This essay is an analysis of a translation of the chapter Success Begets Success – From 1800 to C70 Coupé in David G. Styles’ book Volvo 1800. The Complete Story. By studying cultural adaptations together with the translation of terminology and connectors and basing the analysis on translation theory, certain conclusions can be drawn about the problems of translating a car-related text. This essay is mainly based on the theories of Vinay & Darbelnet (in Munday 2001), Rune Ingo (2007) and Bengt Altenberg (1999). The main results are that terminology is very important and that a translator needs to know the terms very well in order to translate successfully. For cultural adaptations it is necessary to make the text appear natural in the target culture without losing any vital information from the source text. Failure to meet those demands may result in a text which is rejected by people who are very interested in and knowledgeable about Volvo. Regarding connectors, avoidance of repetition is a key to success and slight increases or decreases in formality must sometimes be performed in order to reach this goal. Translation may be a rather vague science, but there are still strategies that must be regarded as better than others.

Volvo Car Corporation (Volvo Cars) develops powertrain mounting systems that uses components made up largely of filled rubber materials. The development of such components is today relying on external suppliers to design components based on requirements set by Volvo. To reduce costs and lead-time in the development process the possibility of in-house design of such components at Volvo Cars is being investigated. For this to be possible, knowledge must be built concerning modelling the mechanical properties of rubber materials. As part of this a parameter extraction method for modelling of filled rubber materials intended for finite element use has been developed in this project. Both a simple static model fitting procedure and a more complex dynamic model fitting procedure are detailed. Mechanical testing of four filled natural rubber materials with varying hardnesswas carried out at the facilities of Volvo Cars and recommendations have been made regarding the limits of the equipment and the specific test body geometry used. It was found that the lower limit for dynamic testing in regards to displacement amplitude is 0.02 mm. The highest frequency recommended is dependent on the material hardness but a higher limit of 200 Hz is recommended for the softest material investigated. The upper limit was found to be necessary due to inertia effects in the material. The models used to describe the static behaviour were hyperelastic phenomenological models independent on the second invariant such as the Yeoh and the linear neo-Hookean models. The dynamic model used the overlay method to capture therate and amplitude dependent properties of filled rubber. A generalized viscoelastic-elastoplastic rheological model using Maxwell and friction elements in parallel with alinear elastic element was presented and used. These were limited to having maximumfive of each element and no attempts at minimizing this number was made in this work.The dynamic model was fitted to experimental data using a minimization procedure focusing on dynamic modulus and damping at a range of frequencies and strain amplitudes.The proposed fitting procedure is a three segment loop in which FE simulationsof the experimental data is used as both a correction and a validation tool.Model validation showed good correlation of the fitted model to measured databefore correction was attempted. The correction step did not improve the model qualityand the reason for this was identified as poor post-processing. The proposed method together with lessons learned during the course of the project will be of importance for the future in-house development of rubber components at Volvo Cars.

The aim of this thesis is to collectively define and analyze new business Volvo car strategy with regard to its growth ambitions and therefore comprehensively outline its future development of the automotive industry. Under this objective, I have primarily focused on several key areas of automaker's current direction, which were crucial for Volvo in the last few years.

This research investigates the interaction between corporate branding and nation branding using the case of Swedish nation branding on Volvo’s international Instagram channel. It aims to find out which topics of the Swedish nation brand are addressed by Volvo and where and how frequently the references are placed. Furthermore, the goal is to understand how the Swedish nation brand is communicated multimodally and how it is perceived. This research draws upon the concept of nation branding in general and the Swedish nation brand particularly. Upon the following examination of the interaction between companies and nation branding, the advantages become clear. However, it is also apparent that there is currently a lack of research on the usage of the Swedish nation brand by companies. Based on Mayring (1994), a content analysis of 164 posts from a one-year period was conducted to examine with which topics, where and how frequently the Swedish nation brand is communicated by Volvo. Multimodal critical discourse analysis based on Machin (2016) of three different posts gives examples of how the communication is implemented multimodally and how users react on it with comments. The findings show a clear focus on safety, sustainability, countryside and design with interesting results for the usage of niche categories in the automobile industry. The Swedish nation brand is often indirectly communicated, not pointing out the country itself but instead representing its values, culture and geography. The examples of the multimodal critical discourse analysis show that the Swedish national culture and the nation’s values are presented as more important than Volvo’s brand, while Swedish geography serves to highlight the car’s qualities and its heritage. The analysis of the comments show that the categories of the Swedish nation brand are recognized, but the posts are not associated with Sweden unless it is very obviously represented.

Background: In recent years, interest towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has increased, more specifically, the economic, environmental, and social impacts large corporations have on society. This has led to the increase in transparency of practices in CSR disclosure, and number of sustainability reports published in general. In particular, the automotive industry has proved to be quite unsustainable, and is heavily focusing on its sustainable impacts. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to answer why practices in CSR disclosure are an increasingly important phenomena, and more specifically, why companies engage in them. This is done by having Volvo Cars as a case study and analyzing its annual and sustainability reports for the years from 2018 to 2020. Method: The framework used to analyze the results is Carroll’s pyramid of CSR, and thus, examining four dimensions of CSR: economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic. The results were further analyzed through stakeholder theory, in order to distinguish which practices in CSR disclosure were aimed at affecting the company’s primary, secondary, and both primary and secondary stakeholders, respectively, and conclude why companies in the automotive industry engage in CSR. Conclusion: The conclusions of the study are that Volvo Cars is a company, which heavily emphasizes on its sustainable activities and aims at achieving a competitive advantage via its practices in CSR disclosure, by affecting all stakeholder groups. Thus, the reason practices in CSR disclosure are becoming increasingly important is because companies see it as a means of positioning themselves in today’s highly competitive environment, and thus, achieving a competitive advantage.

A big concern when painting surfaces is the unevenness of the surface texture that is created by the paint. This is a well known problem for the automotive industry, referred to as The Orange Peel Effect, creating a surface texture like that of an orange. This project aims to answer if the currently used Wave Scan could be replaced with the new Optimap to measure the Orange Peel Effect. A standardized measurement of this Orange Peel Effect are the N1 and N3 values, calculated through the BMW-Ford-scale and used by Volvo Trucks. In the first part of this report five models are created and evaluated to make the measurements from the new Optimap comparable with the currently used Wave Scan. In this report it is shown that N1 and N3 could be estimated such that hat(N1) = 2, 551813 + 0, 018900 ∗ Tb + 0, 089610 ∗ Td hat(N3) = 3, 862056 − 0, 014959 ∗ Tb + 0, 019958 ∗ Tc + 0, 067837 ∗ Td where Tb,Tc and Td are measurements from Optimap. By replacing Wave Scan with Optimap Volvo Trucks would be able to measure underlying layers like the matte base coat. Volvo suspects that the underlying layers could affect the top coats surface structure. If this is true it could then be further investigated and in turn optimized. This first part is modelled using measurements from plates which are painted with the truck cabs. These plates are measured with both tools and 110 paired measurements are used for the modelling. The variance is analyzed using another set of 24 plates with 6 replicates each, yielding 144 paired masurements. The two tools measures significantly differently for different wave lengths. Some of Optimaps measurements are also significantly different between the replicates of the same plate. The second part of this project is to evaluate the effect that the base coat has on the end product surface structure. Volvo Trucks is interested in the trends over time in the orange peel. This is done using data acquired from the production line, with truck cabs measured with base coat applied and cabs with top coat applied. Does the base coat follow the same trends? The result is that, due to lack of paired data, not enough evidence is found to either support nor reject the hypothesis that the base coat affects the end products surface texture. A significant difference between the different base coats is found. This is discussed and taken into account in the third part. The third part consists of a recommendation to Volvo Trucks on how to use the Optimap and further investigate the possible predictors of orange peel. This recommendation mainly focuses on reducing the number of variables. This could be done with only one type of top coat painted on the different base coats, using the same type of base surface for every measurement. The surface could then be measured before and after the top coat is applied to aquire paired data. This could be done in a laboratory in small-scale, and depending on the outcome more experiments could be constructed. In future studies one can investigate one of the base coats further. The same experiment could then be done with different alternations of one base coat instead of using several.

Företaget Volvo Cars återfinns på Sustainable Brand Index lista över de mest hållbaravarumärkena enligt svenska konsumenter. Samtidigt verkar företaget inom en av de mestklimatbelastande branscherna. Mot bakgrund av detta och med utgångspunkten att reklam ären av de faktorerna som kan ha påverkat konsumenternas uppfattningar var syftet med dennastudie att undersöka hur hållbarhet, främst utifrån ett miljöperspektiv, kommuniceras i VolvoCars reklamfilmer. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av den kvalitativa metoden multimodalkritisk diskursanalys och utgått från ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av teorier om CSR,grönmålning och budskapsstrategier. Materialet i studien består av tre stycken reklamfilmeroch är hämtade från Volvo Cars youtubekanal, reklamfilmerna är publicerade mellan åren2020 och 2021. Resultatet visar sammanfattningsvis att hållbarhet kommuniceras genom detre diskursiva temana hållbarhet genom miljö, hållbarhet som säkerhet och hållbarhet somnågonting modernt och att detta görs med hjälp av transformerande budskapsstrategier somdelvis kompletteras med intygsreklam. Vidare visar studien att Volvo Cars använder desemiotiska resurserna för att förmedla och transformera känslan och idén av hållbarhet,snarare än på ett sätt där det tydligt framgår vad som gör dem hållbara.

Fuel leakage through a fill limit vent valve (FLVV) inside a fuel tank is an important factor to consider during the design of a new tank. The performance of the carbon canister which absorbs the hydrocarbon can be compromised if fuel manages to escape through the valve, so called Liquid Carry Over (LCO) and thus not fulfilling the fuel emission requirements. As of today this is not thoroughly investigated using experiments nor Computational Fluid Dynamics. The main focus of this study was to develop a method to simulate the behaviour of the FLVV during various driving conditions at an early design stage and if this gives rise to fuel escaping through the FLVV. This method was later to be validated with an experimental set-up and later used to perform some simulations to investigate LCO by varying different parameters such as fuel level and different types of driving. What happens when the canister is purging was also investigated to see if it has a pronounced effect on LCO. Purging is when hydrocarbons, absorbed by the canister, are sent to the engine and giving rise to an under pressure in the tank.The method was developed to run on a cluster utilizing 200 Central Processing Unit Cores where each simulated physical second required an average of 3 hours of simulation time.The flow inside the tank was simulated using a Volume Of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model and the dynamic behaviour of the floater inside the FLVV was simulated using an overset mesh with a Dynamic Fluid Body Interaction.The movement of the simulated dynamic floater was validated with an experimental set-up specifically developed for the overset mesh validation and the motion of the floater was captured at a fairly accurate level.A prototype for an experimental tank was also developed and produced to validate the VOF set-up used for sloshing inside the tank which was utilized on the real tank but due to time limitation the experiments were not performed. The results from the parameter investigation showed that LCO was present in cases with high fuel level inside the tank 95 % and that an aggressive driving gives rise to a higher level of LCO compared to normal driving. Simulations with a fuel level of 85 % and lower showed no evidence of LCO for this particular tank model. The purging of the tank induced a pumping effect giving rise to a higher level of LCO pumped through by the floater.

I dagens samhälle cirkulerar stora mängder av reklambudskap genom olika digitala kanaler, vilket ställer högre krav på företagen att producera innehåll som är relevant, av nytta och värdeskapande för mottagaren. Innehållet har alltså betydelsefull roll för att ens nå ut till mottagare, vilket har lett till att marknadsföringsstrategin content marketing har vuxit med stormsteg de senaste åren. Ett företag som har använt content marketing under många år och visat stor framgång inom det är Volvo Trucks, vilket är ett av studiens fallstudieobjekt. Skånetrafiken är en organisation som nyligen har implementerat content marketing strategin i sitt marknadsföringsarbete, vilket är studiens andra fallstudieobjekt. Syftet med studien är att uppnå en ökad förståelse kring hur Volvo Trucks och Skånetrafiken använder content marketing i sina reklamfilmer idag, för att sedan öka insikten i hur Skånetrafiken kan utveckla sina reklamfilmer utifrån Volvo Trucks.För att analysera Volvo Trucks och Skånetrafikens reklamfilmer har fem näranalyser genomförts; tre av Volvo Trucks och två av Skånetrafiken. Därefter har en visuell low-fidelity- prototyp tagits fram för att påvisa hur Skånetrafiken skulle kunna utveckla sina reklamfilmer enligt Volvo Trucks användning av content marketing. Studiens resultat visade på att genom en utveckling av det underliggande budskapet och en ökning av igenkänningsfaktorn kan detta främja den känslomässiga reaktionen hos mottagaren och på så vis kommunicera det underhållande värdet. Prototypen visualiserar ett vardagligt händelseförlopp som består av ett barn som huvudkaraktär, en familjär miljö och ett tydligare underliggande budskap för att förmedla både det informativa och underhållande värdet. / In today's society, large volumes of advertising messages are circulated through different digital channels, which places higher demands on companies to create relevant, useful and value content for the customer. The content has a significant role in reaching out to the customers, which has led to the increasing growth of the strategy Content marketing (shortened CM in the paper) in the last few years. One company that has used CM for many years and proved successful in this is Volvo Trucks, which is one of the case study objects in this paper. Skånetrafiken is an organization that has recently implemented CM in its marketing work, which also is the papers case study object. The purpose of the study is to gain an increased understanding of how Volvo Trucks and Skånetrafiken use content marketing in their commercials, and then to gain insight into how Skånetrafiken can develop their commercials based on Volvo Trucks.To investigate which values Volvo Trucks is communicating and how Skånetrafiken can develop and improve its use of CM, five visual content analysis using Nordströms (1989) method called Näranalys, has been implemented; three of Volvo Trucks and two of Skånetrafiken. Subsequently, a visual low-fidelity prototype has been developed that shows how Skånetrafiken could develop its campaign film "Door closing" according to Volvo Trucks use of CM. The study's results showed that through the development of the underlying message and an increase in the recognition factor, this can promote the emotional response of the customer. The prototype visualizes an everyday storyline that consists of a child as the main character, a familiar environment and a clearer underlying message to communicate both the informative and entertaining value.

Most companies want to measure the performance of various areas of their operations. By doing so, it is easier to identify weaknesses or problems and take action to improve the performance in those areas. This study is conducted in collaboration with Volvo Penta North America and seeks to evaluate the possibilities of implementing a performance indicator for their dealers. The aim of this thesis is to investigate if there is a correlation between Volvo Penta’s evaluation system for their dealers, their Dealer Operating Standard score (DOS-Score) and their respective Sales Revenue, as well as the individual segments of the DOS and the Sales Revenue. In other words, if the evaluation system can be used as a performance indicator for how good the financial performance of a dealer is. The analysis is based on first-party data from Penta regarding the operation of Penta’s dealers. By using Linear Regression, it was found that the Adjusted R-Squared of the model with Aggregated DOS against Sales Revenue was 0.1403 and the Adjusted R-Squared for the model with the Segmented DOS against Sales Revenue was 0.1983. Thus, there is no significant correlation between the Aggregated DOS and Sales Revenue. However the results from the Segmented DOS-score against Sales Revenue indicates that it is possible to improve on the current DOS algorithm. Further research with more confounders considered is required to improve the model. / De flesta företag vill mäta resultatet av olika delar av verksamheten. På så sätt är det lättare att identifiera svagheter eller problem och vidta åtgärder för att förbättra resultaten inom dessa områden. Den här studien genomförs i samarbete med Volvo Penta North America och syftar till att utvärdera möjligheterna att införa en performance indicator för deras återförsäljare. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan Volvo Pentas utvärderingssystem, Dealer Operating Standard (DOS), för sina återförsäljare och deras respektive försäljningsintäkter, samt de enskilda segmenten av DOS och försäljningsintäkterna. Med andra ord, om utvärderingssystemet kan användas som en performance indicator för hur bra en återförsäljares ekonomiska resultat är. Analysen bygger på förstahandsdata från Penta om verksamheten hos återförsäljarna. Genom att använda linjär regression fann man att Adjusted R-Squared för modellen med Aggregerad DOS mot försäljningsintäkter var 0,1403 och Adjusted R-Squared för modellen med Segmenterad DOS mot försäljningsintäkter var 0,1983. Det finns alltså ingen signifikant korrelation mellan Aggregated DOS och försäljningsintäkter. Resultaten från det segmenterade DOS-värdet mot försäljningsintäkterna visar dock att det är möjligt att förbättra den nuvarande DOS-algoritmen. Det krävs ytterligare forskning där fler utomstående faktorer beaktas för att förbättra modellen.