Syftet med studien är att undersöka identitetsskapandet hos ungdomar som växer upp i ett så kallat ”särskilt utsatt område” samt att undersöka hur ungdomarna upplever att samhällets kollektiva representationer (kollektivt accepterade utsagor) av det område de växer upp i påverkar deras sociala identitet. Studien genomförs genom narrativa intervjuer med ungdomar som växer upp i stadsdelen Vivalla i Örebro. Ungdomarnas narrativ analyseras med två olika analysmetoder, dessa är tematisk analys och diskursanalys. Studien visar, i likhet med andra studier, att identiteten skapas i samspel med andra och i relation till platsen. Studien visar också att de kollektiva representationerna påverkar ungdomarna i hög grad då ungdomarna ständigt utkrävs moraliskt ansvar för händelserna i området. Det tillhör också vanligheterna att ungdomarna blir föremål för viss grad av symboliskt våld. Detta leder till att de relevantgör en motståndsidentitet för att förändra narrativen om förorten och ”invandrare”. Det symboliska våldet binder dem ännu starkare vid platsen och ökar känslan av samhörighet med andra inom ”orten” samtidigt som klyftorna mellan ”orten” och de andra förstärks. / The aim of this study is to investigate the identity formation of youths who grow up in a so called "socially disadvantaged area". The study also aims to investigate how collective representations (collectively accepted narratives) of the neighbourhood affects the youth’s social identity. This by examining narratives from young people who grow up in the district of Vivalla in Örebro, Sweden. The study shows, like previous studies, that the identity is formed in relation to the neighbourhood. The study also shows that the collective representations affects youths. Where they, from others, are demanded moral responsibility for the events in the area. Their identities also receive forms of symbolic violence when trying to fit in the society. Because of this, the youths tend to form a resistant identity to change the narratives of the suburb and the concept of "immigrants". The symbolic violence and the lack of association with the main city works as a subterfuge to avoid other neighbourhoods.

Cette thèse porte sur les représentations professionnelles de la bande de jeunes dans le champ de l'éducation spécialisée. Conçue comme objet de représentation sensible, la bande de jeunes est entendue comme une édification mythique qui, dans l’imaginaire, renvoie à une certaine perception de la jeunesse. Au travers de trois enquêtes, cet objet est abordé dans ses aspects constituants, une communication médiatique héritée, et constitués, un produit socio-cognitifs. Les représentations sont lues sous le prisme de la professionnalisation, un processus inscrit dans une dynamique représentationnelle qui permet le passage des savoirs du quotidien à des savoirs professionnels. Les deux premières enquêtes relèvent de préalables à l'investigation du champ professionnel de l'éducation spécialisée, au travers d'un diagnostic de communication diachronique (la bande de jeunes dans la presse de la Belle Époque et dans la presse des trente dernières années) et d'un diagnostic de la nature de l'objet (objet affectif non-cognitif, objet sensible). La troisième enquête se propose d'aborder les représentations de la bande de jeunes chez les éducateurs spécialisés comme la traduction professionnelle d’une édification mythique, donnant naissance à des savoirs professionnels plus ou moins distincts des savoirs du quotidien. Si les éducateurs praticiens dénoncent en premier lieu la bande de jeunes comme préjugés ou stéréotype et y applique une grille de lecture sociale (exclusion, précarité), les éducateurs en formation se distinguent par une négation de cet objet (que cela soit en terme de stéréotypie ou d'explication sociale). / This thesis concerns the professional representations of the band of youths in the field of the special education. Conceived as sensitive object of representation, the band of youths is understood as a mythical construction which, in the imagination, reflects a certain perception of the youth. Through three inquiries, this object is approached on its constituent aspects, an inherited media communication, and constituted, a product socio-cognitive. The representations are read under the prism of the professionalization, a process registers in a representational dynamics which allows the passage of the knowledges of the everyday life to the professional knowledges. The first two inquiries are prerequisites in the investigation of the professional field of the special education, through a diagnosis of diachronic communication (the band of youths in the press of the « Belle Époque » and in the press of the last thirty years) and of a diagnosis of the nature of the object (non-cognitive emotional object, sensitive object). The third inquiry suggests approaching the representations of the band of youths at the educators specialized as the professional translation of a mythical construction, giving birth to professional knowledges more or less different from knowledges of the everyday life. If the educators practitioners denounce first of all the band of youths as the prejudices or stereotype and applies it a social key for reading (exclusion, precariousness), the educators in training distinguish themselves by a negation from this object (that it is in term of stereotypy or social explanation).

Nunavut Inuit youths exhibit cultural resilience and leadership. However, researchers frequently neglect such assets and instead emphasize these youths’ challenges or perceived inadequacies. I conducted an intrinsic case study regarding Nunavut Inuit youths’ experiences with an experiential learning program, Northern Youth Abroad (NYA), in order to investigate participants’ growth in cross-cultural awareness, individual career goals, leadership, and global citizenship. Drawing on post-colonial theory, semi-structured interviews, archival research, and participant observation, I argue that NYA’s Nunavut Inuit participants reported significant personal growth in these four objectives. I also provide an in-depth analysis of how NYA’s Nunavut Inuit participants described and developed distinct and rich leadership styles that draw on Inuit and Euro-Canadian influences.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-01-25T23:08:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o de Milena Rodrigues - PPGE - UEFS .pdf: 1087289 bytes, checksum: 8b01def2b023a023f5899132acceb316 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T23:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o de Milena Rodrigues - PPGE - UEFS .pdf: 1087289 bytes, checksum: 8b01def2b023a023f5899132acceb316 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / This research focuses on understanding the life trajectories of young people linked to the african-Brazilian religions of the Bonfim de Feira district from crossings social, cultural and religious that circumscribe their ways of life. The work has outlined in order to broaden the discussions on the topic of youth, enhancing the look and the voice of young people in approaching with their own social experiences. Thus, the theoretical categories were addressed: youths and trajectories concomitantly with the concepts of temporality and transitions. the theoretical categories religiosity and belonging were also discussed, seeking to evidences how these two dimensions are articulated in the configuration of hybrid identities. The methodology adopted was of qualitative nature and the cartographic method was chosen as research strategy, focusing on the interactions with the place (Bonfim de Feira) and the subjects, in the apprehension of intersubjective processes between the researcher and the researched. The analysis of narrative interviews were organized so as to highlight the singularities present in each trajectory of young people interviewed as well as show discussions about the transition from the common aspects of their careers such as school, work, employability, community experiences, cultural and religiosity. Thus, this research has allowed us to understand that young people are inserted in a context marked by strong cultural and religious tradition, that offer to them anchors in preparing for the future. They Experience tensions in the relationship between school and work, migrate and stay, while seeking to negotiate other forms of sociability as well as reinventing forms of belonging and to give continuing to the traditions of the place. / A presente pesquisa tem como foco compreender as trajet?rias de vida dos jovens vinculados ?s religi?es afro-brasileiras do distrito de Bonfim de Feira a partir dos atravessamentos sociais, culturais e religiosos que circunscrevem seus modos de vida. O trabalho delineou-se com vistas a ampliar as discuss?es sobre a tem?tica da juventude, valorizando o olhar e a voz dos jovens na aproxima??o com as suas pr?prias viv?ncias sociais. Sendo assim, foram abordadas as categorias te?ricas: juventudes e trajet?rias concomitantemente com os conceitos de temporalidade e transi??es. As categorias te?ricas religiosidade e pertencimento tamb?m foram abordadas, buscando-se evidenciar como estas duas dimens?es articulam-se na configura??o das identidades h?bridas. A metodologia adotada foi a de cunho qualitativo e o m?todo cartogr?fico foi escolhido como estrat?gia investigativa, focando sobre as intera??es com o lugar (Bonfim de Feira) e os sujeitos, na apreens?o dos processos intersubjetivos entre a pesquisadora e os pesquisados. As an?lises das entrevistas narrativas foram organizadas de modo a evidenciar as singularidades presentes em cada trajet?ria dos jovens entrevistados, bem como apresentar discuss?es acerca das transi??es a partir dos aspectos comuns de suas trajet?rias tais como escolariza??o, trabalho, inser??o profissional, vivencia comunit?ria, cultural e religiosidade. Assim, esta pesquisa nos permitiu compreender que os jovens est?o inseridos dentro de um contexto marcado por uma forte tradi??o cultural e religiosa, que lhes oferecem ancoragens na prepara??o para o futuro. Vivenciam tens?es na rela??o entre escola e trabalho, o migrar e o ficar, ao mesmo tempo em que buscam negociar outras formas de sociabilidade, bem como reinventam formas de pertencer e de dar continuidade ?s tradi??es do lugar.

Every year, thousands of children end in foster care. It is estimated that approximately 24,000 foster youths age-out of the system each year. The improvement of outcomes of foster youths when they age-out of the system has been a concern among government agencies, policy makers, and advocates. Although research in the foster care area has studied the outcomes of foster youths when they age-out of the system, the role of the foster parents in improving these outcomes, especially in the area of career development, has not received the same attention. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of foster parents of youths with and without disabilities about their foster youth's career self-efficacy beliefs. A total of 157 foster parents registered in the Iowa Foster and Adoptive Parents Association (IFAPA) and Nebraska Foster and Adoptive Parent Association (NFAPA) email databases responded to an online survey. The survey included a demographic questionnaire which presented questions about the extent of their role as foster parents and the Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (CDMSE-SF) that measured the foster parents' perception of the career self-efficacy of their foster youth. After conducting a MANOVA and ANOVA analyses, a highly perceived self-efficacy belief was found among the foster parents in general. However, when the group of foster parents who reported having a youth with disability and those who do not have a youth with disability were compared, the perceived career self-efficacy beliefs were higher among the foster parents of youths without disabilities. Additionally, the foster parents identified services and/or training they understand are important for them and the foster youth such as more orientation about disabilities, the parent's role in Individual Educational Plan (IPE) meetings, and the opportunity for the foster youth of having employment experience before they leave the foster care system. Considering the important role of the family in the career development of youths and the development of expectations, these findings are important not only to the rehabilitation counseling professionals, but to many individuals in the helping professions, educators, researchers, and policy makers.

The aim of this study was to investigate potential factors of why children and youths generally start bullying, but also the long and short-term effects bullying has on its victims. In order to answer the research questions, the method used was a systematic literature review which includes collecting data by using databases such as Libsearch and Swepub. We obtained seven studies including doctoral dissertations and scientific articles, some of which include collected data results from several longitudinal, quantitative, qualitative and meta-analytic studies. The theoretical framework used in this study include social cognitive theory by social psychologist Albert Bandura. This theory was relevant in order to analyze how bullying behavior can be designed based on the social environment together with cognitive abilities. The results indicate that bullying is a complex phenomenon explained differently within the research field and our main finding shows that the victims define bullying differently from the definition used by researchers within the field. Several different factors emerged as to why some children and youths are prone to bullying. This study identifies that some of these factors are due to moral disengagement which refers to distancing from moral actions and lack of moral emotions such empathy, sympathy and guilt. Furthermore, domestic violence and social environment such as aggressive peers are also explanatory factors to why children develop and normalize a bullying behavior. Finally, this study has shown that bullying affects the victims at both early and adult age. Bully victims are often being affected in an early age developing mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem and increased risk for behavioral problems associated with substance use. These problems often continue into adulthood where beside mental and physical health issues the victims also struggle with trust and relationship issues.

This study examines the convoluted challenges of different professions and their duty to report to Social Services if suspicion or knowledge of a child being in physical or mental danger occurs. In Sweden this is regulated by the law 14:1 SoL that requires personnel in their work with minors to report the slightest concern of danger without any circumstances. Previous research studies have found that there are noticeable lack of reports within the professions covered by this law. The degree of reporting differs between the professional groups that have a reporting obligation, but what all have in common is that the reporting rate is low in all. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to examine different professionals’ experiences of being in the process of reporting concern of a child, with focus on possible contexts that put professionals in ethically difficult situations. To answer these questions we’ve performed semi-structured interviews with six different professionals from four different organisations in Malmö. The analysis is based on two theories which are professional ethics and normative ethics. The final conclusions were that these theories combined with the empirical data generated in three different themes that causes difficulties within the process of reporting to Social Services. These themes were: relationships and trust, policies and guidelines, and norms and values. In decision-making, an internal ranking arises between norms, values ​​and obligations in relation to the policies and guidelines that are relevant in the workplace. In the event of disruptions within these factors, it can be difficult to maintain a good and a legally safe work ethic which could lead to a lack of reports to Social Services.

Every other youth in Sweden doesn't feel included in society. Youths don't feel represented or visible in the societal development, and urban planners find it hard to include youths in planning processes. Therefore this paper aims to explore the methods, challenges and possibilities concerning youth-inclusion in the urban planning of the swedish municipality of Linköping. The study is conducted through a thematic analysis of interviews with employees at the planning department of Linköping, as well as a content analysis of strategic documents produced by the department. The results found that the municipality uses a plethora of different methods to include youths in planning processes, but they face challenges regarding low turn-ups, communication barriers as well as trying to sustain the youth perspective in an adult-driven process. The study found that methods for involving youth have to be adapted to the target group. However, youths are often generalized into a single group targeted with the same methods, but individual differences should be accounted for. In practice, that approach is resource-intensive. / Varannan ungdom i Sverige känner sig exkluderad i samhället. Ungdomar känner sig inte representerade eller synliga i samhällsutvecklingen, och samhällsplanerare finner det svårt att inkludera ungdomar i planprocesser. Studien syftar till att utforska de metoder, utmaningar och möjligheter som Linköpings kommun har gällande involvering av ungdomar i den fysiska planeringen. Studien baseras på en tematisk analys av intervjuer med anställda på kommunens planeringskontor, samt en innehållsanalys av strategiska dokument utgivna av planeringskontoret. Resultaten visade att kommunen använder sig av en mångfald av metoder för att inkludera ungdomar planprocesser, men står inför utmaningar angående antalet unga som deltar, kommunikationsbarriärer samt vikten av att bevara ungdomsperspektivet i processer som drivs av vuxna. Metoder för ungdomsinvolvering måste anpassas för målgruppen. Ungdomar generaliseras ofta som en grupp, men individer har olika preferenser vilket borde speglas i metodvalet. Det är i praktiken ett tillvägagångssätt som är resurskrävande.

Bakgrund: Alla barn har rätt till en god och jämlik sex-och samlevnadsundervisning. Dagens sex- och samlevnadsundervisning har som mål att stärka elevens självkänsla och främja god sexuell hälsa. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns brister i undervisningen och likvärdighet. En god relation mellan vårdnadshavare och deras ungdomar minskar risken för sexuell ohälsa. I skolsköterskans profession ingår hälsofrämjande arbete och för att kunna erbjuda hälsofrämjande insatser är det av betydelse att skolsköterskan har förståelse för varje enskild elevs familjesituation. Syftet: Syftet med studien är att beskriva vårdnadshavares uppfattning om den sex- och samlevnadsundervisning som deras ungdomar erhåller i skolan. Metod: För att besvara syftet valdes en kvalitativ metod med fenomenografisk analys. Datamaterialet bygger på tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med vårdnadshavare. Resultatet: Resultatet mynnar ut i fyra beskrivningskategorier. Dessa påvisar vårdnadshavares uppfattningar om den sex- och samlevnadsundervisning som deras ungdomar erhåller i skolan med Delaktighet är värdefullt, Främjar kommunikation, Förberedelse inför vuxenlivet och Att prata om pornografi på internet. Konklusion: Denna studie bidrar med ökad förståelse och kunskap om vilken betydelse sex- och samlevnadsundervisning har för vårdnadshavare. Skolsköterskans kompetens behöver synliggöras för att ge vårdnadshavare stöd att kunna vägleda sina ungdomar till utveckling av god sexuell hälsa. / Background: All children are entitled to a good and equal sexual health education. The sexual health education provided for pupils within school, aims to enhance the pupil’s self-esteem and promote their good sexual health. Previous research has shown that there are deficiencies and inequality in today’s sexual health education. A good relationship between guardians and their youths reduces the risk of sexual illness. The school nurses´ profession include health promotion work and in order to offer health promoting services it is important that the school nurse has an understanding of each individual pupil’s family situation. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine guardians’ perceptions of the sexual health education their youths receive in school. Method: To answer the purpose of the study a qualitative method with phenomenographic analysis was chosen. Data were collected from ten semi-structured interviews with guardians. Result: The result culminates in four descriptive categories. These descriptive categories demonstrates the guardians’ perceptions of the sexual health education their youths receive in school with Participation is valuable, Promotes communication, Preparing for adulthood and Talking about pornography on the internet. Conclusion: This study gives an increased understanding and knowledge of the importance sexual health education has for guardians. The school nurse’s competence needs to become more visible in order to offer support to guardians so that they will be able to guide their youths in their development of good sexual health.

The aim of this study is to examine which risk factors the Swedish governmental organization, Socialstyrelsen, can identify among children and youths that could lead to later deviant or criminal behaviour. The study is based on two written reports made on behalf of Socialstyrelsen. We chose to base our study on these reports since they produce important knowledge to social workers whose work is to identify risk factors and prevent deviant or criminal behaviour among children and youths, which is in line with this study's purpose. Together with previous scientific studies, this study presents seven themes in which risk factors can be found. These themes represent risk factors among and within the individual, friends, family, school and neighborhoods, risk factors related to gender and cumulative risk factors. The results of this study show that risk factors within these different themes are related to each other and that the presence of one risk factor increases the risk of others. Furthermore, the results emphasize that a risk factor for one person does not have to be a risk factor for another person and therefore could be understood as broadly individual. Because of this, it is extremely important that social workers who work with children and youths are aware of this, so that each child’s and youth’s unique situation will be considered regarding risk factors for deviant or criminal behaviour.