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Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-03-05T21:54:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O _vers?o final_.pdf: 6052027 bytes, checksum: a0b13d101f0ee41e0c19a097265df291 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T21:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O _vers?o final_.pdf: 6052027 bytes, checksum: a0b13d101f0ee41e0c19a097265df291 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Being important to study about the way the authorship is constructed, considering the observation about how motivator texts works onto the wording?s texture, it is proposed, theoretically based on P?cheux?s Discourse Analyses, to analyze the process by which the candidate-subjects become authors on the tests of Exame Nacional do Ensino M?dio (ENEM), important selection mechanism for, among other functions, to gain access into public as well as private college education. Therefore, the objective is to verify if there is an authorship?s production control from the motivator texts which are characterized as texts that present a set of information related to the theme proposed, serving as guides so that the candidate-subject elaborates the text. Thus, it is intended to discuss the constitution of the author-subject on theses exams and verify if, and how, the motivator texts direct the authorship?s process. In order to develop this research it is used as corpora the wording proposals of ENEM, in 2011 and 2014, as well as four texts with 1000 grade, which, presented the best requirements related to the evaluation parameters. As a result, it was observed that linguistic marks of the wording proposal and motivator texts reading that compound the writing task, worked as an authoritarian discourse, since they make the candidates deny other interpretation which might not agree with the motivator texts. There was not a movement of total disagreement with the Discourse Formation of the motivator texts, but disassociation attempts, which did not happen completely, since the candidates used the senses generated from them. On this way, the discourse of the wording proposal silenced the candidates, producing an interdiction and censorship discourse of the possible senses which might be generated by them, installing the local silence (ORLANDI, 1997) limiting the authorship?s position of the candidates on the wordings. / Sendo de suma import?ncia se fazer um estudo acerca de como se d? o processo de constru??o da autoria, levando em conta a observa??o do modo de funcionamento dos textos motivadores para a tessitura das reda??es nos processos seletivos, propomos, tomando como base te?rica a An?lise de Discurso Pecheutiana, analisar os processos pelos quais os sujeitos-candidatos se constituem como autores nas provas do Exame Nacional do Ensino M?dio (ENEM), importante mecanismo de sele??o tamb?m para o ingresso na educa??o superior p?blica e privada. Para isso, buscou-se verificar a exist?ncia de controle da produ??o da autoria a partir dos textos motivadores, que se caracterizam como textos que apresentam um conjunto de informa??es relacionadas ? tem?tica proposta, servindo como norteadores para que o sujeito-candidato elabore seu texto. Desta maneira, discutimos a constitui??o do sujeito-autor nestas provas e verificamos se, e como, os textos motivadores direcionam o processo de autoria. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa adotamos como corpora as propostas de reda??es do ENEM, de 2011 e 2014, bem como quatro reda??es que receberam nota mil, que dentro dos par?metros avaliativos apresentaram os melhores quesitos no que se refere aos objetivos estipulados pelo processo. Como resultado, observou-se que as marcas lingu?sticas da proposta de reda??o, juntamente com a leitura dos textos motivadores que comp?em a prova, funcionaram como discurso autorit?rio, pois fizeram com que os candidatos negassem outras interpreta??es que n?o estivessem em acordo com os textos motivadores a respeito do tema. N?o houve nenhum movimento de total discord?ncia em rela??o as FDs desses textos, mas tentativas de rompimento, o que por sua vez n?o se deu completamente, pois a todo momento os candidatos recorriam aos sentidos gerados a partir da colet?nea. Desta forma, entendemos que o discurso da proposta de reda??o silenciou os candidatos, produzindo um efeito de interdi??o e censura dos poss?veis sentidos que podem ser gerados por eles, instaurando o sil?ncio local (ORLANDI, 1997), limitando a assun??o da autoria dos candidatos nas reda??es.

The demand for labour force in the European building industry has increased in recent years due to the constant migrations and the need to provide housing, schools and hospitals to accommodate this growing population. Due to this scenario and to governmental policies that were created to supply this need, Swedish building companies want to recruit more female employees in particular. The purpose of this case study is to investigate whether, and if so how, the building company NCC uses its external communication to strategically attract more women to the industry. Our research was of a qualitative nature. We analysed, with the help of a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis approach, recruitment materials and job advertisements published on the company’s homepage, in order to demonstrate how men and women are represented in NCC’s recruitment communication and in which way the company communicates specifically to women. We have also analysed which aspects of the company’s recruitment communication were appealing to women, through focus group interviews made with female engineering students. As theoretical ground for this case study we have chosen previous research and literature in the fields of organizational communication, employer branding, decoding in communication processes, gender studies, stereotyping and gender aware recruitment. The findings in this study show that both men and women are represented in NCC’s recruitment communication, but that a bigger focus is placed on the visual representation of women.  NCC strategically aims at attracting women both in the way female workers are visually portrayed on the homepage but even in the wording found in the company’s recruitment texts and job advertisements. This targeted communication does not reach its full potential in terms of attractiveness to women though, perhaps due to the rather cosmetic visual representation of the company’s work environment, as well as the lack of personal connection that is made between the portrayed employees and the potential job candidates.

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A Case Study on Long-tail Risks and Risk Mitigation in Risk Management.   How can Allianz Global Corporate and Specialty (AGCS) make best use of risk mitigation measures for drafting product liability policy wordings? A case study on Triclosan as a possible Endocrine Disruptor with the potential for Mass Litigation.   With external forces, the insurance industry has been facing issues since before  9/11 but the evolvement of risk managers and risk management programs in organizations has become a standard for all corporations due to the realization of the potential impact these external forces and risks possibly possess. These programs have emerged to reduce the risk and uncertainty factor that organizations are facing. The factors have been identified in previous literature, as the regulation through authorities (Carroll et al., 2016), the customer relationship that to a certain degree even embraces risk (Kerr, 2016), the agency risk in risk taking (Eling & Marek, 2013). In terms to prepare for these risks, the corporations need to go through a rescaling of their business which was associated with the establishment of Risk Management Processes on all levels (Thislethwaite and Wood, 2018). As such, the rescaling in general can be seen as a Risk Management (RM) structure that would framework the communication of risk in a company.   The insurer AGCS is studied on its Risk Management (RM) processes, especially in the fourth phase of RM which is the phase of risk mitigation or reduction. Here it has previously been identified there being no other possible ethical actuarial mitigation methods for long-tail risks (Carroll et al., 2016). Therefore, a risk with such categories was studied with the study on Triclosan. Triclosan is a widely spread and commonly used chemical substance with certain and uncertain causations that can pose several risks with one of them being the possibility of mass litigation. The underwriter tool to mitigate such long-tail risks has been defined as the policy wording which can be used to create an optimal contract in the product liability insurance to reduce the risk of mass litigation.    To answer the above research question, this study has taken an interpretivist stance and the form of a quantitative study to follow the framework of Yin’s (2009) case study approach. With the goal to research the meaning behind a phenomenon, rather than to quantify a phenomenon, the use of semi structured interviews with experts of the insurance industry was conducted. These experts were found in the departments of Allianz Risk Consulting, Underwriting, and Claims.    The findings, similarly to the previous research that has been discussed in the introductory chapter, found that there are certain macro forces that shape the risk mitigation phase and here the influence on the policy wording within was touched upon. It was found that regulations do play a vital part and pose as leverage for the insurer and a pillar that would carry the weight of policy wording. It has further been identified that the costumer relationship and the costumer strength in the market are responsible for a functioning risk mitigation and also that certain demands stemming from the market, will shape the product liability insurance. While the more specific answer to the research question was, yes, the corporate insurer should cover triclosan related risks on a claims-made basis, with serial-loss clause and a retroactive date, there would be other factors that influence the policy wording. The grounded theory that has been established in this research is thus;    To manage liability insurance coverage for long-tail risks, product liability policy wording language needs to reflect main pillars as being used for comparable base materials. This includes but is not limited to claims made trigger, retro-active dates and other coverage elements. Macro forces and drivers of the policy wording, include but are not limited to, costumer strength, market demand, risk perception and market regulations. To ensure a successful risk management on an enterprise level for coverage of long-tail risks, the above factors have to be accounted for when offering product liability coverage.   Based on the aforementioned theory, Triclosan is a manageable risk from a corporate liability insurers perspective, hence insurance coverage can be given under product liability policy wordings.   Here it is proposed that further research be conducted on the identified macro forces and their impact on the product liability insurance and the more general RM in organizations. Also, it is proposed to research such a possible framework for including the costumer in the process of risk mitigation in terms of reducing the risks form where they start with the starting point being at the costumer. This is a future vision that as such would need further research to reach scientific saturation.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychological Sciences / Patrick Knight / Recruiters and recruitment materials can signal to job seekers certain aspects of the organization which may affect how attractive the organization appears as a potential employer (signaling theory; Rynes, Bretz, & Gerhart, 1991). Some signals received during recruitment can indicate that social-based inequalities and hierarchies may exist (social dominance theory; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). It is possible that women might perceive themselves as part of a subordinate group in fields where they are underrepresented, such as the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The current research examines participant gender and the effects of using traditionally feminine words, masculine words, or neutral words in recruitment material on participants’ ratings of STEM program attractiveness and perceptions of institutional belonging. Furthermore, one’s goal orientation can influence the type of goal one is attracted to and whether it will be adopted; the current research looks at the effects of one’s goal orientation and how that is related to the person’s efficacy regarding STEM recruitment materials (Elliott & Dweck, 1988). Additionally, a goal orientation intervention was conducted in an attempt to influence participants’ situational learning goal orientations and measured efficacy. While the gendered wording of the recruitment material did not influence participants’ ratings of attraction and perceived belongingness, women rated the STEM recruitment material as more attractive than men. Additionally, participants’ learning goal orientation was found to have a significant influence on their measured efficacy. The results of this research have implications for recruiting female applicants to STEM programs/careers and suggestions for organizational interventions and best practices in order to positively affect job outcomes.

Syftet med denna studie är att försöka finna och beskriva lärares syn på problemformuleringar inom matematik och specifikt hur lärarna anser att det inverkar på elevers förmåga att redovisa sitt kunnande vid skriftliga matematikprov. Studien görs på gymnasienivån. I studien har intervjuer med lärare genomförts för att erhålla data och därefter har en tematisk analys gjorts för att kunna beskriva synen på problemformuleringar som framkommit i lärares utsagor. Det empiriska underlaget bygger på totalt fem intervjuer med gymnasielärare. Trots det ringa antalet framkommer ändå en klar bild av lärares uppfattningar och beskrivningar av problemformuleringar som så och vilken betydelse de har för elevers förmåga att utföra beräkningar. Lärarna upplever att formuleringarna har stor betydelse för i hur stor omfattning elever klarar av att lösa eller tolka uppgifter, dvs har en tydlig resultatpåverkan. Lärare beskriver att formuleringarna påverkar eleverna. Som lärare försöker man variera formuleringar medvetet och beskriver hur det är en del av ämnets kultur att också variera problemformuleringar. Ingen av de intervjuade lärarna försöker medvetet förklara för elever speciellt hur formuleringar kan tydas, alltså det medtas inte i undervisningen. Lärarna kan inte påminna sig att det ingick i deras lärarutbildning att dels formulera problem, dels reflektera kring formuleringars betydelse. Det framkom även att lärarna upplever en ambivalens i förhållande till att variera problemformuleringar, t.ex. upplever man att variationer av formuleringar påverkar svagare elever mer negativt än högpresterande elever, samt att lärarna verkar anse att man bör variera men undervisar inte specifikt om formuleringar som så. / The purpose of this study is to find and describe teachers’ perceptions of the wording of problems in mathematics tests and specifically how it affects pupil’s ability to present their knowledge at high school level.Interviews were conducted to obtain data for a thematic analysis in order to describe the perceptions of the teachers in these interviews. The empirical data consists of five interviews with high school teachers. Despite the small data set a clear picture is revealed of views and descriptions as such and their implications on students’ ability to show knowledge. The teachers perceive that that the wording has an important impact on the students’ ability to interpret or solve problems, i.e. has clear influence on results. They describe that it influences students. They will vary wordings in tests on purpose and perceive that it is a part of the subject’s culture to do so. None of the interviewees try conscientiously to specifically explain for the students how wording should be understood, thus not teached. None of the teachers can recall wording of problems being a part of their educations to become teacher (not included in education of teachers). It emerged as well a perception of ambivalence, e.g. it impacts more weaker students, one is supposed to vary but does not teach how to interpret.

Music streaming services aim to provide users with personalized content to avoid information overload and increase the user experience. Besides the recommender systems that are involved to ensure users are provided with their musical preferences, vocabulary can play a significant role in achieving personalization. Including personal pronouns is one way to implement personalization. However, looking into music streaming services it has yet to be discovered how the implementation of personalization via wording has its effect on the users' decisions, expectations, and satisfaction. The study aims to get a better understanding of how vocabulary framing in personalized playlist titles affects the user experience. The lack of knowledge makes it difficult to make wise decisions in wording and it could lead to ineffective use of vocabulary within playlist titles on music streaming services.  To carry out this study an online survey was conducted, and the data collected was stored in an API spreadsheet. The program SPSS was then used to further analyse the data to draw conclusions. Based on the results of the survey it was concluded that using wording that indicates personalization does have a significant effect on user choice and overall satisfaction within a music streaming platform. When given the choice of picking either a playlist with a title that indicates personalization or one where there is no indication of personalization, participants were significantly more drawn towards the playlists that indicate personalization.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-17T13:21:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Otávio Brasil de Moraes.pdf: 5548770 bytes, checksum: f76d20e7f7854b63714dd8e1030f214f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T13:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Otávio Brasil de Moraes.pdf: 5548770 bytes, checksum: f76d20e7f7854b63714dd8e1030f214f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM / In this dissertation, our general objective is to propose the usage of the notions of microstructures and macrostructures in the production of summaries of opinion articles. Throughout the research, developed together with students of a secondary school in the city of Manaus, we have highlighted significant differences between summaries produced in the “traditional” manner and those produced according to our proposal. Our theoretical framework is Textual Linguistics of text grammars, especially the proposal by Van Dijk (1996). We have also considered the concept of text developed in the 1970’s and 80’s by Van Dijk and Kinstch. Moreover, we have highlighted more recent studies, such as Marquesi (2004), Delphino (1991) and Machado (2004). Methodologically, the research was developed as follows: initially, in the first class, we requested that students produced an abstract of an opinion article following the traditional perspective in teaching how to produce summaries, in which it is generally emphasized only the selection of the main ideas in a text. In the second class, we discussed the concepts of microstructures and macrostructures for the production of summaries, and, in the third class, we requested that students produced a second summary using those notions. We then analyzed twenty-eight summaries produced by 14 students, which allowed us to verify positive contributions from the proposal of working with textual macrostructures. The data analysis chapter contains as examples 6 summaries chosen among the 28 that were analyzed, of which 3 (three) were written with the traditional perspective and the other 3 (three) were written in the framework of microstructures and macrostructures. After, we discuss the results, which clearly point out the contributions of the studies of textual microstructures and macrostructures to the production of summaries / Nesta dissertação, temos como objetivo geral propor a utilização das noções de micro e macroestruturas para a produção de resumos de artigos de opinião. Ao longo da pesquisa, desenvolvida junto aos discentes do ensino médio de uma escola estadual da cidade de Manaus, destacamos diferenças significativas entre os resumos produzidos de forma “tradicional” e aqueles produzidos segundo a nossa proposta. Para tanto, tomamos como base teórica a Linguística Textual das gramáticas de texto, sobretudo a proposta de van Dijk (1996). Consideramos também o conceito de texto desenvolvido durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980 por van Dijk e Kinstch. Ademais, destacamos trabalhos mais recentes que tratam da produção de resumos de textos segundo a perspectiva desses estudos, tais como Marquesi (2004), Leite (2006), Delphino (1991) e Machado (2004). Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se desenvolveu da seguinte forma: inicialmente, na primeira aula, solicitamos aos alunos que produzissem um resumo de um artigo de opinião, obedecendo à perspectiva tradicional de ensino de produção de resumo, na qual de modo geral se enfatiza apenas a identificação das ideias principais do texto; na segunda aula, trabalhamos os conceitos de micro e macroestruturas para a produção de textos-resumo e, na terceira aula, solicitamos aos discentes que produzissem um segundo resumo, no caso considerando a utilização das noções de micro e macroestrutura. Após essa etapa, analisamos vinte e oito resumos produzidos por 14 alunos, o que nos permitiu verificar os pontos positivos da proposta que considera o trabalho com as macroestruturas textuais. No capítulo de análise, apresentamos a título de exemplificação a análise de 6 (seis) resumos escolhidos entre os 28 analisados, sendo 3 (três) elaborados segundo a perspectiva tradicional de ensino de produção de resumo e 3 (três) elaborados pelo viés micro/ macroestrutura. Em seguida, discutimos os resultados que sinalizaram claramente as contribuições da perspectiva que considera os estudos de micro e macroestrutura textual para a produção de resumos

Cette recherche étudie l'évolution de l'appui à la souveraineté du Québec entre 1976 et aujourd'hui, en considérant les diverses formulations de la question utilisées par les acteurs politiques et par les sondeurs. Cette question est abordée en faisant une analyse longitudinale multiniveaux de plus de 800 sondages. Une telle approche suggère que les caractéristiques des sondages sont nichées à l'intérieur d'unités contextuelles plus larges, des unités de temps. Cela permet d'une part d'observer quels sont les facteurs liés à la mesure qui influencent l'appui à la souveraineté du Québec et ensuite de voir comment ces mêmes effets varient à travers le temps et comment ils sont influencés par certains événements jugés importants. Il ressort de ces analyses que les propositions séparation, indépendance, souveraineté et souveraineté-association/partenariat entraînent généralement des appuis moyens significativement différents les uns des autres. Il apparaît aussi que certains événements ont eu une influence significative sur l'évolution de l'appui à ces diverses propositions. Enfin, il a été tenté de voir si les appuis propres à ces diverses propositions évoluaient de manière parallèle, s'ils réagissaient similairement aux différents événements considérés dans les analyses ou si au contraire ces appuis pouvaient parfois évoluer de manière différente. Les résultats à cet égard sont intéressants mais non concluants. / The purpose of this research was to study the evolution of the support for Quebec sovereignty from 1976 to 2007, taking into account the many wordings used by political actors and pollsters to refer to the sovereignty project. The methodology used to perform this study is a multilevel and longitudinal analysis of more than 800 polls conducted. Such an approach assumes that measurement-related factors are nested within broader contextual units, in this case time units. Hence, one can find out in what ways measurement-related factors (i.e. question-wording) influence support for Quebec sovereignty on one hand, and how time-related factors (i.e. events and time itself) affect these same measurementrelated factors effects on the other hand. We found that the many constitutional proposals, separation, independence, sovereignty and sovereignty-association/partnership generally do have significantly different mean effects on the support for Quebec sovereignty. We then found that some events cause significant changes in the evolution of sovereignty support. We finally tried to find out if changes in support for these different proposals were similar; in other words, whether these important events affect support for sovereignty in the same way for each proposal or not. In this regard, interesting but yet not conclusive results were found.