Orientador: Glaucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano / Dissertação (Mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T19:51:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_JoseLuizVieira_M.pdf: 1966190 bytes, checksum: 9efee402598d2c7ca59b34dcd81d0a4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Dentre todos os tipos, o câncer de colo do útero é o que apresenta um dos mais altos potenciais de prevenção e cura, chegando perto de 100%, quando diagnosticado precocemente. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a proporção de mulheres com resultados alterados nas Unidades da Região da Supervisão de Saúde da Penha (20 unidades) que fazem o acompanhamento preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde e a proporção de Unidades com fluxos de acompanhamento corretos e como as unidades estão fazendo o acompanhamento destes exames alterados. Utilizou-se para isto a verificação da existência dos livros de registro de exames, seu preenchimento correto, e a coleta de dados de tempo e resultados destes exames. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, tabelas de distribuição de frequências e análise de correlação de Spearman. Verificou-se que na amostra avaliada os indivíduos apresentaram em média 32 anos (Intervalo de confiança de 95%), maior prevalência de NIC (Neoplasia Intra Epitelial) I (79,3%) e o tempo entre coleta de exame e diagnóstico final de 91 a 123 dias. Encontraram-se apenas nove unidades em conformidade com Protocolos de Seguimento do Ministério da Saúde. Concluiu-se que a implantação de protocolos é fator preponderante para um melhor seguimento dos exames alterados de Papanicolaou / Abstract: Among all the cancer of the cervix is the one that presents the highest potential for prevention and cure, reaching close to 100% when diagnosed early. This study evaluated the proportion of women with abnormal results of the Units of the Region's health Penha Supervision (20 units) that are having follow-up recommended by the Ministry of Health and the proportion of units with proper monitoring flows and how the units are following up of abnormal tests. It was used for this verification of the existence of the records of examinations, your correct completion, and data collection time and results of these tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution tables and Spearman correlation analysis. It was found that individuals in the sample had an average of 32 years (confidence interval 95%), higher prevalence of NIC (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasms) I (79.3%) and the time between collection and examination of final diagnosis 91 and 123 days. We found only nine units in accordance with follow-up protocols of the Ministry of Health concluded that the implementation of protocols is an important factor for better tracking of abnormal results of Papanicolaou / Mestrado / Odontologia em Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva

Orientador: Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T22:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Senicato_Caroline_M.pdf: 3202832 bytes, checksum: f60916a87fc11b0b7b32b1b72c9162b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A ocupação da mulher no mercado de trabalho e seu papel central no núcleo familiar, na organização e cuidado da moradia e da família, incluindo a amamentação, a criação dos filhos e o cuidado de familiares idosos e doentes, diferenciam-se dependendo do segmento socioeconômico a que pertencem e isso influencia distintamente no perfil de saúde e morbidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar desigualdades sociais no estado de saúde e uso de serviços de saúde segundo o nível de escolaridade de mulheres adultas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra por conglomerados. Analisaramse 508 mulheres de 20 a 59 anos de idade residentes na área urbana do município de Campinas, participantes do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de Campinas - ISACAMP 2008. Foram estimadas prevalências e razões de prevalências ajustadas, utilizando modelos de regressão simples e múltipla de Poisson e considerando as ponderações relativas ao desenho amostral. Mulheres de menor nível educacional apresentaram pior condição de vida e maior prevalência de hipertensão, problemas circulatórios, dor de cabeça/enxaqueca, tontura/vertigem, obesidade, transtorno mental comum (SRQ-20), saúde autorreferida como ruim ou muito ruim, uso de prótese dentária e deficiência visual, e menor prevalência de uso de óculos ou lentes. Mas, não houve diferença entre os dois segmentos sociais de mulheres na prevalência de uso de serviços de saúde nas duas últimas semanas, no uso de medicamentos nos últimos três dias, no autoexame mensal das mamas, no exame clínico das mamas no último ano, no exame de Papanicolaou nos últimos três anos, nas hospitalizações e cirurgias no último ano, e na vacinação contra rubéola em algum momento da vida. Diferenças significativas foram observadas apenas quanto ao acesso aos serviços odontológicos no último ano e à mamografia nos últimos dois anos. O estudo detectou a presença de desigualdades sociais em diversos indicadores do estado de saúde e a presença de equidade no acesso a vários componentes dos serviços de saúde, apontando a potencialidade do SUS na redução das iniquidades na saúde da mulher no município / Abstract: The occupation of women in the labor market and its central role within the family, the organization and care of the house and the family, including breastfeeding, raising children and care of elderly and sick, differs according to socioeconomic segment belonging and that distinctly influences of health and morbidity profile. The present study assessed the inequalities in health status and use of health services according to educational status between adult women. It is population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with conglomerate sampling. Were analyzed 508 women between 20 and 59 years of age from the urban area of Campinas, participants in the Health Survey the city of Campinas - ISACAMP 2008. Prevalence values were estimated and prevalence ratios were adjusted using Poisson regression and considering weights related to the sampling design. Women with a lower level of schooling had a poorer quality of life and greater prevalence values for hypertension, circulatory problems, headache/migraine, dizziness/vertigo, obesity, common mental disorders (SRQ-20), worse self-reported health, use of dental prosthesis and visual impairment, but a lower prevalence of glasses. No differences between groups were found regarding in the use of health services in the previous two weeks, use of medication in the previous three days, monthly breast self-examination, clinical breast examination in the previous year, Pap smears in the previous three years, hospitalizations and surgeries in the previous year, and rubella vaccination in life. Significant differences were only to dental visits in the previous year and mammograms in the previous two years. This study demonstrate social inequalities in different health status indicators and equity in access to some health service components, pointing to the potential of SUS in reducing inequities in women's health in the municipality / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-10-14T18:28:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana Asturiano da Silva.pdf: 3962425 bytes, checksum: 5d3a6a7e421c8a6a839f11a2b5a04933 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T18:28:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana Asturiano da Silva.pdf: 3962425 bytes, checksum: 5d3a6a7e421c8a6a839f11a2b5a04933 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde / O objeto deste estudo é a ótica valorativa dos profissionais da saúde acerca da assistência pré-natal. O pré-natal é um forte aliado na luta contra a morbimortalidade materna, perinatal e neonatal, e, neste aspecto, os valores vivenciados pelos profissionais influenciarão diretamente neste cuidado. Os objetivos foram: compreender os valores intuídos nos discursos dos profissionais da saúde sobre a assistência realizada no pré-natal na Rede de Atenção Básica do Município de Niterói; analisar, com base na Teoria dos Valores de Max Scheler, os valores intuídos nos discursos dos profissionais que vivenciam a consulta pré-natal; discutir, com base na Teoria dos Valores de Max Scheler, a relação entre os valores intuídos na ótica dos profissionais de saúde na assistência pré-natal na Rede de Atenção Básica do Município de Niterói e as Políticas de Saúde em vigor. Optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa fenomenológica, utilizando um estudo descritivo, exploratório, no campo da Teoria dos Valores Max Scheler. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada individual, elaborado a partir dos objetivos estabelecidos, possibilitando ao entrevistado discorrer sobre o tema em questão. Os cenários da pesquisa foram quatro Unidades de Saúde na Atenção Básica da Prefeitura de Niterói. Foram entrevistados quatorze (14) profissionais da saúde, lotados nas Policlínicas, os quais participam do pré-natal. Para tratamento dos dados foi realizada a análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática segundo proposta de Bardin, viabilizando uma sistematização dos dados e, assim, facilitando a análise das falas. Emergiram as seguintes categorias: “O valor vínculo como processo de qualidade para consulta pré-natal: um valor do perceber afetivo vital”; “O olhar para a prevenção como valor vital na consulta do pré-natal”; “Recursos humanos um valor útil no campo da garantia do pré-natal qualificado”. Nesta pesquisa, foi focada a questão do pré-natal enquanto um valor preferencial para a sociedade, um valor vital, e por isso é contra valor quando não conseguirmos oferta-lo da melhor forma. Os resultados apontam para uma realidade diferente da recomendada pelas Políticas Públicas. A dificuldade na criação de vínculo entre profissionais e gestantes, problemas de acessibilidade aos exames do pré-natal, precariedade no que diz respeito a recursos humanos e materiais necessários ao cuidado pré-natal, foram problemas que emergiram das falas dos profissionais participantes do presente estudo. Esforços devem ser somados para que a configuração da rede de atenção ao pré-natal tenha uma melhora no provimento de condições básicas para adequação deste acompanhamento, e o profissional da saúde é fundamental tanto na articulação de redes quanto no atendimento integral das necessidades das gestantes, em prol de um avanço da assistência. Nesse sentido, o poder público deve priorizar aspectos vitais para a sociedade, como é o caso da Saúde, para que não mais ocorram essas falhas graves que podem contribuir para um aumento significativo da mortalidade materna, perinatal e neonatal. / The object of this study is the evaluative perspective of health professionals about the prenatal care. Prenatal is a strong ally in the fight against maternal, perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and, from this point of view, the values experienced by professionals directly influence this care. The objectives were: to understand the intuited values in the discourse of health professionals on assistance performed prenatally on Basic Care Network of the city of Niterói; analyze, based on the theory of Max Scheler values, the values intuited in the speeches of professionals who experience prenatal visit; discuss, based on the theory of Max Scheler values, the relationship between the values intuited from professionals’of health point of view in prenatal care in Primary care Network of the city of Niterói and in current health Policy. We opted for the phenomenological qualitative approach, using a descriptive, exploratory study, in the field of Max Scheler Theory. As data collection instrument, we used a semi-structured individual interview guide, according to the established objectives, which enabled the interviewee discuss the issue. The scenarios of the research were four Primary Health Care Units of municipal government in Niterói. Fourteen (14) health professionals were interviewed, in Polyclinics, who participate of prenatal care. For treatment of data the content analysis was performed in the thematic mode as proposed by Bardin, enabling systemise data and thus simplify the analysis of the speeches. The following categories emerged: "The bond value as quality process for prenatal visit: a value of vital affection notice"; "An eye to prevention as a key value in the prenatal visit"; "Human resources as useful value in the field of qualified prenatal guarantee". This research was focused on the issue of prenatal care as a preferencial value to society, a vital value, and therefore it is an opposite value when we cannot offer the best way. The results point to a different reality as recommended by the Public Policy. The difficulty in creating bonds between professionals and pregnant women, accessibility problems to prenatal exams, precarious of the human and material resources needed in prenatal care, they were issues that emerged from the speeches of the participants of this professional study. Efforts should be added to the configuration of prenatal care network, so that there is an improvement in the provision of basic conditions for adequacy of this monitoring. Therefore the health professional is crucial both in the articulation of networks and in fully meeting the needs of pregnant women, in favor of advancing assistance. In this sense, the government should prioritize vital aspects to society, such as Health, so serious flaws that can contribute to a significant increase in the mother, neonatal and perinatal mortality do not occur anymore.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-07T16:48:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 michellebarbosamoratorio.pdf: 1053329 bytes, checksum: 225bb5f46530c8fcd13caa835567382d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:50:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 michellebarbosamoratorio.pdf: 1053329 bytes, checksum: 225bb5f46530c8fcd13caa835567382d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:51:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 michellebarbosamoratorio.pdf: 1053329 bytes, checksum: 225bb5f46530c8fcd13caa835567382d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:51:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 michellebarbosamoratorio.pdf: 1053329 bytes, checksum: 225bb5f46530c8fcd13caa835567382d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo de natureza qualitativa teve como objetivo compreender os significados das mulheres e desvelar os sentidos do vivido do trabalho de parto e parto em um Centro de Parto Normal Intra-hospitalar. Foram utilizados a abordagem fenomenológica como método de pesquisa e o pensamento de Martin Heidegger como referencial teórico-metodológico. Foram depoentes 15 mulheres que vivenciaram o trabalho de parto em uma instituição filantrópica no interior de Minas Gerais. Através da entrevista fenomenológica, emergiram as estruturas essenciais, sendo então realizado o primeiro momento metódico, a saber, a compreensão vaga e mediana, a qual permitiu a construção de duas Unidades de Significação: O processo de parturição e nascimento é doloroso e sofredor, mas acabou, acabou... a recuperação é mais rápida do que a cesárea; No processo de parturição, o soro aumenta a dor, o chuveiro ajuda bem e, quando você escuta alguém falando com você, acaba fortalecendo mais. A partir dessa compreensão vaga e mediana, foi possível elaborar o fio condutor o qual conduziu para o segundo momento metódico, a compreensão interpretativa ou hermenêutica. Foi desvelado que, no fenômeno do trabalho de parto e parto a mulher, mostra-se na disposição do terror, principalmente durante a realização das intervenções obstétricas trazidas pelas mulheres como desconfortáveis e dolorosas. Essas intervenções são realizadas por meio da solicitude substitutiva-dominadora, quando os profissionais tomam frente das decisões sem possibilitar que a parturiente participe e decida sobre o seu cuidado. Em contrapartida, algumas intervenções obstétricas são referidas pelas mulheres como boas. Durante a realização das mesmas, os profissionais demonstram uma solicitude antecipativa-liberatória, sendo desvelada uma pré-ocupação-com que não substitui a mulher e sim um estar-junto em um modo de dis-posição comprometido com o bem estar do outro. A mulher traz à luz que a valorização da equipe de enfermagem e médica não está relacionada apenas com a execução de tarefas, pelo contrário, elas se sentem melhor cuidadas quando esses profissionais oferecem uma assistência que vê o outro como um ser que pensa, que possui sentimentos e que tem possibilidades de escolha. / This qualitative study is aimed at understanding the meanings assigned among women and unveiling the senses of lived experiences of labor and delivery in an Intra-hospital Birth Center. It was used the phenomenological approach as a research method and Martin Heidegger’s thought as a theoretical methodological framework. Fifteen women who have delivered their babies in a philanthropic institution in the countryside of Minas Gerais state were interviewed. Through the phenomenological interview essential structures emerged being performed the first methodical moment called vague and median understanding which allowed the construction of two units of signification: The process of labor and birth is painful and suffering however it is over, over... recovery is faster than cesarean section; In the process of parturition the pain is increased by intravenous infusion, the shower is useful and when you hear someone talking to you it makes you feel stronger. From the vague and median understanding it was possible to draw up the central research thread which led to the second methodical moment, the interpretive understanding or hermeneutics. Through labor and childbirth it was shown the disposition to terror in women particularly during some obstetric interventions considered as uncomfortable and painful by them. These interventions are performed through a mode of solicitude which dominates and replaces, the moment in which the professionals make the decisions without giving the mother the chance to participate and decide about her health care. In contrast some obstetric interventions are considered good by women. While performing these interventions, the professionals demonstrate a solicitude which leaps forth and liberates, revealing a kind of concern with being-with that does not replace the woman but a being together with dis-position fully committed to the well-being of the other. Women understand that the appreciation of medical and nursing staffs is not only related to performing tasks. On the contrary, they feel well cared when these professionals deliver health care just seeing the other as a thinking human being with feelings, a real being-of-possibilities.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-12T17:05:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renatacristinajustodearaujo.pdf: 661309 bytes, checksum: 6b4552261e526a4ac2b47d6e88621eb4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:22:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renatacristinajustodearaujo.pdf: 661309 bytes, checksum: 6b4552261e526a4ac2b47d6e88621eb4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:23:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renatacristinajustodearaujo.pdf: 661309 bytes, checksum: 6b4552261e526a4ac2b47d6e88621eb4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T17:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renatacristinajustodearaujo.pdf: 661309 bytes, checksum: 6b4552261e526a4ac2b47d6e88621eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Resumo da Dissertação de Mestrado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Enfermagem. O objeto desta investigação foi o ser mulher jovem gestante convivendo com o HIV. O objetivo foi desvelar os sentidos advindos desta condição durante a gestação de mulheres jovens que convivem com o HIV. Elegeu-se a fenomenologia, fundada no referencial teórico filosófico de Martin Heidegger como método de investigação. Estudo desenvolvido no Serviço de Assistência Especializada em um município da Zona da Mata Mineira com seis jovens gestantes portadoras do HIV. Utilizou-se a entrevista fenomenológica, através da técnica da entrevista aberta e um questionário. A compreensão vaga e mediana permitiu elaborar o fio condutor num movimento da compreensão do vivido da gestação sendo soropositiva e a interpretação do sentido do que é ser mulher jovem convivendo com o HIV.A vivência da gestação sendo soropositiva se inicia com a lembrança da notícia da gestação como sendo um momento marcante, para algumas, de não aceitação, porém, às vezes, desejada e até mesmo planejada; convivem com a possibilidade de transmitir o vírus para os filhos, o que causa medo e insegurança, porém sabem que o uso correto do medicamento e a crença em Deus fortalecem a esperança da criança nascer saudável e até mesmo da cura. Na compreensão interpretativa desvelou-se o sentido do ser-aí no mundo em sua existencialidade, mostrando seu movimento no cotidiano, com experiências e sentimentos diversificados do seu ser no mundo com os outros, assumindo o lugar de protagonista de suas vivências, mostrando-se na dupla facticidade: ser jovem gestante e portadora do vírus. Demonstra que, às vezes, não queria estar grávida, mas aceita bem essa atual situação vivenciando alternância de sentimentos. No movimento de existir-sendo, vivenciam seu passado e sabem que não tem outro caminho a não ser, seguir ir em frente, se relacionam com seus pares, sua família, escola e comunidade, assumem a identidade impessoal, mostram-se como todas as gestantes e não divulga que tem o vírus. Vivem com-os-outros, o temor de ser rejeitada por ser soropositiva, mantendo o anonimato de sua sorologia. Projeta seu futuro, mostrando-se aberta às possibilidades da vida, como de qualquer outra jovem não soropositiva, porém com particularidades que a soropositividade lhe traz. Tem conhecimento sobre a doença e sabe dos benefícios do tratamento, não se sentem doentes, apesar de relatar os efeitos desagradáveis dos antiretrovirais. / Abstract from the Dissertation to the Graduate Program in Nursing at the Juiz de Fora Federal University as part of the requirements for obtaining the title of Master in Nursing. The purpose of this investigation was to being young pregnant women living with HIV. The objective was to reveal the aspects coming from this condition during pregnancy of young women living with HIV. It was elected the phenomenology, based on philosophical theoretical reference by Martin Heidegger as a research method. The study was developed in the Specialized Assistance Service- Serviço de Assistência Especializada- in a city in Zona da Mata Mineira with six young pregnant women with HIV. It was used the phenomenological interview, using the technique of open interview and a questionnaire. The vague understanding enabled to prepare the progressive movement to understanding the lives of pregnant women being HIV positive and the interpretation of the meaning of being a young woman living with HIV.The experience of being HIV positive pregnancy begins with the memory of the pregnancy news to be a defining moment for some women, not acceptance but sometimes desired and even planned; They live with the possibility of transmitting the virus to their children, which causes fear and insecurity, but they know that the correct use of medication and their faith and belief in God strengthen the hope that child will born healthy and even healed. The interpretive understanding unveiled the sense of being present in the world in its existentiality, showing their movement in daily life, experiences and diverse feelings of being in the world with others, taking over from protagonist role of their lives, showing up the double factuality: being young and pregnant women carrying the HIV virus. It shows that sometimes did not want to be pregnant but well accept this current situation experiencing alternating feelings. In the movement their existance, they experience their past and they know no other way go, so they go ahead, relating to their partners, family, school and community, taking the impersonal identity, it shows how all pregnant and they do not reveal they have the virus. Living with-others, the fear of being rejected for being HIV positive, maintaining the anonymity of their HIV status. Design your future, that it was open to the possibilities of life like any other young woman did not have HIV positive, but with peculiarities that having HIV brings. Once having knowledge about the disease and knowig the benefits of treatment, do not feel sick, despite reporting the unpleasant effects of antiretrovirals.

Risky sexual practices can lead to concerning public health issues, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy. Coercive or deceptive behaviors by one’s partner to engage in risky practices may be one factor contributing to sexual risk. This study examined experiences of sexual risk coercion and deception, including partner sexual infidelity, coerced condom nonuse, and fear of negative partner reaction to condom request, as predictors of engagement in sexual risk behaviors, including condom use, safer sex communication, and lifetime number of sexual partners. Self-esteem was examined as a moderator. College students (N = 216) were recruited through the ETSU Sona System to complete self-report surveys via the REDCap survey platform. Using SPSS, linear regression analyses and PROCESS moderation analyses were performed. In analyses of covariance, gender, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation made no significant contributions to the models. Partner sexual infidelity significantly predicted lifetime number of sexual partners (F(1, 210) = 11.042, p = .001, β = 3.088, SE = .929), R2 = .050. Self-esteem was found to be a significant moderator of this relationship (F(1, 197) = 8.759, p = .0035). Fear of negative partner reaction to condom request significantly predicted lifetime number of sexual partners (F(1, 213) = 4.930, p = .027, β = 2.609, SE = 1.175), R2 = .023. Future research should continue to examine the psychosocial determinants of sexual behaviors, as increased understanding will inform more effective sexual risk intervention to reduce HIV, other STIs, and unplanned pregnancy among college populations.

Contraceptive usage for spacing of childbirth is an important indicator for understanding family planning practices as well as fertility transitions. Fertility transition are especially important in sub-Saharan Africa where fertility remains high in many countries. However, estimates and short-term projections are generally not available for countries in this region. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical time series model to estimate and project usage of contraceptives for spacing by 5-year age groups for all countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the years 1985-2030. Estimating country-age-year specific usage is challenging due to limited data availability. We use Bayesian hierarchical models to share information across countries and spline regression to share information across age groups. Temporal changes are captured with logistic growth curves and autocorrelated distortion terms. Models are validated with out of sample exercises which test the model's ability to project into the future as well as the models ability to estimate historical trends. Validation results show the model is well calibrated. Estimates reveal noteworthy variability across countries and across age groups.

Legal induced abortion is a safe option for terminating a pregnancy for women of reproductive age in the United States (U.S.), though access has varied since the Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton cases in 1973. Information is lacking on women’s attitudes toward and perceptions of abortion as well as on related constructs such as pregnancy attitudes and contraceptive use. Exploring these constructs is important in that it can provide much needed context to women’s reproductive life planning. This research aimed to explore perceptions of abortion access and safety and examine the potential associations between attitudes toward abortion access and pregnancy avoidance and contraceptive use, respectively, among women living in Alabama and South Carolina. Secondary data were from two representative, statewide surveys of reproductive-aged women (18-44 years) living in Alabama and South Carolina. This mixed-methods research used thematic analysis to categorize open-ended responses regarding perceptions of abortion access and safety and bivariate (χ2 tests) and multivariate analyses to assess the relationships between abortion attitudes and pregnancy avoidance and contraceptive use, respectively. In Study 1, half of women (50.0%) thought that an abortion was very or somewhat easy to obtain and less than half women (41.2%) perceived abortion as very or somewhat safe in their state. The most common open-ended response themes were abortion legality and restrictions and abortion as similar to any medical procedure. In Study 2, women who were ambivalent about pregnancy avoidance or who found it unimportant to avoid pregnancy were less likely to agree that safe, effective, and affordable methods of abortion care should be available to women in their community compared to those who found it important to avoid pregnancy (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), 0.53 and 0.55, respectively). In Study 3, contraceptive users were more likely to agree that safe, effective, and affordable methods of abortion should be available to women in their community than contraceptive non-users (aOR, 1.43). There are clear opportunities for key stakeholders in reproductive health and health policy to unite in efforts to create woman-centered practices, programs, and policies to meet the reproductive health needs of the women they serve.

Women’s rights have been recognized by national, regional and international human rights instruments. In Africa particularly, both the African Charter and the African Women Protocol provide for the right to health. However, the continent offers the highest rate of women suffering from fistula. This paper aims to answer the question whether the current level of governments’ response to the plight of victims of obstetric fistula, complies with the requirements of international human rights law. It looks at whether the consideration of victims of fistula from a right-based approach will contribute to affordability and free access to treatment for women suffering from the disease / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Doutor Gilles Cistac, of the faculty of law, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Bakgrund: Ett hälsofrämjande arbete och arbete för förbättrat omhändertagande av kvinnor efter förlossning kan på sikt bidra till minskad funktionsnedsättning och sjukfrånvaro, vilket är viktigt inte bara för individen utan även för samhället. För fysioterapeutiska åtgärder efter förlossning finns inga etablerade rutiner eller riktlinjer för uppföljning efter förlossning vilket skulle kunna medföra att den vård som erbjuds ser olika ut eller inte är tillgänglig på lika villkor för alla. Det saknas i litteraturen beskrivning av kliniska erfarenheter från fysioterapeuter som arbetar med kvinnors hälsa. Syfte: Beskriva fysioterapeuters upplevelser och erfarenheter av arbetet i primärvården med kvinnors hälsa efter förlossning. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie. Tio fysioterapeuter verksamma inom kvinnors hälsa i primärvården intervjuades med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Analys av materialet har skett genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i ett övergripande tema; Mot lika villkor som formats efter kategorierna Kroppen i fokus, Fånga upp och Behov av förändring. Fysioterapeuter inom kvinnors hälsa uttrycker att de kan och vill hjälpa kvinnor efter förlossning, men att det finns en okunskap inom egna professionen men även hos andra kring deras kompetens. Okunskapen kan påverka möjligheten till fysioterapeutisk vård om informationen om möjligheten till vård inte når ut till kvinnor med potentiellt vårdbehov. Slutsats: I studien beskrivs utvecklingsarbete gällande interprofessionella samarbeten och ett rutinmässigt uppföljningsbesök till fysioterapeut efter förlossning potentiellt kunna förbättra omhändertagandet och vården för kvinnor efter förlossning. / Background: Working to improve the care of women after childbirth can contribute to reduced disability and absence from work, which is important not only for the individual but also for the society. There are no established routines or guidelines for physical therapist postpartum follow-up, which could result in that care is not offered on equal terms. In the literature the clinical experience of physical therapists working with women's health postpartum is not yet described. Aim: Describe physical therapists experiences of working in primary health care with postpartum care. Method: Qualitative interview study with inductive approach. Ten physical therapists educated in women's health working in primary care were interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed. The material has been analyzed with latent qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The analysis resulted in a theme; Towards the same conditions. The theme was formed by the three categories Body in focus, Give attention and Need for change. Physical therapists in women's health say that they can and want to help women after childbirth, but there is a lack of knowledge about their competence in their own profession as well as among other professions. Women with needs might not obtain physical therapy care because of thus knowledge gap. Conclusion: In this study interprofessional collaborations and a routine appointment to a physical therapist is described as factors that has potential to improve the postpartum care.