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ESTUDO DA CINÉTICA DA REAÇÃO QUÍMICA TRADICIONAL E ELETROQUÍMICA DE TETRABROMAÇÃO DO P-XILENO E DO 2,5-DICIANO-PXILENOArévalos Villalba, Cibeli May 13 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-11-29T18:26:31Z
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-13 / O texto deste trabalho esta dividido em três capítulos. No Capítulo 1 tem-se a revisão bibliográfica onde é apresentada a aplicação dos compostos orgânicos bromados, a principal forma de síntese destes e as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo devido o uso de solventes prejudiciais à camada de ozônio. Serão descritos métodos alternativos de sínteses, sendo que o mais abordado é o método eletroquímico usado, portanto neste trabalho, por meio do qual é possível realizar a bromação de anéis aromáticos e bromação de aromáticos na posição benzílica. Também serão apresentadas as aplicações dos compostos sintetizados: α, α α’, α’-tetrabromo-pxileno e α, α, α’, α’-tetrabromo-2,5-diciano-p-xileno. No Capítulo 2 são apresentados os estudos experimentais e teóricos, onde se buscou uma explicação para as diferenças observadas na reação química tradicional de tetrabromação benzílica no 2,5-diciano-p-xileno em comparação ao p-xileno. Para isso se realizou para cada composto a reação de Wohl-Ziegler por 10 horas, recolhendo-se amostras em cada tempo determinado, estas amostras formam analisadas por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Hidrogênio (RMN de H1) e Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-MS). Também foi realizado um estudo teórico de carga a partir de simulação computacional. O que se observa é que o composto contendo o substituinte nitrila apresenta uma reação de bromação mais lenta com a formação de quatro compostos intermediários, enquanto que para o composto sem substituinte a reação é mais rápida e apenas dois compostos intermediários são observados. No Capítulo 3 é descrito um método alternativo de síntese para a tetrabromação benzílica do 2,5-diciano-p-xileno e do p-xileno. A obtenção destes compostos ocorre usando-se reações eletroquímicas, onde não é necessário o uso de solventes de venda proibida (CCl4). Também se realizou um acompanhamento cinético, analisando-se as amostras coletadas por RMN de H1 e CG-MS, para fazer a comparação de síntese pelo método tradicional e eletroquímico. Sendo que a principal diferença observada é que no método eletroquímico as reações são mais lentas, também com este método é possível continuar adicionando bromos na posição benzílica ao composto p-xileno, obtendo-se este composto pentabromado e hexabromado. / The text of this paper is divided into three chapters. In Chapter 1 there is a bibliographic review where the application of brominated organic compounds is presented, the main form of synthesis of these and the changes that have been occurring due to the use of solvents harmful to the ozone layer. It will be described alternative methods of synthesis, and the most approached is the electrochemical method used, therefore in this work, through which it is possible to perform the bromination of aromatic rings and bromination of aromatics in the benzylic position. The applications of the synthesized compounds: α, α, α', α'-tetrabromo-p-xylene and α, α, α ', α'-tetrabromo-2,5-dicyano-p-xylene will also be presented. In Chapter 2 we present experimental and theoretical studies, where an explanation was sought for the differences observed in the traditional chemical reaction of benzylic tetrabromination in 2,5-dicyano-p-xylene compared to p-xylene. In order to do this, the reactions of Wohl-Ziegler were carried out for 10 hours. Samples were collected at each determined time. These samples were analyzed by Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1 NMR) and Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS). A theoretical load study was also carried out from a computer simulation. What is observed is that the compound containing the nitrile substituent has a slower bromination reaction with the formation of four intermediate compounds, whereas for the compound without substituent the reaction is faster and only two intermediate compounds are observed. In Chapter 3 an alternative method of synthesis for the benzylic tetra-bromination of 2,5-dicyano-p-xylene and p-xylene is described. The production of these compounds occurs using electrochemical reactions, where it is not necessary to use solvents of prohibited sale (CCl4). Also, a kinetic monitoring was performed, analyzing the samples collected by H1 NMR and CG-MS, to make the comparison of synthesis by the traditional and electrochemical method. As the main difference observed is that in the electrochemical method the reactions are slower, also with this method it is possible to continue adding bromines in the benzylic position to the compound p-xylene, obtaining this compound pentabromado and hexabromado.
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Análisis de la temática y de la técnica narrativa de la obra La lanza de Louis de WohlBustamante Perales, Luzmila Magdalena January 2019 (has links)
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo general: analizar cuáles son los elementos bíblicos, históricos, ficticios de la novela La Lanza de Louis de Wohl y qué recursos de técnica narrativa emplea. Esta investigación es cualitativa y estilística, ya que realiza el análisis, la interpretación y la valoración de una obra literaria. Se basa en la descripción. Una de las funciones principales es: la capacidad para seleccionar las características fundamentales del objeto de estudio y su descripción detallada. En cuanto a la metodología, se ha tomado en cuenta los siguientes pasos: primero se ha realizado el fichaje de obras especializadas para la elaboración del marco teórico y redacción del mismo. Segundo, desarrollo del marco teórico. Tercero, lectura contextualizada de la novela La Lanza para identificar sus elementos y recursos de técnica narrativa. Cuarto, identificación. Quinto elaboración de conclusiones y sexto, redacción del informe. Es importante mencionar que la obra es de gran valor formativo. En sus páginas encontramos las enseñanzas de Jesús que tienen como centro el amor a Dios y el amor a nuestros semejantes. Así mismo en ellas figuran la pasión, la crucifixión y la resurrección de Cristo, que es la más sublime enseñanza moral para todo ser humano.
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[en] PROSPECT THEORY AND THE BRAZILIAN INVESTOR IN A LOW INTEREST RATE SCENARIO / [pt] TEORIA DA PERSPECTIVA E O INVESTIDOR BRASILEIRO NUM CENÁRIO DE JUROS BAIXOSMARCOS THIAGO GUARCONI MIGUEIS 28 April 2022 (has links)
[pt] O presente estudo busca analisar o comportamento do investidor brasileiro
em diferentes ambientes de taxas de juros e compara esse comportamento com a
teoria tradicional de finanças e as finanças comportamentais. Além de dados
quantitativos disponíveis do mercado de capitais brasileiro, o estudo desenvolve
uma pesquisa qualitativa, observacional de campo – de autoria dos autores. A
pesquisa de campo busca adaptar para o mercado brasileiro o trabalho de Yoav
Ganzach and Avi Wohl (2018) A Behavioral Theory of the Effect of the Risk-Free
Rate on the Demand for Risky Assets que sugere que taxas de juros mais baixas
mudam a propensão a tomar risco por parte dos investidores. Esse tipo de
abordagem vai de encontro ao que sugere a microeconomia clássica, segundo a
qual, o que importa é o prêmio de risco, ou o retorno superior ao retorno sem risco.
Dito de outra forma, segundo a literatura clássica, o nível de retorno livre de risco
não importa. O presente trabalho reproduz experimentos no mercado brasileiro
visando compreender se prêmio de risco é uma variável relevante ou se o nível de
juros altera a forma de se investir. Além disso o trabalho busca entender se há
distinção entre investidores de varejo e de alta renda. / [en] The present study analyses the behaviour of brazilian investors in different
interest rate environments and compares this behaviour with traditional theory of
finance and behavioural finance. In addition to quantitative data available from the
Brazilian capital market, the study develops a qualitative, observational field
research – authored by the authors. The field research seeks to adapt the work of
Yoav Ganzach and Avi Wohl (2018) A Behavioral Theory of the Effect of the
Risk-Free Rate on the Demand for Risky Assets that suggests that lower interest
rates change investors propensity to take risk. This type of approach goes against
what the classical microeconomy suggests, according to which, what matters is the
risk premium, or the higher return to risk-free return. Put another way, according to
classical literature, the level of risk-free return does not matter. The present work
reproduces experiments in the Brazilian market to understand whether risk premium
is a relevant variable or if the level of interest changes the way of investing. In
addition, the paper seeks to understand whether there is a distinction between retail
and high-income investors.
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Musikalischer Salonstil: Vernetzung von Poesie, Salonkultur und Kompositionsstil als Aspekt weiblicher KulturJeßulat, Ariane 22 September 2023 (has links)
Der Beitrag untersucht an Hand von Fanny Hensels Lied Ich kann wohl manchmal singen die Konstruktionsprinzipien eines intertextuelles musikalischen Idioms. Dabei spielen nicht nur Vorbildkompositionen, hier Ludwig van Beethovens Klaviersonate Op. 14/2 eine wesentliche Rolle, sondern auch der kulturelle Hintergrund der Textvorlage sowie die Rezeptionsgeschichte der musikalischen Vorlage. Da sowohl Joseph von Eichendorffs Roman Ahnung und Gegenwart als auch die einschlägige Rezeption von Beethovens Klaviersonate op. 14/2 durch Adolf Bernhard Marx eine starke gendertheoretische Konnotation haben, spielt dieser Metaphernhof in die Analyse des Liedes hinein mit der Hypothese, dass Fanny Hensel vor dem Hintergrund und mit den Mitteln einer gerade in der Salonkultur gepflegten interdisziplinären Konversation einen künstlerischen Beitrag zum Gender-Diskurs der Biedermeierzeit geleistet hat. / The article examines the construction principles of an intertextual musical idiom on the basis of Fanny Hensel’s song Ich kann wohl manchmal singen. Not only do model compositions play an important role, in this case Ludwig van Beethoven’s Piano Sonata Op. 14/2, but also the cultural background of the text as well as the reception history of the musical model. Since both Joseph von Eichendorff’s novel Ahnung und Gegenwart and the relevant reception of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata op. 14/2 by Adolf Bernhard Marx have a strong gender-theoretical connotation, this metaphorical court of metaphors plays into the analysis of the song with the hypothesis that Fanny Hensel made an artistic contribution to the gender discourse of the Biedermeier period against the background and with the means of an interdisciplinary conversation cultivated especially in salon culture.
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Der Rolf–Joseph-Preis - Wie aus einer Zeitzeugenbegegnung ein Schülerwettbewerb wurdeSösemann, Pia Sophie 19 January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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EINBLENDUNGEN. Teil 2: DINGEPraetorius-Rhein, Johannes Praetorius-Rhein, Lea Wohl von Haselberg, Wohl von Haselberg, Lea 19 January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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...And Reconcile Us With Evil : A Critical Investigation of the Imagery of Good and Evil in Western Religion, Film and PoliticsGellrich, Arne L January 2016 (has links)
With an eye on the current social and political situation in Europe, and with regards to the so-termed refugee crisis, this study aims to map the discourse on assumed good and evil shared among Western cultures, as represented by Sweden, Germany and the United States. The thesis takes its point of departure from essayistic reflections of the philosophical tradition and theological and religious analytical positions respectively. These are then followed by two investigative main chapters, designed along the lines of Norman Fairclough’s approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA). The first of these chapters studies the narratives of good and evil employed in the mainstream cinema of the past ten years in the mentioned countries. The second analysis is made up of three case studies, in turn looking at similar narratives in the campaigns of the two main competitors in the 2016 presidential race, a German protest movement against free trade agreements, and the everyday political communication of Swedish Facebook users. In a final chapter, findings from all four preceding chapters are brought together in an attempt to sketch an image of the congruences and discrepancies of narratives on good and evil in the overall discursive field. The thesis finds that the discursive field shared by the three investigated societies is largely homogenous, with certain imagery permeating all analysed orders of discourse. Many of the reoccurring images are however likely rooted in the human psyche and therefore less dependent on discourse practice. Furthermore, certain principles are agreed upon in theory while not reproduced in social practice. Themes assigned to either good or evil often seem to take on secondary functions next to assumed fixed identities of in- and out-groups. Being a qualitative study, this thesis aims at giving an overview and delivering a base for further investigations rather than providing definitive answers.
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