Bakgrund: Sömnens påverkan på viktkontroll har större betydelse än vad forskarna tidigare trott. God sömn innebär återhämtning av livsnödvändiga funktioner och är en grund för god hälsa. Studier visar att människor sover mindre idag jämfört med tidigare. Sömnens påverkan på viktkontrollen behöver lyftas fram i sjuksköterskans hälsopreventiva arbete för att främja hälsa. Syfte: Att belysa sömnens relevans för viktkontroll hos medelålders vuxna. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie gjordes där elva kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. Resultat: Kort sömnlängd ger ökad sannolikhet för fetma vilket kan ge rubbad hormonbalans med förändrad aptitreglering och viktökning som följd. Osammanhängande sömn är förenat med högre body mass index och ökad risk för fetma. Mest gynnsam sömnlängd för optimal viktkontroll är sju till åtta timmar. Slutsats: Fler studier behövs för att förstå sambandet mellan sömn och viktkontroll. Kvalitativa studier där patienternas upplevelser belyses är önskvärda. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att försöka skapa ett bra möte och samtal om sömnens betydelse för viktkontroll. Ett förtroendefullt samtal där öppenhet och lyhördhet är grundpelare. Under samtalet kan sjuksköterskan inta en stödjande och rådgivande roll där ett gemensamt beslut kan resultera i en förståelse för sambandet mellan sömn och viktkontroll. / Background: The effects of sleep on weight control is more important than researchers previously believed. Good sleep means recovery of essential life functions and is a foundation for good health. Studies show that less time is spent sleeping today than before. Therefore the importance of sleep needs to be raised in the health preventive work of the nurse to promote health. Aim: To illuminate the relevance of sleep in weight control in middle-aged adults. Method: A literature review was done where eleven quantitative scholarly articles form the foundation for the result. Result: Short sleep duration will lead to an increased likelihood of obesity which can lead to disorder in the hormone balance with changed appetite regulation and an increase in body weight as a result. Fragmented sleep is related to increased body mass index and a higher risk of obesity. The most favourable sleep duration for optimal weight control is seven to eight hours. Conclusion: More studies are needed to understand the relationship between sleep and weight control. Qualitative studies where the patients ́ own experiences are illuminated. The nurse has an important role to create a good meeting and a dialogue where openness and sensitivity are essential pillars. The nurse can take a supportive and advisory role, where a common decision can result in an understanding in the association between sleep and weight control.

In the recent past, people were used to consult health care professionals or textbooks in order to find answer to health related questions. Now, the availability of medical information through electronic resources has changed people&lsquo / s information-seeking behaviors and, as a result, electronic information resources have become very popular and frequently used for health related searches. This study examines the online health information-seeking behaviors of middle aged and older people from Middle East Technical University and 100. Yil neighbourhood, specially demographic and other factors effecting online health information seeking, the types of sought online health information, assessment of the online health information, and reliability criteria of middle aged and older online health information seekers. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to participants. The final sample was 248 middle aged and older people. Findings show that middle aged and older employees from Middle East Technical University and 100. Yil neighbourhood are searching for health information especially for specific illnesses. They are using this information to self-treat or self-diagnose. Worse health conditions, expertise level in internet usage associates with searching behavior. Majority of the participants trust in information they found online but they do not share it with any health care professional.

In this thesis, Kochman examines the textual references to poetry in contemporary playwright Tracy Letts's "Man from Nebraska," "August: Osage County," and "Superior Donuts" and explores how specific references function as a "poetic exchange" between the protagonists and the respective agents of change or moral touchstones in each play and how these "poetic exchanges" suggest a diminishment or elevation of the intrinsic value of art -- specifically, poetry -- as a force for personal and cultural renewal. While Letts's writing is hardly "poetic" and his structure closer to "narrative," he focuses on "the repressed" - both emotionally and socially --and the redeeming qualities of poetry. Kochman argues that Letts's dramatic works do not merely challenge the gaps, ruptures, and contradictions in the "master narratives" of Western culture, but also suggest an alternative to the traditional American "narrative" focused on the individual by advocating a "poetic perspective" centered on the community. This perspective urges a shift from a rigid, linear, individual-goal oriented principle (as depicted in "August: Osage County" toward a principle of flexibility, unity, and synthesis (as advocated in "Man from Nebraska" and "Superior Donuts").

This ex post facto correlational study seeks to identify if a relationship between blood glucose values and vasomotor instability intensity exists. The population consisted of a convenience sample of seven type 2 diabetic postmenopausal women experiencing vasomotor instability living in Southern Alberta. This study hypothesizes that a significant negative correlation would be identified between these two variables based on research done by Dormire and Reame (2003). The correlational results suggest that a small to moderate significant positive relationship exists between blood glucose and vasomotor instability: increased vasomotor instability was associated with increased blood glucose values. Overall, this study suggests a relationship exists between blood glucose and vasomotor instability but causality or direction of this relationship cannot be determined. Further research studies are recommended to clarify and validate this research. In particular, such a study should include type 1 diabetic postmenopausal women, a larger sample size, and sampling a wider geographical area. / ix, 109 leaves ; 29 cm.

Depression is a major mental health problem for women. Several lines of evidence suggest that fluctuating levels of estrogen associated with various reproductive events are related to changes in mood. It has been hypothesized that estrogen may exert its influence on mood via its effect on the serotonergic system---a system frequently implicated in the regulation of mood. The major goal of the following study was to elucidate further the role of estrogen in mood regulation. To this end, we examined the role of estrogen in the mood-lowering effect of Acute Tryptohpan Deption (ATD), a technique designed to cause a marked lowering of plasma and brain tryptophan, and therefore brain serotonin levels, so that the effects of decreased serotonin on mood can be studied directly. We hypothesized that (1) exogenous estrogen may protect against the mood-lowering effects of ATD in postmenopausal women and that (2) a history of affective disturbance, particularly reproduction-related affective disturbance, would be associated with greater vulnerability to ATD as predicted by the kindling model of depression. Fifty-eight postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to treatment with estrogen (0.625 mg Premarin) or placebo in the context of prospective, double-blind, cross-over design. During the final two week sof the 12-week treatment phase, all participants completed one ATD test session and one nutritionally balanced amino acid control session. We found that: (1) treatment with exogenous estrogen significantly improved mood and menopausal symptoms as compared to placebo treatment, (2) ATD was associated with a significant lowering of mood in both groups, (3) treatment with estrogen did not protect women from ATD effects unless they responded to 11 weeks of treatment with exogenous estrogen with enhanced mood, and (4) a history of reproduction-related affective disturbance was associated with more dysphoric mood in response to ATD. In conclusion, these data provide further evi

Darbo tikslas – įvertinti vidutinio amžiaus moterų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius taikant šiaurietiškąjį ėjimą. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti ir palyginti tiriamųjų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius taikant įprastą ir šiaurietiškąjį ėjimą ramybėje prieš ir po fizinio krūvio. 2. Įvertinti ir palyginti tiriamųjų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius, registruotus įprasto ir šiaurietiškojo ėjimo metu. 3. Įvertinti tiriamųjų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinius rodiklius atsižvelgiant į šiaurietiškojo ėjimo patirtį, psichoemocinę būklę. Tyrimo metodika: tyrime dalyvavo 27 vidutinio amžiaus moterys. Kiekvienos tiramosios širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkciniai rodikliai buvo vertinami įpraso ir šiaurietiškojo ėjimo metu. Testavimo trukmė 40 minučių, iš kurių 5 minutes prieš ir po fizinio krūvio buvo ramiai sėdima, o 30 minučių buvo einama įprastu ar šiaurietišku ėjimu. Širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos funkcinės būklės vertinimui buvo naudojama LSMU Kardiologijos institute sukurta kompiuterinė elektrokardiogramos analizės sistema „Kaunas–Krūvis. Mobiliam duomenų registravimui ir kaupimui tiriamajai buvo uždedamas ir įjungiamas duomenų registravimo modulis „Cardio Scout“. Rezultatai ir išvados: 1. Nustatyta, kad tiek po įprasto, tiek po šiaurietiškojo ėjimo po penkių minučių ramybės sąlygomis fiksuotas arterinis kraujo spaudimas buvo mažesnis, o ST amplitudė didesnė lyginant su prieš krūvį stebėtomis reikšmėmis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the work: Evaluation of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in middle-aged women when applying nordic walking. Objectives of the work: 1. Evaluation and comparison of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in exploratory women when applying nordic and ordinary walking at rest, before and after physical load. 2. Evaluation and comparison of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in exploratory women registered during nordic and ordinary walking. 3. Evaluation of the cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters in exploratory women taking into account their nordic walking experience and psychoemotional state. Methods: The cardiovascular system‘s functional parameters of each participant were evaluated by means of both nordic and ordinary walking. The evaluation lasted 40 minutes: participants sat 5 minutes before and after physical load and walked 30 minutes (nordic or ordinary walking). The data logging module “Cardio Scout” was applied to the collection and registration of data. For the evaluation of the cardiovascular system’s functional parameters the ECG registration and analysis system „Kaunas-load“ was used. Results and conclusion. 1. It was established that, after five minutes of ordinary and nordic walking,the arterial blood pressure mesured at rest was lower and the ST amplitude higher in comparison to the results obtained before physiocal load (p<0,05). After nordic walking, during recovery, the regulative system and the... [to full text]

Using qualitative analysis, this thesis analyzes intergenerational support, conflict, and ambivalence between aging mothers and their middle aged adult daughters. In-depth interviews with 30 mother-daughter pairs explored respondents&amp / #8217 / relationship history, changes in the relationship over the life course (childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, marriage of daughter, parenthood of daughter, widowhood of mother), social network composition, frequency of contact, expectations, type and frequency of intergenerational support, intimacy, compliance, conflict or disagreement, and comparison of self with the other party in terms of parenting styles and filial behaviors. Moreover, similarities and differences in the personalities of mother-daughter dyads were investigated from both mothers and daughters perspective. Participants reported that, there is an ample amount of intergenerational support between aging mothers and their adult daughters. Conflicts between mother-daughter pairs arise from interference, irritating personality traits and behaviors and differing views. Daughters experience more ambivalent feelings than mothers in their relationship. Both parties employ passive and secondary relationship maintenance tactics with the goal of preserving relationship harmony. Three distinct types of mother-daughter relationship emerged: close/peaceful, ambivalent and distant. Mother-daughter relationships have undergone transformations with life stages: daughters&amp / #8217 / marriage, daughters&amp / #8217 / parenthood, mothers&amp / #8217 / aging and declining health and mothers&amp / #8217 / widowhood. Effects of certain historical events and social changes emerged from the study. The research findings were discussed with reference to Turkish cultural characteristics and they were compared with Western research findings.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2008.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir o papel da propaganda na construção discursiva da identidade da mulher de meia-idade ao longo de cinco décadas. O trabalho pretende trazer contribuições para o campo dos estudos de gênero, mais especificamente ao estudo das mudanças na forma como tem sido representada a meia-idade pela mídia. A fim de melhor compreender tais mudanças foi decidido que a pesquisa teria como foco a revista CLÁUDIA, identificada como uma publicação de alta circulação, destinada à mulher de classe média, branca, brasileira. Outra particularidade da revista, que muito influenciou a decisão de fazer dela a única fonte desta pesquisa, é o fato de esta publicação ter sido lançada no início dos anos sessenta, estendendo-se até os dias de hoje, adequando-se, assim, à proposta deste trabalho: estudar diacronicamente as mudanças nas representações da meiaidade (desde os anos sessenta até a presente década). A fundamentação teórica está calcada no conceito de multimodalidade de Kress e van Leeuwen (2001 / 2006). Para os autores, discurso é conhecimento socialmente construído de algum aspecto da realidade, e a produção de sentidos é entendida como resultado da articulação entre imagem e elementos verbais. O estudo dos autores é baseado na gramática funcional sistêmica de Michael Halliday (1985), adotada neste trabalho no que se refere à metafunção interpessoal da linguagem. São também relevantes para esta pesquisa os conceitos de identidade de Hall (2005) e o conceito de poder e corpo na visão de Foucault (2006). O foco das análises recai na representação visual e verbal da mulher de meia-idade nas propagandas publicadas pela revista CLÁUDIA, relacionando-as às mudanças na sociedade brasileira. São dois os desdobramentos desta pesquisa: por um lado são sugeridas mudanças na representação discursiva da mulher madura em relação a uma dissociação gradual do poder patriarcal. Por outro lado, os resultados sugerem que um novo regime discursivo é proposto à mulher brasileira de meia-idade, representada na CLÁUDIA, estendendo à mulher na maturidade os padrões de jovialidade, beleza, saúde e independência, exigidos da mulher mais jovem / This study investigates the role of advertising in the discursive construction of middleaged women, in an attempt to contribute to studies of gender, specifically to the study of the changes in the ways mature women have been represented in the media. In order to better apprehend such changes, it was decided that the research would focus on CLÁUDIA, a magazine that is widely read by the middle class, white, Brazilian woman. One particular aspect of this magazine has also influenced its choice: the fact that it started being published in the early sixties and is still published nowadays, which makes it adequate for the purpose of this research, with its emphasis on change. The theoretical framework for this research is found in Kress and van Leeuwens study of multimodality (2001, 2006). To the authors, discourse is socially constructed knowledge of some aspect of reality, with the production of meaning being understood as the result of the articulation of image and verbal texts. Kress and van Leeuwens work draws on Hallidays systemic functional grammar, also used in this research for the analysis of the interpersonal component of language. Also relevant to this research are: first, the concept of identity (Hall, 2005), and second the discussion of power and the body (Foucault, 2006). The focus of the analysis is on the visual and verbal representation of middle-aged women in ads published by CLAUDIA in the decades of 60 through the first decade of 2000, relating them to changes in Brazilian society. The findings of this research are twofold: on the one hand, they suggest changes in the discursive representation of mature women concerning a gradual dissociation from patriarchal power. On the other, the findings suggest that a new discursive regime is being imposed on the Brazilian mature women represented in CLAUDIA: a discursive regime which extends to women in maturity the requirements of youth, beauty, health and independence postulated for women at a younger age. Key words: discourse analysis; multimodality; identity; middle-aged woman; advertisements; changes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The cognitive function decline is closely related with brain changes generated by age. The ability of caffeine and exercise to prevent memory impairment has been reported in animal models and humans. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether swimming exercise and caffeine administration enhance memory in middle-aged Wistar rats. Male Wistar Rats (18 months) received caffeine at a dose of 30 mg/kg, 5 days per week by a period of 4 weeks. Animals were subjected to swimming training with a workload (3% of body weight, 20 min per day for 4 weeks). After 4 weeks, the object recognition test (ORT) and the object location test (OLT) were performed. After behavioral tests, all animals were killed by decapitation, brains were removed and hippocampi were separated for analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that caffeine suppressed exercise-enhanced long-term (ORT) and spatial (OLT) memory in middle-aged and this effect may be related to a decrease in phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding protein (p-CREB) hippocampal signaling. This study also provided evidence that the effects of this protocol on memory were not accompanied by alterations in the levels of phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase (p-Akt). The [3H] glutamate uptake was reduced in hippocampus of rats administered with caffeine and submitted to swimming protocol. In conclusion, caffeine suppressed the effect of exercise in improving long-term memory, spatial memory, the active and phosphorylated levels of Akt and CREB. / O declínio da função cognitiva está intimamente relacionado com mudanças cerebrais geradas pela idade. Estudos têm demonstrado que tanto a cafeína quanto o exercício físico previnem o dano na memória em modelos animais e em seres humanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar se o exercício de natação e a administração de cafeína melhoram a memória em ratos Wistar de meia-idade. Ratos Wistar machos (18 meses) receberam cafeína numa dose de 30 mg/kg, 5 dias por semana, por um período de 4 semanas. Os animais foram submetidos ao exercício de natação com uma sobrecarga de 3 % de peso corporal, 20 minutos por dia, durante 4 semanas. Após o treinamento, foram realizados o teste de reconhecimento do objeto (ORT) e o teste de localização do objeto (OLT). Após os testes comportamentais, os animais foram mortos por decapitação, os cérebros foram removidos e os hipocampos separados para as análises. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que a cafeína suprimiu o efeito do exercício na melhora da memória de longo prazo (ORT) e na memória espacial (OLT) nos animais de meia-idade, e esse efeito parece estar relacionado a uma diminuição na sinalização hipocampal da proteína de ligação ao elemento de resposta ao AMPc fosforilada (CREB). Este estudo também forneceu evidências de que os efeitos deste protocolo na memória não foram acompanhados por alterações nos níveis de proteina quinase serina/treonina (p-Akt) fosforilada . A captação de glutamato [3H] foi reduzida no hipocampo dos ratos de meia-idade que receberam cafeína e foram submetidos ao protocolo de natação. Em conclusão, a cafeína suprimiu o efeito do exercício na melhora da memória de longa duração, memória espacial, nos níveis fosforilados e ativos de CREB e Akt.