Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Jordão Machado / Banca: Carlos Alberto Sampaio / Banca: Célia Reis Camargo / Banca: Miguel Vedda / Banca: Isabel Maria Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro / Resumo: Trata-se de uma investigação sobre as posições políticas de Jean-Paul Sartre relacionadas ao Terceiro Mundo, entre 1947 e 1979. A investigação tem dois objetivos fundamentais: estabelecer as relações possíveis entre o contexto histórico - o mundo pós-guerra, as guerras de descolonização, a emergência dos países do Terceiro Mundo e o cenário político-intelectual francês - e a trajetória de Sartre; e analisar, por meio das fontes documentais, os problemas que o Terceiro Mundo - a Guerra da Argélia (1954-1962), a Revolução Cubana (1959) e a Guerra do Vietnã (1946-1975) - colocam às posições políticas de Sartre / Abstract: This study investigates Jean-Paul Sartre‟s political positions and their relationship with the Third World, between 1947 and 1979. Generally speaking, this research aims to establish a possible link between the historical context - the postwar world, the descolonization wars, the rising of third world countries, the French political and intellectual setting - and Sartre‟s trajectory. More accurately, this investigation, above all, aims to analyse by means of documental sources, the problems that the Third World - The Algeria War (1954-1962), the Cuban Revolution (1959) and the Vietnam War (1946-1975) - bring forward to Sartre‟s political positions / Doutor

過往對民意對外交政策的研究多聚焦於美國案例，而以「美國國內政治民意制衡機制」如國會為重要機制。本研究即試以世界報所反映的法國媒體民意與越戰期間法國與美國雙邊關係之互動為例，探討法國民意與外交政策關係之特徵。 以文獻分析法與內容分析法研究越南戰爭六個時期( 「法越奠邊府戰役」、「甘迺迪總統軍事介入越戰」、「東京灣決議案」、「春節攻勢」、「尼克森宣言」及「巴黎協議後至美國撤兵越南」)的相關文獻與法國世界報(Le Monde)文本，最後發展出法國的民意與外交決策過程簡圖如下。並由奠邊府戰役時期世界報輿論與法國外交政策、美國其中外交政策態度轉折過程，取得此時期世界報輿論意見獨立於法國對美國外交路線之例證。 圖中線條粗細代表影響力大小：行政部門對媒體、精英與大眾意見有強大影響力，而媒體的新聞框架與評論擁有第二大影響政府外交決策之作用，甚至可能還大於其他精英如國會議員對法國行政當局的影響。 另外，透過比較上述六時期世界報新聞評論與特稿內容分析，得出法國媒體民意對美國越戰作為之認知變化，此對美國行為認知與歸因的歷時性研究發現奠邊府戰役時期對美國正面認知以「求助」為主動機，而戰況慘烈如1968年春節攻勢之際，對美國越戰認知出現大量「同理心(25%)」成分。負面認知包含大量「不理性」與「好戰」，與「霸權自利」相關的負面認知則相對較小。同時，單一政策與個別領導人如詹森與尼克森任期分野也與法國民意對美國越戰作為之「不理性」認知比例差異相呼應。 關鍵字：法美雙邊關係、越南戰爭、民意、外交政策、媒體、世界報、認知

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Literature review -- Methodology -- Body of project : Fire in the belly. / Dept. of Journalism

In this thesis, I argue that twenty-first century American war films are constructed in dialogue with the past, repurposing earlier forms of war representation by evoking the visual and narrative memory of the past that is embedded in genre form—what Mikhail Bakhtin calls 'genre memory.' Comparing post-9/11 war films with Vietnam War films, my project examines how contemporary war films envision war's impact on culture and social space, explore how war refashions ideas about race and national identity, and re-imagine war's rewriting of the human psyche. My research expands on earlier research and departs from traditional approaches to the war film genre by locating the American Civil War at the origin of this genre memory, and, in doing so, argues that nineteenth century documentation of the Civil War serves as a rehearsal for the twentieth and twenty-first century war film. Constructed in explicit relation to the Vietnam film, I argue that post-9/11 war films rehearse the history of war representation in American culture while also emphasizing the radically different culture of the present day. Rather than representing a departure from past forms of war representation, as has been argued by many theorists, I show that contemporary American war films can be seen as the latest chapter in a long history of reimagining American military and cultural history in pictorial and narrative form.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_rd_dr_assis.pdf: 969155 bytes, checksum: 7d3ab972da58b9582e357141dca92604 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Trata-se de uma investigação sobre as posições políticas de Jean-Paul Sartre relacionadas ao Terceiro Mundo, entre 1947 e 1979. A investigação tem dois objetivos fundamentais: estabelecer as relações possíveis entre o contexto histórico – o mundo pós-guerra, as guerras de descolonização, a emergência dos países do Terceiro Mundo e o cenário político-intelectual francês – e a trajetória de Sartre; e analisar, por meio das fontes documentais, os problemas que o Terceiro Mundo – a Guerra da Argélia (1954-1962), a Revolução Cubana (1959) e a Guerra do Vietnã (1946-1975) – colocam às posições políticas de Sartre / This study investigates Jean-Paul Sartre‟s political positions and their relationship with the Third World, between 1947 and 1979. Generally speaking, this research aims to establish a possible link between the historical context – the postwar world, the descolonization wars, the rising of third world countries, the French political and intellectual setting – and Sartre‟s trajectory. More accurately, this investigation, above all, aims to analyse by means of documental sources, the problems that the Third World – The Algeria War (1954-1962), the Cuban Revolution (1959) and the Vietnam War (1946-1975) – bring forward to Sartre‟s political positions

Orientador: Giséle Manganelli Fernandes / Banca: Manuel Fernando Medina / Banca: Álvaro Luis Hattnher / Resumo: Este projeto examina as maneiras pelas quais a obra The Short-Timers (1979), de Gustav Hasford, e o filme Full Metal Jacket (1987), de Stanley Kubrick, revisitam a Guerra do Vietnã, dessacralizando a História oficial. Em seu romance The Short Timers (1979), o veterano Gustav Hasford narra a trajetória de um soldado e de seus companheiros durante o treinamento militar e o posterior combate no Vietnã. Tomando a perspectiva desse soldado, o narrador focaliza esse episódio da história dos Estados Unidos de forma diversa da tradicional; isto é, denunciando as angústias e dores vividas pelas tropas no treinamento básico e na batalha. Stanley Kubrick dirigiu a adaptação dessa narrativa para o cinema que recebeu o título de Full Metal Jacket (1987). Nela podemos notar como a guerra é revisitada de modo crítico. O cineasta apresenta as narrativas pessoais da personagem principal. Para analisar as obras literária e cinematográfica, serão utilizados textos teóricos acerca da relação entre Literatura e História (Hutcheon, 1989, 1993; White, 1985; Benjamin, 1985) e sobre Pós-Modernismo (Jameson, 1997; Hutcheon, 1989). Com base nestas teorias, propomos verificar como a Literatura e o Cinema representam a Guerra do Vietnã na contemporaneidade, mostrando diferentes pontos de vista sobre o conflito / Abstract: This project investigates the ways in which Gustav Hasford's The Short-Timers (1979) and Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket (1987) revisit the Vietnam War rethinking official History. In his novel, The Short-Timers, the Vietnam veteran Gustav Hasford narrates the path of a soldier and his mates during military training and later combat in Vietnam. Taking this soldier's perspective, the narrator focuses on this episode in American history differently than usual; that is, calling attention to the anguish and pains that the troops go through on training and in battle. Stanley Kubrick directed the adaptation of this work into the film Full Metal Jacket, in which can be noticed how war can be critically reevaluated. The filmmaker presents personal accounts by the main character. For the analyses, theories about the relationship between Literature and History (Hutcheon, 1989, 1993; White, 1985; Benjamin, 1985) and Post-Modernism (Jameson, 1997; Hutcheon, 1989) will be used. Based on those theories, we propose to investigate how Literature and Cinema represent the Vietnam War showing other points of view about this conflict / Mestre

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Beginning in 1954, the United States Army attempted to build a viable armed force in South Vietnam. Until the early 1960s, other areas commanded more American attention, yet this formative period was influential in later United States involvement in Vietnam. This thesis examines United States advisory efforts from 1955 to 1960 by analyzing the tenure of Lieutenant General Samuel T. Williams as Chief of the Military Assistance Advisory Group in South Vietnam. During Williams's tenure, the communist forces in the north began the guerrilla insurgency in earnest. Williams's failure to respond to this change has been justly criticized; yet his actions were reflective of the United States Army's attitude toward insurgencies in the late 1950s.

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