<p>Violence against children and particularly the “Bobby Case” in spring 2006 initiated an unprecedented debate in the Swedish media about child maltreatment and child murder. There are however some children whose death causes never will be solved, and some of these cases are erroneously classified as something else.</p><p>The present survey is commissioned by the Swedish Rescue Services Agency and the Swedish Centre for Lessons Learned from Incidents & Accidents, and will serve as the basis for a children safety council which will be established 2006.</p><p>In this survey the answer to the question how deaths among children and youth under the age of 18 years caused by accidents, suicides and violence are investigated when the background and the intention is uncertain is elaborated. A statistical report of how many deaths are classified as uncertain intent is given in the survey. The statistics shows that 26 children and youths under the age of 18 have died from uncertain intent between the years 1997-2003.</p><p>There are many purposes to a death investigation, for example to determine the cause and manner of death. With help from the Statue Book of Sweden knowledge has been obtained about which authorities that are handling death investigations when the cause and manner of death is uncertain. The authorities involved are the physicians, the police force and the National Board of Forensic Medicine. The physician determines whether deaths shall be reported to the police or not i.e. when the cause of death or the manner of death is uncertain. The police then make death investigations to determine whether there is a crime or not. The National Board of Forensic Medicine is contacted to perform autopsies.</p><p>Interviews were performed with police and forensic medicine staff to find out which methods they were using to investigate deaths. The methods used are autopsies and crime investigations. There are no differences when it comes to the age of the deceased, neither of the classification nor the investigation. The police use the classification “uncertain manner of death” when the main cause of death can’t be determined. The forensic medicine physician uses the classification uncertain when the body is so decomposed that there is no possible way to determine cause or manner of death.</p><p>A conclusion in this report is that lack of communication exists between the different government authorities and that this may be a reason to why deaths sometimes are classified incorrectly. Some investigations are also performed by policemen without proper education and this is a possible reason to why some classifications are changed during the process of investigation.</p> / <p>Den senaste tiden har våld mot barn och då framförallt omständigheterna kring tioårige Bobbys död våren 2006 gett upphov till en intensiv debatt i svenska media om barnmisshandel och barnamord. Ett i detta sammanhang mindre uppmärksammat problem är att det med stor sannolikhet finns barnamord som aldrig blir uppklarade eller som klassificeras som något helt annat.</p><p>Föreliggande arbete är ett uppdrag från Räddningsverket och NCO och undersökningen kommer att ligga som underlag i en nulägesredovisning till Barnsäkerhetsrådet som kommer att bildas under 2006. I uppsatsen beskrivs hur dödsfall utreds där barn och ungdomar under 18 år har avlidit på grund av olyckor, suicid och våld där bakgrund och avsikten är oklar.</p><p>Det finns en mängd syften med att göra en dödsfallsutredning, bland annat att fastställa dödsorsak och dödssätt. Med hjälp av bland annat lagtexter fås svar på vilka som utför dödsfallsutredningar där bakgrund och avsikt är oklar. En statistisk genomgång visade att 26 barn och ungdomar under 18 år har avlidit med oklar skadehändelse (avsikt) mellan åren 1997-2003.</p><p>Tillkallad läkare beslutar om att dödsfallet ska anmälas till polis. Detta görs bland annat när dödsfallets bakgrund och avsikt är oklar. Polisen gör då en dödsfallsutredning för att fastställa om något brott har begåtts. De tar då hjälp av Rättsmedicinalverket för att göra en rättsmedicinsk undersökning.</p><p>För att få reda på vilka metoder som användes för att utreda oklara dödsfall genomfördes intervjuer med rättsmedicinare och polis. Man gör inte någon skillnad på utredning beroende på ålder på den avlidne, varken utredningsmässigt eller klassifikationsmässigt. Polisen använder klassificeringen oklar när dödsfallen beror på kombinationer av olika faktorer och huvuddödsorsaken inte går att fastställa. Rättsmedicinarna använder klassificeringen oklar när den avlidne är så likomvandlad att varken dödssätt eller dödsorsak går att fastställa.</p><p>I undersökningen framkommer det att det finns en brist i kommunikationen mellan de olika myndigheterna och att detta kan vara en anledning till att det sker felklassificeringar. Det framkommer även att det ibland inte är utbildade poliser som påbörjar en utredning. Detta kan vara en bidragande orsak till att det är en så stor del av alla utredningar som ändrar klassificering under utredningens gång.</p>

This thesis investigates the use of word order variation, in particular the variable use of subject-verb inversion and non-inversion in main declarative clauses, among adolescents in contemporary multilingual settings in Sweden. The use of non-inversion in contexts that in standard Swedish require inversion is sometimes claimed to be characteristic of varieties of Swedish spoken among adolescents in multilingual urban areas. The present study includes a wide range of data, both spontaneous and elicited, and explores how common the use of non-inversion is among a relatively large group of participants in different contexts, and how the use of non-inversion is influenced by different demographic, linguistic and socio-pragmatic factors. The results show that non-inversions are used to a limited extent in all types of data in the studied population. Only certain individuals frequently employ non-inversions in some contexts. Further, no direct link is found between second language acquisition and the use of non-inversion in this study. Factors related to the issue of nativeness, for example participants’ reported age of onset of Swedish acquisition, only marginally explain the results. In general, examples of non-inversion are employed more extensively, and by more participants, in peer-peer interaction than with adults. The use of non-inversion appears to be part of some adolescents’ spontaneous language use in certain contexts. More importantly, however, the results suggest that some adolescents employ non-inversions as an active linguistic resource to express their identification with the multilingual environment and the different varieties of Swedish spoken there, to show solidarity with peers, to contest official school discourses, and to play around with linguistic stereotypes.

The purpose of the study was, with initial position from two particular youth homes, to survey the staff’s experiences regarding different youth cultures that might occur at the institutions and how they react to them. The question formulations were as follows: What kind of youth cultures might occur at the institution and how are they being expressed, according to some of the staff members? How do the same staff members, individually, see their role and prospect to influence the type of youth culture that is developing on the institution? Earlier research in the field were used as theoretical starting positions as well as the concepts of “looking-glass self“, “the generalized other” and ”the overtaking of roles” in the symbolic-interactionism. Qualitative research interviews were carried through with three of the employees at the two youth homes and the results of the study evinced that both positive and negative youth cul-tures develops at both of the institutions, concluding the fact that youths affect each other both ways. The results of the positive culture is that the youths identifies themselves with other youths, support each other and by comprehending more might change their attitude toward different matters. The negative culture might be expressed with youths who bring their trou-bles to the institution, youths who discuss divergent subjects within the group, exposure to bad influence which leads to negative behaviour. Henceforth, the personnel considered that they have a propitious potential to influence the youths and the conditions between them. It was deemed crucial that the personnel group acted alike and kept a jointly approach toward the youths.

Ungdomars hälsa påverkas av olika faktorer som den psykiska hälsan, övervikt, ätstörningar och självförtroende. Familjerelationer, kompisar och skolan är andra faktorer för att ungdomarna ska må psykiskt bra. För att kunna vägleda ungdomar på gymnasiet är det viktigt att skolsköterskor har kunskap om ungdomarnas egen syn på sin hälsa och vad de tycker är viktigt för att de ska må bra. Syftet med studien var att belysa gymnasieungdomars uppfattning om den egna hälsan. En systematisk litteraturstudie gjordes då den ger en bild av forskningsläget just nu. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Tio artiklar analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att ungdomars hälsa är både bra och dålig. Faktorer som påverkar ungdomars hälsa är livsstil, relationer och psykisk hälsa. I livsstilen finns förutsättningar för god hälsa vad gäller kost och motion men en känsla av trötthet och minskad livsglädje framkom också bland ungdomarna. Goda relationer till lärare och familj uppfattas positivt för hälsan. Prestationskrav i skolan utlöste stress, speciellt hos flickorna vilket påverkar den psykiska hälsan negativt. En balans mellan ungdomars livsstil, relationer och psykiska hälsa är av betydelse för hur ungdomar uppfattar sin hälsa. / Youths’ health is influenced by different factors such as mental bad health, overweight,eating disorder and self-confidence. Family relations, friends and school are other factorsfor their wellbeing. To supervise youths in upper secondary school it is important that theschool nurse has knowledge about their view on what’s important for youths’ own view oftheir health and what makes them feel well. The aim was to elucidate upper secondaryschool youths’ view of their health. A literature review has been made to compile research.Articles were researched in the databases Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO.Ten articles have been analyzed by content analysis. Factors that affect youths’ health arelifestyle, relations and mental health. The result shows that youths’ health is both good andbad. In their lifestyle there is requirement for good health when it comes to food andexercise but a feeling of tiredness and diminished joy of living emerge among the youths’.Good relations to teachers and family perceived as positive for healthiness. Demands toachieve in school gives stress, especially for girls which affect their mental health in anegative way. A balance between youths’ lifestyle, relations and mental health is ofimportance for how youths will understand their health.

Violence against children and particularly the “Bobby Case” in spring 2006 initiated an unprecedented debate in the Swedish media about child maltreatment and child murder. There are however some children whose death causes never will be solved, and some of these cases are erroneously classified as something else. The present survey is commissioned by the Swedish Rescue Services Agency and the Swedish Centre for Lessons Learned from Incidents &amp; Accidents, and will serve as the basis for a children safety council which will be established 2006. In this survey the answer to the question how deaths among children and youth under the age of 18 years caused by accidents, suicides and violence are investigated when the background and the intention is uncertain is elaborated. A statistical report of how many deaths are classified as uncertain intent is given in the survey. The statistics shows that 26 children and youths under the age of 18 have died from uncertain intent between the years 1997-2003. There are many purposes to a death investigation, for example to determine the cause and manner of death. With help from the Statue Book of Sweden knowledge has been obtained about which authorities that are handling death investigations when the cause and manner of death is uncertain. The authorities involved are the physicians, the police force and the National Board of Forensic Medicine. The physician determines whether deaths shall be reported to the police or not i.e. when the cause of death or the manner of death is uncertain. The police then make death investigations to determine whether there is a crime or not. The National Board of Forensic Medicine is contacted to perform autopsies. Interviews were performed with police and forensic medicine staff to find out which methods they were using to investigate deaths. The methods used are autopsies and crime investigations. There are no differences when it comes to the age of the deceased, neither of the classification nor the investigation. The police use the classification “uncertain manner of death” when the main cause of death can’t be determined. The forensic medicine physician uses the classification uncertain when the body is so decomposed that there is no possible way to determine cause or manner of death. A conclusion in this report is that lack of communication exists between the different government authorities and that this may be a reason to why deaths sometimes are classified incorrectly. Some investigations are also performed by policemen without proper education and this is a possible reason to why some classifications are changed during the process of investigation. / Den senaste tiden har våld mot barn och då framförallt omständigheterna kring tioårige Bobbys död våren 2006 gett upphov till en intensiv debatt i svenska media om barnmisshandel och barnamord. Ett i detta sammanhang mindre uppmärksammat problem är att det med stor sannolikhet finns barnamord som aldrig blir uppklarade eller som klassificeras som något helt annat. Föreliggande arbete är ett uppdrag från Räddningsverket och NCO och undersökningen kommer att ligga som underlag i en nulägesredovisning till Barnsäkerhetsrådet som kommer att bildas under 2006. I uppsatsen beskrivs hur dödsfall utreds där barn och ungdomar under 18 år har avlidit på grund av olyckor, suicid och våld där bakgrund och avsikten är oklar. Det finns en mängd syften med att göra en dödsfallsutredning, bland annat att fastställa dödsorsak och dödssätt. Med hjälp av bland annat lagtexter fås svar på vilka som utför dödsfallsutredningar där bakgrund och avsikt är oklar. En statistisk genomgång visade att 26 barn och ungdomar under 18 år har avlidit med oklar skadehändelse (avsikt) mellan åren 1997-2003. Tillkallad läkare beslutar om att dödsfallet ska anmälas till polis. Detta görs bland annat när dödsfallets bakgrund och avsikt är oklar. Polisen gör då en dödsfallsutredning för att fastställa om något brott har begåtts. De tar då hjälp av Rättsmedicinalverket för att göra en rättsmedicinsk undersökning. För att få reda på vilka metoder som användes för att utreda oklara dödsfall genomfördes intervjuer med rättsmedicinare och polis. Man gör inte någon skillnad på utredning beroende på ålder på den avlidne, varken utredningsmässigt eller klassifikationsmässigt. Polisen använder klassificeringen oklar när dödsfallen beror på kombinationer av olika faktorer och huvuddödsorsaken inte går att fastställa. Rättsmedicinarna använder klassificeringen oklar när den avlidne är så likomvandlad att varken dödssätt eller dödsorsak går att fastställa. I undersökningen framkommer det att det finns en brist i kommunikationen mellan de olika myndigheterna och att detta kan vara en anledning till att det sker felklassificeringar. Det framkommer även att det ibland inte är utbildade poliser som påbörjar en utredning. Detta kan vara en bidragande orsak till att det är en så stor del av alla utredningar som ändrar klassificering under utredningens gång.

Eriksson, Simon &amp; Ögren, Andreas. (2011). Vart tar fotbollsungdomarna vägen? En studie om varför 15-16 åringar i Västerbotten väljer att lämna fotbollen. (Where do the football youths go? A study of why 15-16 year olds in Västerbotten choose to leave football) Bachelor Essay in Swedish. Umeå: Umeå University, Department of Education. Abstract: This study was made on request from Västerbottens Football Association and treats the problem with youth players who drop out from football in Västerbotten, Sweden. Västerbottens Football Association has noticed that more and more players are leaving football at the age of 15-16. The purpose of the study was to examine the perceptions that youths in Västerbotten had about why they decided to leave football. Questions of why the youth players are leaving football and causes that could have made them stay was examined in this study. Also possible differences between genders were examined. The data was collected through a web-based survey where 40 youths answered. The results showed that the most common reasons of leaving football were lack of motivation and that they choosed another sport instead. There were a significant difference between the genders in some questions, for example more girls than boys meant that bad coaches had affected their decision of leaving football.

The municipality of Kalmar have a problem, how to reach and communicate with young people in Kalmar. In today’s changing media environment it gets more difficult to stand out and reach audience with messages and especially with the new forms of media that has revealed. Therefore, we have been commissioned to develop recommendations on how the municipality of Kalmar can communicate with young people in Kalmar.    The purpose with this study is to investigate which media channels young people in Kalmar use and their attitudes towards social media in particular. We wanted to find out how the municipality should communicate to reach them and what attitude youths have against the municipality in general. In our study we used a qualitative approach in order to go deeper into the study and find out what opinions young people have against the municipality instead of just scratching the surface.   Our conclusion from this study is that the municipality should make use of social media to communicate with the younger people living in Kalmar. This is the most popular form of media among youngsters and a way for the municipality to communicate with the young people’s platform. We also came to the conclusion that it is important to have a new thinking and creative mind when it comes to communication with young people through social media.

<p>Ungdomars hälsa påverkas av olika faktorer som den psykiska hälsan, övervikt, ätstörningar och självförtroende. Familjerelationer, kompisar och skolan är andra faktorer för att ungdomarna ska må psykiskt bra. För att kunna vägleda ungdomar på gymnasiet är det viktigt att skolsköterskor har kunskap om ungdomarnas egen syn på sin hälsa och vad de tycker är viktigt för att de ska må bra. Syftet med studien var att belysa gymnasieungdomars uppfattning om den egna hälsan. En systematisk litteraturstudie gjordes då den ger en bild av forskningsläget just nu. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Tio artiklar analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultatet visar att ungdomars hälsa är både bra och dålig. Faktorer som påverkar ungdomars hälsa är livsstil, relationer och psykisk hälsa. I livsstilen finns förutsättningar för god hälsa vad gäller kost och motion men en känsla av trötthet och minskad livsglädje framkom också bland ungdomarna. Goda relationer till lärare och familj uppfattas positivt för hälsan. Prestationskrav i skolan utlöste stress, speciellt hos flickorna vilket påverkar den psykiska hälsan negativt. En balans mellan ungdomars livsstil, relationer och psykiska hälsa är av betydelse för hur ungdomar uppfattar sin hälsa.</p> / <p>Youths’ health is influenced by different factors such as mental bad health, overweight,eating disorder and self-confidence. Family relations, friends and school are other factorsfor their wellbeing. To supervise youths in upper secondary school it is important that theschool nurse has knowledge about their view on what’s important for youths’ own view oftheir health and what makes them feel well. The aim was to elucidate upper secondaryschool youths’ view of their health. A literature review has been made to compile research.Articles were researched in the databases Cochrane, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO.Ten articles have been analyzed by content analysis. Factors that affect youths’ health arelifestyle, relations and mental health. The result shows that youths’ health is both good andbad. In their lifestyle there is requirement for good health when it comes to food andexercise but a feeling of tiredness and diminished joy of living emerge among the youths’.Good relations to teachers and family perceived as positive for healthiness. Demands toachieve in school gives stress, especially for girls which affect their mental health in anegative way. A balance between youths’ lifestyle, relations and mental health is ofimportance for how youths will understand their health.</p>

This study records an attempt to apply feminist epistemology to the conduct and communication of social science research, specifically of the Badgley Report. When I began, I wanted to understand why and how mainstream social science research persists in evading feminist analysis of the problem of child sexual abuse, despite agreement on incidence and perpetrators. I also wanted to find ways of producing knowledge that did not either evade nor postpone voicing the truths of women's and children's experiences of child sexual abuse. I have learned that commitment to a feminist framework requires critical consciousness of all aspects of the processes by which knowledge is constructed, including the relationship and interaction between the writer and reader of research. Thus, what I have attempted to do in this thesis is to communicate feminist research processes through both the form and the content of my report.

Recentemente as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação vêm promovendo alterações na forma como os mapas são produzidos, o que pode ser uma fonte de renovação na educação geográfica em tempos de cibercultura. Nos últimos anos, aplicativos e sites voltados para o mapeamento on-line tornaram-se mais uma forma de expressão da cultura digital. Esta dissertação consiste em uma investigação acerca das possíveis mediações das cartografias multimídias e colaborativas, construídas através de interfaces da internet, em processos de ensino e aprendizagem de geografia. Os mapas colaborativos digitais são representações cartográficas produzidas de forma interativa, descentralizada e em rede. Eles permitem a inserção colaborativa de conteúdos hipermidiáticos (textos, fotos, vídeos) georreferenciados e constituem uma forma alternativa e potencialmente subversiva de produção cartográfica. A pesquisa realizada com alunos do nono ano de uma escola da Rede Municipal de Itaboraí se deu a partir do desenvolvimento de um projeto de mapeamento da região onde os alunos vivem. Os resultados revelaram que estas práticas cartográficas podem contribuir para a superação do atual mal-estar na relação entre jovens e a cultura escolar, bem como favorecer a construção de práticas pedagógicas comprometidas com a formação de cidadãos críticos e engajados. / Recently digital information and communication technologies have been promoting changes in the way maps are produced, which can be a source of renewal in geographic education in times of cyberculture. In recent years, applications and websites geared toward online mapping became more a form of expression of digital culture. This dissertation consists of an investigation into the possible mediation of multimedia and collaborative cartography, constructed through the internet interfaces in the teaching and learning of geography. The collaborative digital maps are cartographic representations produced interactive, decentralized and networked. They allow the insertion of georeferenced collaborative hypermedia contents (texts, photos, videos) and constitute an alternative and potentially subversive form of cartographic production. The survey - conducted with ninth graders in a school of Itaboraí - took from the development of a mapping project in the area where students live. The results revealed that these cartographic practices can help overcome the current "malaise" in the relationship between youth and school culture, and to promote the construction of pedagogical practices committed to the formation of critical and engaged citizens.