi community of Pakistan. A passage from a contemporary translation of the New Testament in the Sindhi language – Luke 15:11-32, Jesus’ Parable of the Two Lost Sons – was presented in interview settings to discover how Sindhis express their faith as they consider the message of the parable. Culture texts generated by believers are compared to those generated by “traditional” Muslim Sindhis who do not accept the Bible as authoritative. Twenty–eight people identified as Sindhi believers were interviewed as well as twenty traditional Sindhi Muslims. Similarities and contrasts between the two groups are used to discover how the theological praxis of the believers is being impacted and how they are adjusting their view of God as they engage scripture. The description of theological trajectories that diverge from accepted traditional convictions is referred to as “mapping.” Six themes were identified from the interviews that are important for both groups while demonstrating distinct contrasts and similarities. The themes are (1) God is compassionate/kind/merciful/loving beyond our imagination, (2) God forgives his servants who repent, (3) Concepts of rewards, punishment and the fear of God, (4) The relationship of human beings with God (child versus servant), (5) Issues of justice, honor and status, and (6) The importance of obedience to God. An evaluation of the six themes revealed one overarching trajectory: a shift from a dominant master–servant view of the Divine–human relationship to a father–child paradigm. The research affirms that the shift to a biblically shaped view of God is not disconnected from previous beliefs, but is based on and shaped by a priori assumptions held by members of society. Commitment to the Bible as God’s word speaking authoritatively to believers creates a shift or trajectory of faith so that current perspectives, symbols and metaphors of God are being reformed and reconfirmed through the believers’ interaction with the Sindhi translation of scripture. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)