Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1265953 bytes, checksum: 24b7674898fc76a14523119574fadc13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Based upon a theoretical-discursive perspective of the speech-writing continuum, the present paper results from a research accomplished with students of the Young and Adult People s Education programme, the perceptive teaching practice analysis of which pointed out to the need of a methodological intervention as regards the development of the capacity in the production of written texts by students characterized with relative developed competence, in the production of oral texts. To do so, we searched for contribution in papers with wording practices, contemplating the textual genders and the use of didactic sequences as methodological resource, as well. While approaching textual gender works, we opted for the experienced life report gender to accredit the existence of a larger and better gender similarity with the students knowledge and their life histories. To accomplish our target, we developed a didactic sequence to contemplate a series of systematically organised activities about the gender we chose to develop the study. Out of this practice, there resulted a group of texts classified as follows: text 01 (initial written production), text 02 (initial oral production), text 03 (final written production), used as basic instruments of the analysis and evaluation of the learning results. For the evaluating analysis, we established a compositional structure of the experienced life report gender as a delimiting parameter of an adequate production. We observed the occurrence of a relative evolution in the students knowledge during the accomplishment of the analysis between the initial production context and the final production one. Another point observed in the second moment of the analysis, i. e., the one regarding the texts produced in the oral version, was that we can confirm the students better performance in the oral texts. And, in a more comprehensive scope of the analysis, the results showed the development of a more significant learning when we consider the relationships of the interface composing the space between the oral practice and writing as a guiding point to the students formation, so confirming the growth of the autonomy and the consequent proficiency in the production of written texts. / Embasado em uma perspectiva teórico discursiva do Continuum fala-escrita, o presente trabalho é resultante de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, cuja análise perceptiva da prática docente, pontuou a necessidade de uma intervenção metodológica no tocante ao desenvolvimento da capacidade na produção de textos escritos, para alunos caracterizados com competência, relativamente desenvolvida, na produção de textos oralizados. Nesse sentido, buscamos aporte nos trabalhos com as práticas do letramento, contemplando os gêneros textuais e o uso das sequências didáticas, enquanto recurso metodológico. Na abordagem do trabalho com os gêneros textuais, optamos pelo gênero relatos de experiências vividas, por credenciar a existência de uma maior e melhor similaridade, do gênero, com os conhecimentos dos alunos e suas histórias de vida. Na intenção de efetivar o nosso objetivo, desenvolvemos uma sequência didática, de modo a contemplar uma série de atividades, sistematicamente organizadas, em torno do gênero que escolhemos para desenvolver o estudo. Dessa prática, decorreu um grupo de textos, classificados como texto 01 (produção escrita inicial); texto 02 (produção oral inicial) e texto 03 (produção escrita final), utilizados como instrumentos base, da análise e avaliação dos resultados da aprendizagem. Para análise avaliativa, estabelecemos a estrutura composicional do gênero relatos de experiências vividas, como parâmetro delimitador de uma produção adequada. Tendo sido verificada a ocorrência de uma relativa evolução nos conhecimentos dos alunos, quando da realização de análise entre o contexto de produção inicial e o contexto de produção final. Outra constatação, verificada em um segundo momento da análise, está instaurada nos textos produzidos na versão oral, quando foi possível confirmar a maior capacidade dos alunos em textos oralizados, e a preponderância de uma aprendizagem mais significativa, quando consideramos as relações de interface, que compõe o espaço entre a oralidade e a escrita, como ponto norteador na formação de alunos com perfil de maior eficiência e autonomia na produção de textos escritos.

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Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-17T14:04:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1265945 bytes, checksum: 5f8dc283c79b2c0f3c1a17bf973f54c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-17T14:04:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1265945 bytes, checksum: 5f8dc283c79b2c0f3c1a17bf973f54c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Based upon a theoretical-discursive perspective of the speech-writing continuum, the present paper results from a research accomplished with students of the Young and Adult People’s Education programme, the perceptive teaching practice analysis of which pointed out to the need of a methodological intervention as regards the development of the capacity in the production of written texts by students characterized with relative developed competence, in the production of oral texts. To do so, we searched for contribution in papers with wording practices, contemplating the textual genders and the use of didactic sequences as methodological resource, as well. While approaching textual gender works, we opted for the experienced life report gender to accredit the existence of a larger and better gender similarity with the students’ knowledge and their life histories. To accomplish our target, we developed a didactic sequence to contemplate a series of systematically organised activities about the gender we chose to develop the study. Out of this practice, there resulted a group of texts classified as follows: text 01 (initial written production), text 02 (initial oral production), text 03 (final written production), used as basic instruments of the analysis and evaluation of the learning results. For the evaluating analysis, we established a compositional structure of the experienced life report gender as a delimiting parameter of an adequate production. We observed the occurrence of a relative evolution in the students’ knowledge during the accomplishment of the analysis between the initial production context and the final production one. Another point observed in the second moment of the analysis, i. e., the one regarding the texts produced in the oral version, was that we can confirm the students’ better performance in the oral texts. And, in a more comprehensive scope of the analysis, the results showed the development of a more significant learning when we consider the relationships of the interface composing the space between the oral practice and writing as a guiding point to the students’ formation, so confirming the growth of the autonomy and the consequent proficiency in the production of written texts. / Embasado em uma perspectiva teórico discursiva do Continuum fala-escrita, o presente trabalho é resultante de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, cuja análise perceptiva da prática docente, pontuou a necessidade de uma intervenção metodológica no tocante ao desenvolvimento da capacidade na produção de textos escritos, para alunos caracterizados com competência, relativamente desenvolvida, na produção de textos oralizados. Nesse sentido, buscamos aporte nos trabalhos com as práticas do letramento, contemplando os gêneros textuais e o uso das sequências didáticas, enquanto recurso metodológico. Na abordagem do trabalho com os gêneros textuais, optamos pelo gênero relatos de experiências vividas, por credenciar a existência de uma maior e melhor similaridade, do gênero, com os conhecimentos dos alunos e suas histórias de vida. Na intenção de efetivar o nosso objetivo, desenvolvemos uma sequência didática, de modo a contemplar uma série de atividades, sistematicamente organizadas, em torno do gênero que escolhemos para desenvolver o estudo. Dessa prática, decorreu um grupo de textos, classificados como texto 01 (produção escrita inicial); texto 02 (produção oral inicial) e texto 03 (produção escrita final), utilizados como instrumentos base, da análise e avaliação dos resultados da aprendizagem. Para análise avaliativa, estabelecemos a estrutura composicional do gênero relatos de experiências vividas, como parâmetro delimitador de uma produção adequada. Tendo sido verificada a ocorrência de uma relativa evolução nos conhecimentos dos alunos, quando da realização de análise entre o contexto de produção inicial e o contexto de produção final. Outra constatação, verificada em um segundo momento da análise, está instaurada nos textos produzidos na versão oral, quando foi possível confirmar a maior capacidade dos alunos em textos oralizados, e a preponderância de uma aprendizagem mais significativa, quando consideramos as relações de interface, que compõe o espaço entre a oralidade e a escrita, como ponto norteador na formação de alunos com perfil de maior eficiência e autonomia na produção de textos escritos.

This is an analysis of how the Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet and the English newspapers The Independent and The Guardian reported about the sexual molestation and rape charges that were alleged against the Wikileaks founder Julian Assange in August 2010. Through a critical discourse analysis, a theme- and proposition analysis and a process analysis this paper aims to investigate how the above mentioned newspapers create reality in their articles. The purpose is to shed light upon with what means the journalists through the inherited structures of the newspaper illustrate actions and events, how they let other people get visible in the text and who is described as responsible for current events.    The results of the analysis shows that Aftonbladet uses a relatively large amount of propositions and speech cues to create an image of the reality that is almost explicitly angled. Dagens Nyheter and The Independent claims a higher degree of objectivity and through micro themes with different perspectives and few explicit statements they create a reality with plenty of room for the reader to make her own conclusions. The Guardian creates an image of the world where the Wikileaks is a great force of democracy and where actions are performed by humans as well as by objects and organizations.

Denna studie undersöker personliga egenskaper i rekryteringsannonser på LinkedIn för att se om det finns språkliga barriärer som sätts upp tidigt för att styra människor mot olika karriärvägar. I inledningen beskrivs hur vanligt förekommande det är att personliga egenskaper efterfrågas i rekryteringsannonser och att det mer eller mindre medvetet kan utgöra en grund för diskriminering. Studien är avgränsad till att undersöka rekryteringsannonser som publicerats på sociala medier plattformen LinkedIn. Studien görs genom att analysera eftersträvansvärda personliga egenskaper och om personliga egenskaper som bygger på traditionella könsroller används. Den valda metoden är kvalitativ med kvantitativa inslag och Faircloughs diskursanalytiska inriktning används tillsammans med ett socialkonstruktivistiskt tillvägagångssätt för att besvara frågeställningarna. Analysen belyser hur en reklamdiskurs och en traditionellt bedömande karaktärsdiskurs sammanblandas genom personliga egenskaper och därmed suddar ut gränsen mellan privat och professionell identitet, där manligt och kvinnligt kodade egenskaper är lika mycket efterfrågade. Resultatet visar att personliga egenskaper är en del av en förflyttning inom svensk språkideologi där det som anses vara kvinnligt eller manligt språk planas ut. Slutsatsen är att den ”jämlika” rekryteringsannonsen tyder på att den ojämlikhet som syns på arbetsmarknaden sker i en annan del av rekryteringsprocessen. Samt att en social, utåtriktad person inkluderas och en mer tillbakadragen eftertänksam person exkluderas. Frågor som väcks är hur personliga egenskaper uppfattas av individen vid mottagandet av texten, om det sker en bedömning av den egna personen eller om de bara uppfattas som floskler.

Studiens primära syfte är att undersöka hur målgruppen potentiellt framtida kvinnliga arbetssökande upplever det språkliga tilltalet i nätbanken Nordnets platsannonser. Hypotesen att det språkliga tilltalet i Nordnets platsannonser bär spår av manliga drag och attraherar män i högre utsträckning än kvinnor är en central utgångspunkt för undersökningen som görs. Ett sekundärt syfte med studien är även att ur språkvetenskapligt perspektiv undersöka hur de relationsskapande strategierna ser ut i fem slumpmässigt utvalda platsannonser från Nordnet. Studien utgår från frågeställningar som berör attityder till det språkliga tilltalet och hur platsannonsernas relationsskapande strategier associeras med manligt eller kvinnligt språk. Frågeställningarna besvaras med hjälp av två kvantitativa metoder: en enkätundersökning samt en textanalys, vars resultat legat till grund för enkätundersökningens utformning. 39 respondenter deltog i enkätundersökningen, varav 22 kvinnor och en kontrollgrupp på 17 män. Till grund för textanalysen låg fem slumpmässigt utvalda platsannonser från Nordnet. Studien har en sociolingvistisk ansats och bygger vidare på Gaucher, Friesen & Kays (2011) forskning om effekterna av könsbundna ord i platsannonser samt Xiaoli Fus (2012) forskning om platsannonsens kontaktskapande strategier. Resultaten från textanalyserna visar att de kontaktskapande strategierna i Nordnets platsannonser stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning samt att användningen av olika attitydmarkörer och läsarinkluderande pronomen har en gynnsam effekt på målgruppen. Vidare talar resultaten för hypotesens förkastande - åtminstone vad gäller den undersökta gruppen - då merparten av de undersökta kvinnorna uppger sig vara lockade att söka en tjänst hos Nordnet och även upplever platsannonsens kontaktskapande strategier på ett positivt sätt. Inte heller uppgav de kvinnliga respondenterna att de associerade det språkliga tilltalet med manligt språk; tvärtom skattade männen i kontrollgruppen valda delar av platsannonsens språkliga tilltal som mera maskulint än kvinnorna. / The objective of this study is to investigate how a specific target group; potential, future female applicants, perceive the language in Nordnet’s job postings. The hypothesis that the language used in Nordnet’s job postings attracts men to a greater extent than women is a central starting point for the investigation. A secondary objective for the study is also to examine how the interactional metadiscourse, e.g. relationship building strategies, look like in five randomly selected job postings from Nordnet. The study is based on questions that apply to attitudes towards linguistic traits in the job postings and how the relationship building strategies is associated with masculinity or femininity. These questions are answered by two quantitative methods : a survey and a text analysis, the results of which formed the basis of the questionnaire survey design. 39 respondents participated in the survey, including 22 women and a control group of 17 men. The basis for text analysis were five randomly selected job postings from Nordnet. The study has a sociolinguistic approach and builds on Gaucher, Friesen & Kay's (2012) research on the effects of gendered wording in job postings and Xiaoli Fu's (2011) research on interactional metadiscourse in job postings. The results from the text analysis shows that the relationship building strategies of Nordnet’s job postings are consistent with previous research and the use of different attitude markers and reader-inclusive pronouns has a beneficial effect on the target audience. Furthermore, the results speak for hypothesis rejection - at least for the group studied – since most of the female participants claimed to be attracted to apply for a position within Nordnet and also experienced the job posting’s strategies in a positive way. Neither did the female participants associate the language with masculinity; on the contrary, instead the male participants rated selected parts of the job postings interactional metadiscourse as more masculine than the women did.

Inom revisionsprofessionen sker en förskjutning i könsbalansen. Andelen kvinnor ökar successivt. Tidigare forskning, främst från andra länder än Sverige, tyder på att kvinnliga revisorer kan leverera högre revisionskvalitet än manliga revisorer. Syftet med denna studie är därför att beskriva och analysera eventuella skillnader i kvalitet mellan manliga och kvinnligarevisorer i Sverige. Likaså tyder tidigare forskning på att större revisionsbyråer (Big 4) kan ha högre revisionskvalitet än mindre byråer (icke Big 4), varvid syftet även är att beskriva och analysera om kvaliteten påverkas av byråtillhörighet.För att mäta revisionskvalitet har träffsäkerhet och tydlighet i going concern-varningars formuleringar samt utfärdandet av övriga anmärkningar i revisionsberättelsen använts. Studien baseras på data från 1407 aktiebolag som gått i konkurs under år 2014. Informationen grundar sig på dessa aktiebolags årsredovisningar och revisionsberättelser året före konkurs.Datamängden har sedan testats genom chi-2 tester och analyserats gentemot tidigare forskning på området.Resultatet visar inga signifikanta skillnader mellan manliga och kvinnliga revisorer när det gäller träffsäkerhet, tydlighet samt övriga anmärkningar. Däremot visar resultatet att det finns signifikanta skillnader mellan Big 4 och icke Big 4 byråer. De större byråerna har inte bara en högre träffsäkerhet i going concern-varningar utan är även tydligare i formuleringarna avdessa. Gällande övriga anmärkningar återfinns inga signifikanta skillnader men resultatet antyder att revisionsbyråer tillhörande Big 4 utfärdar färre övriga anmärkningar än icke Big 4 byråer.Sammanfattningsvis visar resultatet, till skillnad från vissa andra studier som genomförts på området, att revisorns kön inte har någon betydelse för revisionskvaliteten. Däremot indikerar resultatet att revisionsbyråer tillhörande Big 4 har en högre kvalitet i sin revision än icke Big 4 byråer, vilket är i linje med tidigare forskning på området. / Within the audit profession there is a shift in the gender balance, where more and more women are entering the industry. Previous research, mainly from other countries than Sweden, indicates that female auditors have a higher quality in their auditing than male auditors. The purpose of this study is therefore to describe and analyze possible differences in audit quality between male and female auditors in Sweden. Likewise, previous research indicates that big audit firms may have a higher quality in their auditing than small audit firms. The purpose is therefore also to describe and analyze if audit quality is affected by audit firm size.Accuracy in going concern opinions, wording in going concern-opinions and other audit opinions in the audit report were used to measure audit quality. The study is conducted on data from 1407 limited companies, which filed for bankruptcy in 2014. The information comes from financial statements and audit reports from the year before bankruptcy. The data was later on tested by chi-2 tests and analyzed together with previous research in the area.The result provides no significant differences between male and female auditors when it comes to accuracy, wording and other audit opinions. However, the result shows significant differences between Big 4 and non Big 4 audit firms. Big 4 firms are not only more accurate, but also use a clearer wording in their going concern opinion. Regarding other audit opinionsthere are no significant differences but the result still indicate that Big 4 audit firms issue less other opinions than non Big 4 firms. / <p>Betyg B, 170602</p>

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Reading comprehension as a prerequisite for successful strategy of word problems solving in mathematics DISSERTATION Mgr. Alena Sigmundová ABSTRACT The dissertation describes the results of an interdisciplinary research study examining the linguistic aspects of word problems in mathematics and the connection between comprehension of the text of word problems and the success of their solution. In the introduction the research is set into the framework of theoretical bases: the term word problem in mathematics and the concept of reading comprehension, including factors influencing the understanding of the text are characterized and the results of previous research studies are described. Subsequently the work presents a methodology, course and results of testing of pupils in three pilot studies and in the main survey and the conclusions from the semi-structured interviews. The research is based on the linguistic analysis of 18 word problems with low solution success, taken from international research surveys PISA 2012 and TIMSS 2007, as well as on the level of comprehension of the text of these tasks in the 8th and 9th grade primary schools, modifying selected language phenomena and detecting the effect of these reformulations. 773 pupils from 13 elementary schools participated in the research. The study...