Zugl.: Mannheim, University, Diss., 2006.

Submitted by FERNANDO ENRIQUE SERNA ALGARÍN null (ferse1129@gmail.com) on 2018-01-10T21:52:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese.pdf: 948147 bytes, checksum: 94d535ccc424f5f4201747cae4382d6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-01-12T15:54:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 algarin_fcs_dr_ift.pdf: 948147 bytes, checksum: 94d535ccc424f5f4201747cae4382d6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-12T15:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 algarin_fcs_dr_ift.pdf: 948147 bytes, checksum: 94d535ccc424f5f4201747cae4382d6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Nesta tese empregamos um modelo de interação de contato que preserva simetrias para estudar estrututura hadrônica e matéria de quarks. A interação de contato é uma representação de kernels não perturbativos usados em equações de Dyson-Schwinger e Bethe-Salpeter da Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD). A ideia básica do modelo está baseada num esquema de subtração que evita passos tradicionais no cálculo de de integrais divergentes que invariavelmente levam a violações de simetrias. Em temperatura zero, as equações de Dyson-Schwinger equation para os propagadores dos quarks u; d; s and c são resolvidas e amplitudes de estado ligado de Bethe-Salpeter, que respeitam a invariância sob translações espaço-temporais e as identidades de Ward-Takahashi associadas com simetrias globais da QCD, são obtidas para calcular as massas e as constantes de decaimento eletrofracas dos mésons pseudoscalares π; K, D e Ds e dos mésons vetorias ρ, K*, D* e Ds*. As predições do modelo estão em bom acordo com dados experimentais e da QCD na rede. Em adição, estendemos o modelo para temperaturas diferentes de zero; neste caso, o problema de violação de simetrias está restrito apenas às partes puramente divergentes porque os termos que dependem das distribuições térmicas são finitas e não requerem regularização. Finalmente, investigamos a dependência com a temperatura das contribuições das flutuações quânticas quark-π e quark-σ aos coeficientes de transporte de viscosidade de cisalhamento η e volumétrica ζ e as suas razões com a densidade de entropia s. As larguras térmicas originárias dessas fluctuações são calculadas com o formalismo de teoria de campos a temperatura finita de tempo real. Para esse cálculo, empregamos os resultados obtidos com as equações de Dyson-Schwinger e Bethe-Salpeter para a dependência com a temperatura das massas dos mésons e as contantes de acoplamento quark-méson. Os resultados para as razões η/s and ζ/s estão em bom acordo com resultados com a literatura obtidos com modelos e técnicas diferentes. Em particular, nossos resultados para η/s possuem um mínimo muito próximo ao limite inferior da conjectura AdS/CFT, η/s = 1/4π. / In thesis, a symmetry-preserving contact interaction model is used to study hadron structure and quark matter. The contact interaction is a representation of nonperturbative kernels used in Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The basic idea of the model is based on a subtraction scheme that avoids standard steps in the evaluation of divergent integrals that invariably lead to symmetry violation. At zero temperature, the Dyson-Schwinger equation is solved for the u; d; s and c quark propagators and the boundstate Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes respecting spacetime-translation invariance and the Ward-Green-Takahashi identities associated with global symmetries of QCD are obtained to calculate masses and electroweak decay constants of the pseudoscalar π; K, D and Ds and vector ρ, K*, D*, and Ds* mesons. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with available experimental and lattice QCD data. In addition, we extend the model to nonzero temperature; here, the problem of symmetry violation is associated only with the purely divergent parts because the effects due to the termal distributions are finite and do not need regularization. We compute the temperature dependence of the masses and decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons considered here. Finally, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the contributions of quark-π and quark-σ quantum fluctuations to the transport coefficients of shear η and bulk ζ viscosities and their ratios to the entropy density s. The quark thermal widths originating those fluctuations are calculated with the formalism of real-time thermal field theory. For these calculations, we have used the results obtained via Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations for the temperature dependence of constituent quark and meson masses and quark-meson couplings. The results for the ratios η/s and ζ/s are in fair agreement with results of the literature obtained from different models and techniques. In particular, our result for η/s has a minimum very close to the conjectured AdS/CFT lower bound, η/s = 1/4π. / CNPq:140041/2014-1

Background: Occupational stress is a global and complex phenomenon, and workers in developing countries can be affected by it (International Labour Organisation 2001). Staff within maternity settings have been identified as being at risk of suffering from stress, resulting in adverse health outcomes (Evenden and Sharpe, 2002). However, MWAs’ perceptions of stress have not been captured and are not reflected in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore MWAs’ perceptions of occupational stress, possible cause(s), the impact and support available and the coping methods they adopted within maternity care settings (hospital) in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative methodology. Husserl’s (1962) phenomenological approach was chosen as it enabled the researcher to collect rich, in-depth, descriptive accounts of the MWAs’ perceptions of the phenomenon under study through the use of semi-structured interviews. Findings: The major sources of stress for MWAs included work overload, long working hours, staff shortages, work exploitation and intensification and lack of support from senior staff. The stress levels MWAs experienced impacted on their health and well-being and resulted in related behavioural and physical reactions. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MWAs were exposed to similar stress factors experienced by other health workers and reported in the research literature. Additionally, it demonstrated the need for more qualitative studies to explore the perceptions of occupational stress among under-represented groups of healthcare workers. Importantly, this study created an opportunity to explore the experience of dedicated women facing challenging employment practices in hospital settings in Nigeria. Equally, it gave a voice to these unrecognised, almost invisible women, who were the MWAs that played a key role within the maternity services.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:25:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_naile_nunes_vaghetti.pdf: 2548969 bytes, checksum: 7869818d5174fd0ef45be9aa60ebf4b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-10 / The knowledge of relative humidity and its interactions with other variables helps plan of various activities, such as the operation of aeration systems for storing grain and seed, the cooling of environments for breeding and maintenance for environmental comfort. The Rio Grande do Sul state, in function of its geographical position, is a region strongly influenced by meteorological systems, in which the behavior of the relative humidity needs further study. The objective of this work was the study of the relative humidity behavior in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, was used data from monthly averages of 26 meteorological stations in the period 1975 to 2009. For this purpose, the homogeneous regions were determined through analysis of grouping and the grouping method of Ward that has better consistent with the climatic characteristics of the state, in which has been obtained four regions: R1, R2, R3 e R4. For all regions, was made a climatologically study through statistical parameters in order to analyze the climatic variability of this variable. The spatial distribution of relative humidity allowed observing that it has a high pattern in the entire state, being the coastal region the most humid. The relative humidity has only in Regions 2 and 3, a significant linear trend over time, with monthly increase of 0.006% and 0.005%, respectively. During the thirty five years, the monthly increase was 2.52% for the region 2 and 2.1% for the region 3. Was also applied the technique of harmonic analysis to humidity relative data. The proposed models of this harmonic analysis expressed the seasonality of this data with more than 80% of representatively, using for this, two or three sine waves. / O conhecimento da umidade relativa do ar e de suas interações com outras variáveis ajuda no planejamento das mais diversas atividades, tais como: a operação de sistemas de aeração de grãos e sementes armazenadas, a climatização de ambientes para criação de animais e a manutenção do conforto ambiental. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), em função de sua posição geográfica, é uma região que sofre bastante a influência de sistemas meteorológicos, sendo que o comportamento da umidade relativa carece de estudos mais aprofundados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o comportamento da umidade relativa em regiões homogêneas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando dados de médias mensais de 26 estações meteorológicas, do período de 1975 a 2009. Para isto, foram determinadas regiões homogêneas por meio da Análise de Agrupamento, sendo utilizado como método de agrupamento o método de Ward, o qual mostrou a melhor coerência com as características climáticas do Estado, sendo obtidas quatro regiões: R1, R2, R3 e R4. Para todas as regiões, fez-se um estudo climatológico através de parâmetros estatísticos com a finalidade de se observar a variabilidade climática desta variável. A distribuição espacial da umidade relativa permitiu observar que esta tem um padrão elevado em todo o Estado, sendo a região litorânea a mais úmida. A umidade relativa apresenta, somente nas Regiões 2 e 3, tendência linear significativa ao longo do tempo, com aumentos mensais de 0,006% e 0,005%, respectivamente. O longo dos 35 anos, o aumento mensal total foi de 2,52% para a Região 2 e 2,1% para a Região 3. Aplicou-se também aos dados de umidade relativa a técnica de análise harmônica. Os modelos propostos por esta análise harmônica expressaram a sazonalidade dos dados com mais de 80% de representatividade, utilizando para isto, duas ou três ondas senoidais.

This research is conducted within a postmodern and social construction discourse and in context of narrative and participatory pastoral care and therapy. It has been influenced by the voices of five contextual theologies: a participatory approach to practical theology, narrative, contextual, feminist and liberation theologies. The participatory action research seeks to highlight how narrative and participatory pastoral care and therapy with children at Mary Ward Children’s Home, Kwekwe, Zimbabwe creates an inclusive and caring community. It argues that though residential childcare facilities/children’s homes are considered the last resort in the childcare system, we are witnessing not their demise but their development due to the increased numbers of AIDS-orphans and other vulnerable children in our society. The research aims were:  To develop inclusive narrative and participatory pastoral care and therapy practices at the home.  To co-create narrative and participatory pastoral care and therapy practices that respect the knowledges of the children involved.  To develop an eco-spirituality as participatory pastoral care and therapy practice.  To explore and co-author creative practices of doing narrative and participatory pastoral care and therapy practices which will help the participants integrate into the Home and society. In conclusion, suggestions are made for a narrative and participatory pastoral care and therapy practice that is inclusive and caring. In terms of the experience of children living with disability and experiencing loss, as well as those children who have been abused, it is specifically described as therapeutic, empowering and life-giving. Therefore, home managers, caregivers and pastoral therapists are invited into an ethical and passionate practice of pastoral care and therapy that has the potential to transform the lives of children in a residential child care facility. / Thesis (D. Th. (Practical Theology))

Background: Occupational stress is a global and complex phenomenon, and workers in developing countries can be affected by it (International Labour Organisation 2001). Staff within maternity settings have been identified as being at risk of suffering from stress, resulting in adverse health outcomes (Evenden and Sharpe, 2002). However, MWAs’ perceptions of stress have not been captured and are not reflected in the literature. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore MWAs’ perceptions of occupational stress, possible cause(s), the impact and support available and the coping methods they adopted within maternity care settings (hospital) in Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a qualitative methodology. Husserl’s (1962) phenomenological approach was chosen as it enabled the researcher to collect rich, in-depth, descriptive accounts of the MWAs’ perceptions of the phenomenon under study through the use of semi-structured interviews. Findings: The major sources of stress for MWAs included work overload, long working hours, staff shortages, work exploitation and intensification and lack of support from senior staff. The stress levels MWAs experienced impacted on their health and well-being and resulted in related behavioural and physical reactions. Conclusion: This study confirmed that MWAs were exposed to similar stress factors experienced by other health workers and reported in the research literature. Additionally, it demonstrated the need for more qualitative studies to explore the perceptions of occupational stress among under-represented groups of healthcare workers. Importantly, this study created an opportunity to explore the experience of dedicated women facing challenging employment practices in hospital settings in Nigeria. Equally, it gave a voice to these unrecognised, almost invisible women, who were the MWAs that played a key role within the maternity services.

The purpose of this qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual study was to explore and describe nurses’ experiences of hostile behaviour from mentally ill patients in the psychiatric ward of a general hospital and to propose recommendations to the hospital management to support nurses who experienced hostile behaviour from mentally ill patients. Purposive sampling was used to identify the twelve nurses who participated in this study. Data were collected through in-depth face-to-face interviews, drawings and field notes. The data were analysed using Tesch’s descriptive method of open coding and the findings revealed that nurses experienced verbal abuse, physical abuse and sexual harassment from mentally ill patients, and had varied negative and positive responses to these forms of hostile behaviour. Main challenges were identified and recommendations were made to the hospital management to support nurses who experience hostile behaviour from mentally ill patients. / Health Studies / MA (Public Health)

As a facility that offers an important service to its users, a hospital can be considered as a production unit ; a unit that provides health-care service. Therefore, a range of factors that facilitate this service (i.e. healthcare) need to be considered when speaking of improving the productivity in a hospital ward. Evidence suggests that one of the main factors that affect the productivity level of a hospital ward is how the design of the hospital deals with access and circulation of the people inside the ward (e.g. Joseph and Ulrich, 2007). A productivity-oriented circulation system will need to improve staff performance; enhance patients safety, privacy and rate of recovery; minimise the risk of cross-infection; reduce the delay time of external service delivery; create a more welcoming environment for visitors; and reduce the evacuation time in emergency situations. Thus, the need to design ward layouts that benefit from the most effective circulation system cannot be over-emphasised. The study presented in this thesis focused on finding a method for identifying different systems of access and people circulation in hospital wards and how they could affect nursing staff productivity. The study comprised five main phases. The first phase involved a literature review of existing healthcare environments to identify different types of access and people circulation requirements. In the second phase, data on nursing staff s movements were collected from a case study. The third phase focused on categorising and modelling the existing approaches and layout design systems. Phase four provided a comparative study of different categories of people circulation designs and contrasted their advantages and disadvantages to improve access and people circulation. In the fifth and final phase, the study concluded with proposing guidelines for choosing between different layout options in the design of new hospital wards or the refurbishment of the existing ones. Findings of the study included: further empirical and analytical support for the impact of the ward design on nursing staff s performance; a ranking of the suitability of different design layouts for minimising staff s unnecessary walking in wards similar to the case study; the importance of considering different staff members needs in such analyses; and a ranking of the criticality of different routes within a ward.

Bakgrund: År 2015 infördes Patientlagen (SFS 2014:821) som slår fast att hälso- och sjukvården ska ge patienterna möjlighet att bli delaktiga i sin vård. Studier visar att patientdelaktighet kan förbättra kvaliteten på vården och har en betydelsefull del i att uppnå en säker vård för patienterna. På kirurgisk vårdavdelning inkommer patienter dygnet runt och är beroende av sjuksköterskan för att göras delaktiga i sin vård. Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienter som skrivs in akut upplever delaktighet gällande information och planering i samband med inskrivning av sjuksköterska på kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Metod: Kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer (15 deltagare). Datan analyserades med latent kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Huvudresultat: Patienter upplevde att det var viktigt att få information om sin vård och planering vid inskrivning på kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Både positiva och negativa upplevelser vid inskrivningen framkom och orsaken till detta grundades i sjuksköterskans bemötande. Vårdrelationen var viktig för att känna sig trygg i en utsatt situation och var förutsättning för att uppleva delaktighet. Patienterna berättade att delaktighet vid inskrivningen var att bli lyssnad på och att få en individuellt anpassad information. Slutsats: Patientdelaktighet vid inskrivning på kirurgisk vårdavdelning förutsätter att sjuksköterskan bjuder in patienten till delaktighet samt ger information på ett individanpassat sätt. Delaktighet är viktigt för att minska fel i vården, bedriva en lagstadgad vård och för tryggheten hos patienterna. För att klara lagkraven på vården behöver både patienter och vårdpersonal utbildning inom ämnet för att skapa en gemensam syn på vad delaktighet i vården innebär. / Background: In 2015 a new patient-law was launched in Sweden. It states that  healthcare should give the patients possibility to participate in their own care. Studies have shown that patient participation can improve the quality of care and reduce adverse events in healthcare. In surgical wards patients are admitted every hour of the day and they are dependent on the registered nurse to get involved in their care. Aim: To describe how patients admitted from the emergency department experience their participation during the enrollment with the nurse in the surgical ward with a specific focus on information and planning of the care. Methods: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews (n=15 participants). Data was analysed with content analysis according to Granheim and Lundman (2004). Results: The study showed that during the enrollment at the surgical ward patients experienced information about the care and the plan as important. Both positive and negative experiences during the enrollment were shown in the result. The reason was based on the nurses caring or uncaring relationship with the patient. The nurse-patient relationship was important for the patient to feel safe in an exposed situation and was a prerequiesite for participation. Patients talked about participation at the enrollment and pointed out that being listened to and personalized information as the most important. Conclusion: Patient participation at enrollment at the surgical ward requires the nurse to invite the patient to take part and gives information in a personalized manner. Participation is important to reduce errors in care, carry on a statutory care and to the safety for patients.  To manage the requirements of the patientlaw, both patients and staff needs education about the subject to create a mutual vision of what participation in care is.

SAMMANFATTNING   Bakgrund: Tidigare studier visar att patienter påverkas både fysiskt och psykiskt vid överflyttning från en miljö till en annan. Att överflyttas från den specialiserade, högteknologiska intensivvårdsavdelningen till en vårdavdelning kan skapa upplevelser och känslor av stress, oro, ångest, osäkerhet, depression, sömnstörningar, minnesbortfall, mardrömmar med mera. Syfte: Att utforska hur miljöns utformning för vårdandet påverkar patientens välbefinnande efter överflyttning från intensivvårdsavdelning till kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Metod: Syftet besvarades med hjälp av upprepade observationer med informella intervjuer av tre patienter som hade vårdats på en intensivvårdsavdelning och hade överflyttats till en kirurgisk vårdavdelning. Deduktiv innehållsanalys användes och utgick från en tidigare skapad modell av begreppet miljö. Resultat: Patienternas välbefinnande påverkades av miljön efter överflytten till den kirurgiska vårdavdelningen. Resultatet presenteras efter modellens kategorier atmosfär, omvärld, omgivning, medelpunkt och förhållande. Slutsats: Att överflyttas till en lägre vårdnivå som en vårdavdelning är en stor omställning för patienterna både fysiskt och psykiskt. Resultatet stödjer att det finns en kunskapslucka som består av skillnader i miljön, skillnader i sjuksköterskors kompetens och skillnader i kommunikationen mellan intensivvårdsavdelningar och vårdavdelningar. Det är viktigt att tydliga rutiner finns kring hur en intensivvårdspatient ska tas emot och vårdas vid överflyttningen till en vårdavdelning. För att miljöombytet inte ska bli för omfattande för patienten kan överflyttning först ske till en intermediärvårdsavdelning innan vidare överflyttning till en vårdavdelning sker. / ABSTRACT Background: Previous studies showed that patients are affected both physically and mentally when they transferring from one environment to another. To be transferred from the specialized, high-tech intensive care to a ward can create experiences and feelings of stress, worry, anxiety, insecurity, depression, sleep disorders, memory loss, and nightmares with more. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how environmental design for care affects the patient's well-being after transfer from intensive care to the surgical ward. Method: The aim was answered with help from repeated observations with informal interviews with three patients who had been treated in an intensive care unit and had been transferred to a surgical ward. Deductive content analysis was used and was based on a previously created model. Result: The patients' well-being was affected by the environment after transfer to the surgical ward. The results are presented according to the categories atmosphere, entourage, surroundings, midpoint and relationship. Conclusion: Be transferred to a lower level of care as a ward is a big change for the patients both physically and psychologically. The result supports that there is a knowledge gap which consist of differences in the environment, differences in nurses' skills and differences in communication between intensive care units and wards. It is important that there are clear procedures on how an intensive care patient to be received and cared for at the transfer to a ward. To move from one environment to another should not be too extensive for the patient can first be transfer place to an Intermediate Care Facility before further transfer to a ward occurs.