Title: Volunteering at sport events Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to identify the most important factors that motivate volunteers in Czech Republic to their participation at sport events. A questionnaire was distributed amongst the volunteers. Detected data should help the organizers to understand what kind of people the volunteers are and help with their future recruitment. Methods: The following methods were used when writing this thesis: case studies, the analysis of the relevant and available documents, written questioning. Results: Results of the survey show that most of the volunteers are younger than thirty years and that women are slightly prevailing among them. Volunteers valued following motives as the most important for their participation: I want to help make the event a success, I want to be beneficial, I want to spend my free time in a meaningful way. In comparison with the foreign studies, which are analysed in this thesis, it showed that volunteers in foreign countries consider similar motives as the most important. Keywords: Volunteering, volunteers, motives, motivational factors, sport events

Providing of assistance can be divided into short-term, unplanned and planned and long-term - this form is defined as a volunteering. Volunteering, as a type of prosocial behavior is widespread in the world. Importance of voluntary movement increased rapidly in the Czech Republic in recent years. As an evidence for it is the addition of volunteer centers and other organizations and Act No. 198/2002 Coll. concerning volunteer service. For this reason, the author decided to find factors related to prosocial behavior in persons with long-term, systematic and selfless behavior, which they devote to activities for the benefit of other people, it means volunteers. The author carried out a quantitative research using methods of interviewing, anonymous questionnaire technique (specifically inventory supplemented by other questions). The group was established by quota random sample where quota was sex, voluntary activity and its length. The sample was consisted of a target group of volunteers from throughout the Czech Republic. Research has shown that the most common motive for volunteering is to help others and meet new people, gain new experiences. It was further shown that in the motivation structure of the volunteers (six basic motives influencing the voluntary behavior) was the most represented motive career ? to gain an experience for a his or her career. The benefit of this thesis is to determine the incentive structure of volunteers from health and social institutions, and volunteers from the sporting and educational activities.

The diploma thesis focuses on the current situation in volunteering within the network of social services in Tábor, and on the elaboration of a volunteering development proposal based on the collected data. The theoretical part of the thesis gives an explanation of the concept of volunteering, its history, its situation in the Czech Republic and abroad, legislative background of volunteering and the most frequent spheres of volunteering activities. One of the spheres where volunteering plays an important role is the network of social services and social care, which was also surveyed within the theoretical part of the thesis. To describe the complexity of the investigated issue in a broader context, we included explanations of concepts connected with organized civil society as well as the reasons for the existence of the non-profit sector. The interrelations of all the concepts mentioned above are reflected in the process of planning social services within the community, which is also described in the thesis. Based on the secondary analysis of the Community Plan of Social Services of the City of Tábor 2011 ? 2013 (further on referred to as community plan) and on the websites of individual organizations engaged in social services, the practical part determines the research sample as well as the set of questions for the interview. The research results have been obtained on the basis of qualitative research strategy, using the method of questioning and the technique of semi-standardized interview. The questions concerning the problems of volunteering, its promotion in Tábor and the involvement of volunteers in the particular organization were answered by the representatives coming from all 25 non-profit organizations which are active in the sphere of social services in Tábor; all of them participate in the community plan. Some of the questions were aimed at the problems of volunteering in the community plan. The respondents were encouraged to express their proposals, ideas and recommendations related to volunteering development. The results indicated that more than a half of the organizations with an involvement in the community plan activities cooperate with volunteers. The reasons why other organizations do not work with volunteers are either of legislative or personnel character. The research also shows that it is necessary to pay special attention to volunteering promotion across all age categories of Tábor residents and observe new trends in volunteering, such as various forms of corporate volunteering or virtual volunteering. The collected data and their evaluation made it possible for the author to propose several steps which could lead to the improvement of the current state, especially if the data are used in the process of community planning. The results of the thesis will be used for meeting the objectives of the community plan and by individual organizations providing social services in Tábor. At the same time they can inspire the residents of Tábor to take an active part in volunteering.

This diploma thesis deals with an issue of a volunteering from a perspective of organizations operating in the health-social area, specifically in terms of their needs in an implementation of the volunteering. The research was conducted in Teplice region. Two years ago within the bachelor thesis there was carried out an analysis here, whose results the current research builds on. The aim of the diploma thesis was to find out which are the needs of organizations in the health-social area with getting the volunteers. The theoretical part is devoted to definitions of concepts relating to the volunteering in the health-social area. It defines a concept of the organization in the health-social area, it also deals with concepts of the volunteering and the volunteer. Other chapters were devoted to the volunteering in the health-social area and a management of the volunteering. There does not miss a chapter dedicated to the needs of a man, a volunteer and an organization. The conclusion describes the current state of the volunteering in the region of Teplice. The whole issue was explored through a quantitative research. The main method used to gather the necessary data was questioning, a technique of a semi-structured interview. Partial research questions were answered by an analysis of these interviews. The thesis presents needs of organizations in the health-social area associated with getting of the volunteers. In particular, a necessity for a greater awareness about the whole issue of the volunteering, higher numbers of active volunteers in the region, a need of a staffing to be able to manage these activities in a person of a volunteers´ coordinator and together with it associated funds. In conclusion the author tries to outline contexts and possible solutions for the development of the volunteering in Teplice region.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de discutir a temática das associações voluntárias a partir de duas premissas básicas: Qual é a motivação das pessoas para se voluntariar e o quê esperam receber em troca? A categoria dádiva é o eixo central da análise cujo componente empírico apoiou-se em trabalho de campo realizado na ONG RIOVOLUNTÁRIO, onde foram observados os primeiros momentos de contato entre os voluntários e a instituição, quando aqueles têm contato com a cultura do voluntariado. Os voluntários foram questionados acerca de suas expectativas e experiências anteriores nas ações assistenciais. No âmbito desta dissertação, o trabalho voluntário é apresentado como uma possibilidade para a participação dos indivíduos nas ações de resposta ao crescimento da violência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / This study was ellaborated in order to discuss the work of the associations of volunteers from two basic remises: a) which is the main motivation that guide people to become a volunteer and b) what do they await in return from this activity. I can say that the donation, as an anthropological category, is the basis of my theoretical analys. The empirical basis to investigate it I have obtained by the participant observation of the work of the non-governmental organization - NGO Rio Voluntário, where I have took part from the whole process of volunteering. I mean, I have observed since the first moments, in which the volunteers got in touch with this institution, when they were questioned about their expectation towards the activity, untill the moment they began to work as volunteers. Finalyy I can say that presently the volunteer activity has become an important trial in order to reinforce the civil actions to reduce the violence in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de discutir a temática das associações voluntárias a partir de duas premissas básicas: Qual é a motivação das pessoas para se voluntariar e o quê esperam receber em troca? A categoria dádiva é o eixo central da análise cujo componente empírico apoiou-se em trabalho de campo realizado na ONG RIOVOLUNTÁRIO, onde foram observados os primeiros momentos de contato entre os voluntários e a instituição, quando aqueles têm contato com a cultura do voluntariado. Os voluntários foram questionados acerca de suas expectativas e experiências anteriores nas ações assistenciais. No âmbito desta dissertação, o trabalho voluntário é apresentado como uma possibilidade para a participação dos indivíduos nas ações de resposta ao crescimento da violência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / This study was ellaborated in order to discuss the work of the associations of volunteers from two basic remises: a) which is the main motivation that guide people to become a volunteer and b) what do they await in return from this activity. I can say that the donation, as an anthropological category, is the basis of my theoretical analys. The empirical basis to investigate it I have obtained by the participant observation of the work of the non-governmental organization - NGO Rio Voluntário, where I have took part from the whole process of volunteering. I mean, I have observed since the first moments, in which the volunteers got in touch with this institution, when they were questioned about their expectation towards the activity, untill the moment they began to work as volunteers. Finalyy I can say that presently the volunteer activity has become an important trial in order to reinforce the civil actions to reduce the violence in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

A presente pesquisa teve como questão norteadora a problematização da emergência dos jovens como objeto de investimento de políticas públicas. O trabalho de dissertação se inscreveu no campo de pesquisa em Psicologia Social. Tomou-se como referência teórico-metodológica conceitos e propostas de análise de Michel Foucault. Adicionalmente, foram consultadas obras de autores tais como Dreyfus, Rabinow, Castel e Bauman, e artigos de autores como Sposito, Castro, Rojas e Abramovay. Analisaram-se documentos de dois projetos de políticas públicas de juventude — um no Brasil, o Consórcio Social da Juventude, e outro na Inglaterra, o Northamptonshire Millennium Volunteers — que propõem ações nos campos da educação e/ou da formação profissional. Para a análise, considerou-se o contexto das políticas públicas de juventude nos dois países. Foi possível, ainda, dialogar com alguns gestores e executores dos dois projetos. Deste modo, buscouse visibilizar os enunciados e discursos sobre juventude que operam nos projetos de políticas públicas, além de destacar os modos de ser jovem que se constituem como emergências possíveis nos projetos analisados. A partir dos elementos elencados dos enunciados, definiram-se três eixos principais de análise: juventude voluntária, juventude vulnerável e juventude trabalhadora. A problematização desenvolvida permitiu falar de relações e de processos mais coletivos que destacam os modos como, na contemporaneidade, se constroem determinadas universalidades de juventudes. / The present dissertation had as research question the problematization of the emergence of young people as object of investment of government policies. This work is inserted in the field of research in Social Psychology. We adopted as theoretical and methodological reference concepts and analysis proposed by Michel Foucault. Additionally, concepts developed by Dreyfus, Rabinow, Castel, Bauman, Sposito, Castro, Rojas, Abramovay, among others, were proficuous for the analysis. We analysed documents of two projects of government policies designed for young people — one in Brazil, the Consórcio Social da Juventude, and another in England, the Northamptonshire Millennium Volunteers — that planned actions in the fields of education and/or professional training. For the analysis, we considered the context of government policies for young people in both countries. It was possible to establish contacts with some professionals who worked in the projects, which contributed for the research work and analysis. We examined the statements and discourses on young people that operate in the government policies. We sought to highlight the ways of being that emerged as possibilities for the young people who took part in the projects. Based on the elements culled from the statements, we defined three main axes for the process of analysis: volunteering youth, vulnerable youth and working youth. The developed problematization made it possible to speak of more collective processes and relations that highlight the ways how some youth generalities are constructed in the contemporaneity.

A presente tese tem como objeto a análise das intervenções da sociedade civil no cárcere à luz do conceito de reintegração social. A partir de um estudo de campo, apresento e comparo alguns projetos de intervenção em estabelecimentos prisionais de São Paulo e da Catalunha. Busquei sistematizar algumas experiências de reintegração social, buscando compreender as formas e impactos de diversos projetos que propõem reaproximação sociedade civil-cárcere. O objetivo foi conhecer algumas das formas que a sociedade civil tem se relacionado com o cárcere, de forma a compreender quais estratégias, discursos e práticas são mobilizadas na intervenção da sociedade nesse espaço. E ainda se, a partir dessas ações, pode-se afirmar que o cárcere está se abrindo à sociedade e vice-versa. / This thesis has as object the analysis of civil society interventions in prison in the light of the concept of social reintegration. From a field study, I present and compare some intervention projects in prisons in Sao Paulo and Catalonia. I tried to systematize some experiences of social reintegration, seeking to understand the forms and impacts of various projects that propose rapprochement civil society-jail. The aim was to study some of the ways that civil society has been involved in the prison, in order to understand what strategies, speeches and practices are mobilized in the intervention of society in that space. And still, from these actions, it can be said that the prison is opening up to society and the society is opening to prison and vice versa.

A prática de voluntariado, embora antiga, tem ganhado espaço de uma forma muito distinta das ações de caridade informais e de matizes religiosas que predominavam há até algumas décadas. Imerso em um complexo processo de institucionalização, o voluntariado ganhou novos valores a partir dos anos 90, relacionados à mudança social e à participação política, ao mesmo tempo em que se distanciou cada vez mais da idéia da caridade e do assistencialismo. Neste trabalho, buscamos entender em que medida o engajamento de indivíduos neste novo modelo de voluntariado, sendo ele uma ação coletiva e focada em mudança social, pode contribuir para uma cultura política mais participativa, a partir da formação da consciência política dos voluntários. Escolhemos como estudo de caso a ONG Teto, presente no Brasil, na América Latina e no Caribe, que atualmente representa bem este novo voluntariado como fenômeno social. Com o foco na questão habitacional e com o objetivo de superar a extrema pobreza, a ONG Teto atrai milhares de jovens universitários como voluntários. Assumimos como referencial as reflexões teóricas dos autores da psicologia política e especialmente o modelo Analítico da Consciência Política de Salvador A. M. Sandoval. Assim, buscamos entender, a partir de entrevistas, as dimensões sociais e psicológicas que constituem a consciência política dos voluntários nessa organização, a disposição deles em agirem de acordo com essa consciência e a relação desta com as atividades sociais que eles exercem na ONG. Como resultados, identificamos que ainda há um forte caráter de caridade e assistencialismo na atividade da ONG, mas com grande potencial de formação política dos jovens voluntários, especialmente a partir das vivências nos assentamentos precários. Por outro lado, identificamos pontos que desfavorecem a constituição de uma consciência política mais crítica e que, portanto, fazem com que aquele potencial não seja explorado de forma eficiente. Esses obstáculos relacionam-se principalmente à falta de posicionamento político da ONG, à falta de orientação política aos voluntários, à ausência de questionamentos mais profundos sobre as questões que buscam combater e também ao desencontro entre o discurso de erradicação da pobreza e as ações propostas / Volunteering is an old practice that nowadays unfolds in very distinct ways from the informal charity and mostly religious forms which used to prevail until some decades ago. As a contemporary society product, volunteering is now immersed in a complex institutionalization process. It has been redefined and gathered new values, related to social change and political participation while gets increasingly distant from charity speech and assistentialism. In this study, we seek to understand how taking part in this new formal volunteering, as a colective action, can contribute to a more participative political culture, from volunteers\' political awareness. NGO Teto is our case study. It is based in Latin America and the Caribbean and best represents the new volunteering as a social phenomenon. Aiming at habitation issues and at overcoming poverty, the NGO has attracted millions of university students. We take as reference the theoretical thoughts of political psychology authors, especially Salvador A. M. Sandoval\'s Analytical Model of Political Consciousness. This way, we have tried to comprehend the social and psycological dimensions that form the volunteers\' political consciousness, their willingness to act in accordance to it and its bonds to the social activities they develop at the NGO. In the analysis, we have found a model of volunteering that is still very close to charity, but with great potential of critical formation, especially as a result of volunteers\' experiences in poor communities. On the other hand, we have found out issues that are obstacles to a more critical political sonsciousness, which consequently turns this potential inexplored efficiently. The obstacles are mostly related to the NGO\'s lack of guidance and political positioning, the absence of deeper questioning about the problems the NGO and volunteers work to solve, as well as the clash between the discourse of poverty eradication and the proposed actions

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No. of bitstreams: 1 monicajardimlopes.pdf: 1760020 bytes, checksum: 61c987394603f4556dd3a3317a436ae3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / Este estudo busca analisar o voluntariado como um fenômeno social expressivo dos anos de 1990 e funcional ao projeto de sociabilidade neoliberal, relacionando-o com o processo educativo. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, três questões foram centrais para delinear os rumos de investigação: Que relação vem sendo estabelecida entre educação, cidadania e voluntariado na atualidade? Que sujeitos políticos coletivos atuaram ou atuam na divulgação da vinculação entre voluntariado e educação? Que orientações político-pedagógicas são apresentadas para o estabelecimento da relação entre voluntariado e educação? Com base nestes apontamentos, o objetivo geral deste estudo se concentra em analisar as formulações que vinculam o fenômeno voluntariado com a educação escolar a partir da noção de cidadania propostas por sujeitos políticos coletivos, procurando apreender o significado destas formulações, tendo em vista o processo de formação humana e o padrão de sociabilidade. Como objetivos específicos indicam-se: a) interpretar o surgimento de uma nova noção de cidadania e sua funcionalidade ao projeto de sociabilidade neoliberal; b) apreender o voluntariado como um novo fenômeno social, expressão da cidadania ativa; c) analisar o significado das formulações propostas por intelectuais orgânicos coletivos como diretrizes na relação entre voluntariado e educação. O referencial epistemológico adotado é o materialismo histórico, por compreender que esse método busca a apreensão da realidade histórica de forma dialética. A referida pesquisa constitui-se em análise documental de formulações propostas por intelectuais orgânicos coletivos – Organização das Nações Unidas, Centro de Voluntariado de São Paulo e, fundamentalmente, Instituto Faça Parte. O estudo revela que a difusão do neoliberalismo no Brasil, objetivando a manutenção das relações sociais capitalistas, produziu um novo modelo de sociabilidade, em que a sociedade civil foi instituída como o espaço da coesão social, diluindo as contradições e as lutas de classe. Para a construção de uma nova pedagogia da hegemonia, a noção de cidadania deslocou-se do campo das lutas sociais para o plano do engajamento cívico, adquirindo uma nova função social determinante: o ativismo social expresso na noção de voluntariado. Nesse sentido, cidadania e voluntariado se articulam como elementos essenciais para a formação do novo homem coletivo proposto pelos preceitos neoliberais, que assume a responsabilidade de minimizar a desigualdade social, construindo uma face humanizada do capitalismo. O padrão de sociabilidade neoliberal apresentou significativas implicações na educação escolar, tornando-a subordinada ao desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades essenciais para ajustar os sujeitos sociais às demandas do sistema capitalista. O voluntariado, apoiado nos conceitos de capital humano e capital social, reforça uma estratégia sutil de dominação, fortalecendo a manutenção da ordem social vigente. A pesquisa conclui que o voluntariado como componente do processo educativo cumpre a função de contribuir para reafirmar a centralidade do projeto de sociabilidade neoliberal no país. Apontar como horizonte formativo da educação escolar a preparação para a cidadania, materializada no voluntariado, não possibilita o processo de emancipação humana e reafirma o conformismo social dirigido pela classe dominante. / This study searches analyzing the volunteering as an expressive social phenomenon of 1990´s and also functional to the sociability neoliberal project, relating it with the educational process. To the development of the research, three points were the core for outlining the directions of the investigation: What relationship has been established among education, citizenship, and volunteering nowadays? Which collective-political subjects have whether operated or still operate in the spreading of the linking between volunteering and education? Which political-pedagogical guidelines are presented in the purpose for establishment of the relationship between volunteering and education? Based on these notes, the general aim of this study concentrates on analyzing the formulations that tie up the volunteering phenomenon with school education, leaving from the notion of citizenship proposed by collective-political subjects, seeking to apprehend the meaning of these formulations, in view of process of human formation and the standard of sociability. As specific objectives are indicated: a) interpreting the emergence of a new concept of citizenship and its functionality to the project of neoliberal sociability; b) apprehending volunteering as a brand new social phenomenon, as expression of active citizenship; c) analyzing the meaning of formulations proposed by collective-organic intellectuals as guidelines in the relation between volunteering and education. The epistemological framework assumed is historical materialism, considering that this method seeks the apprehension of historical reality in a dialectical thinking. Such a research consists of on documentary analysis of formulations proposed by collective-organic intellectuals - the United Nations, Volunteer Center of São Paulo, and fundamentally Institute "Faça Parte" (Join).The study reveals that the spread of neoliberalism in Brazil, aiming at the maintenance of capitalist social relations, has produced a new model of sociability, in which civil society has been established as a space of social cohesion, attenuating the contradictions and class struggles. For the construction of a new pedagogy of hegemony, the notion of citizenship has shifted from the field of social struggles for civic engagement plan, acquiring a new determinant social function: social activism expressed in the notion of volunteering. In this sense, citizenship and volunteering are articulated as essential elements for the formation of the new collective man proposed by neoliberal precepts, which takes the responsibility to minimize social inequality, while builds a humanized face of capitalism. The pattern of neoliberal sociability has showed significant implications for school education, making it subordinated to the development of skills and abilities essential to those social subjects to be adjusted to the demands of the capitalist system. Volunteering, supported on the concept of human capital and social capital, reinforces a subtle strategy of domination, strengthening the maintenance of social order. The research concludes that volunteering as a component of the educational process fulfills the function of contributing to reaffirm the centrality of the project of neoliberal sociability in the country. Pointing as formative horizon of the school education for the preparation for citizenship, this embodied in volunteering, does not allow the process of human emancipation and reaffirms social conformity directed by the ruling class.