Esta tese reconstitui a trajetória pessoal e artística de Asja Lacis (1891-1979), enfatizando sua importância para a formulação de novas teorias e práticas do teatro com e para crianças. Nesse sentido, contextualiza e analisa o importante texto de Walter Benjamin, Programa de um teatro infantil proletário, elaborado a partir de obras e reflexões da artista leta. A tese pretende ainda demonstrar certa continuidade e desenvolvimento de perspectivas do teatro infantil e apontar um vínculo inesperado entre as experiências soviéticas, alemãs e brasileiras. Como ponto de encontro dessas práticas, que levam a uma atualização necessária da obra de Lacis, serão analisadas as experiências de ensino e teatro infantil do Teatro-escola Célia Helena e da Casa do Teatro, sediados em São Paulo, Brasil. / This thesis reconstructs the personal and artistic career of Asja Lacis (18911979), emphasizing her importance for the formulation of new theories and practices of theater with and for children. To this end, it contextualizes and analyzes the important text by Walter Benjamin, Program for a Proletarian Childrens Theater, written in light of the Latvian artists work and reflections. The thesis demonstrates a certain continuity and development of perspectives of childrens theater and points to an unexpected link between the Soviet, German and Brazilian experiences. An analysis of confluences and common threads seen specifically in the work of the Teatro-escola Celia Helena and the Casa do Teatro, both headquartered in São Paulo, indicates a need for the updating of Laciss work in regard to childrens education and theater with children.

[pt] Em 1921, Walter Benjamin publicou, com apenas 28 anos, seu controverso ensaio Da crítica da violência, representando um acerto com o modelo republicano de governança e desenvolvimento à luz da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Identificando uma relação intrínseca e necessária entre autoridade legal e violência física, Da crítica da violência tem se tornado um texto altamente influente para a discussão de violência na política, inspirando teóricos tão diferentes como Carl Schmitt, Herbert Marcuse, Jurgen Habermas, Jacques Derrida e Giorgio Agamben. Esta dissertação de mestrado propõe uma leitura do ensaio benjaminiano que o entende primeiramente como resposta à filosofia crítica e política de Immanuel Kant. Discutindo os conceitos de crítica, política vis-à-vis violência e história nas obras dos dois autores, essa dissertação visa esclarecer as divergências e também paralelas nos pensamentos dos dois autores, argumentando que ambos autores defendem uma visão que considera a violência como o único meio para alcançar a liberdade. / [en] In 1921, Walter Benjamin published, at the age of only 28, his controversial essay Critique of violence, representing an account on the republican model of governance and development in the light of the First World War. Identifying an intrinsic and necessary relationship between legal authority and physical violence, Critique of violence has become a highly influential text for the discussion on the role of violence in politics, inspiring theorists as different as Carl Schmitt, Herbert Marcuse, Jurgen Habermas, Jacques Derrida and Giorgio Agamben. This master thesis proposes a reading of Benjamin s essay which it comprehends primarily as an answer to the critical and political philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Discussing the concepts of critique, politics vis-à-vis violence, and history in the works of both authors, this master thesis has the goal to clarify the divergences but also the parallels within the thought of both authors, arguing that both authors defend a position which considers violence as the only means for achieving freedom.

Esta tese reconstitui a trajetória pessoal e artística de Asja Lacis (1891-1979), enfatizando sua importância para a formulação de novas teorias e práticas do teatro com e para crianças. Nesse sentido, contextualiza e analisa o importante texto de Walter Benjamin, Programa de um teatro infantil proletário, elaborado a partir de obras e reflexões da artista leta. A tese pretende ainda demonstrar certa continuidade e desenvolvimento de perspectivas do teatro infantil e apontar um vínculo inesperado entre as experiências soviéticas, alemãs e brasileiras. Como ponto de encontro dessas práticas, que levam a uma atualização necessária da obra de Lacis, serão analisadas as experiências de ensino e teatro infantil do Teatro-escola Célia Helena e da Casa do Teatro, sediados em São Paulo, Brasil. / This thesis reconstructs the personal and artistic career of Asja Lacis (18911979), emphasizing her importance for the formulation of new theories and practices of theater with and for children. To this end, it contextualizes and analyzes the important text by Walter Benjamin, Program for a Proletarian Childrens Theater, written in light of the Latvian artists work and reflections. The thesis demonstrates a certain continuity and development of perspectives of childrens theater and points to an unexpected link between the Soviet, German and Brazilian experiences. An analysis of confluences and common threads seen specifically in the work of the Teatro-escola Celia Helena and the Casa do Teatro, both headquartered in São Paulo, indicates a need for the updating of Laciss work in regard to childrens education and theater with children.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Dropa.pdf: 9339444 bytes, checksum: 6f02e3c2d9f9285ea40b3ac8e3095b56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / This research construction had as basic reference the question that Walter Benjamin makes relative to the value of the Cultural Heritage without that experience link him to the community. From the theoretical assumption of critical theory, identifies that the critical knowledge wants to show two situations: first, that the traditional scientific production is partial and, secondly, that the appearance to which it is limited is the same produced by capital in its logic illusive- equality and freedom. The goals of this research are focused on analyzing the potential and limitations of memory from elderly people in establishing how heritage education strategy, taking as a reference the concepts of Benjamin (2004), concerning the memory, experience, narration on these days; discuss the field of Cultural Heritage and the role of heritage education, pointing the advances of public policies in the process of community sensibility about the importance and value of preservation; and, yet, get the narration of the elderly people in the enlargement of the stories that have not been spoken for history considered official.Thus, the search was made for the search, in the memory of the elderly people, of narratives that would provoke the re-elaboration of new and thought-provoking stories about the Cultural Patrimony of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The methodological procedures followed the following steps: epistemological and theoretical definition concerning the categories of the research and articulation between Walter Benjamin and Critical Theory, in the process of argumentation of the experience of the elderly people and the patrimonial education; definition of the spaces and actors of the research; collection of narrations, transcription and composition of stories, grouped by similarities .The thesis is divided into four parts: the construction of concepts from the theoretical assumptions of Walter Benjamin; the contextualization of Cultural Heritage and the Heritage Education; the presentation of the theoretical history of the places chosen; and, finally, the speech of the elderly people in the composition of selected for writing another story. It is the understanding that make history is also narrate the past, from new looks of this present. Allyingthe question of experience, memory, memory and narration has become a personal concern of the researcher, combined with the search for new ways to sustain preservation and, consequently, to subsidize Patrimonial Education, contributing to cultural valorization through new strategies of dialogue with the architectural references. / A construção desta tese teve como referência básica a indagação que Walter Benjamin faz em relação ao valor do Patrimônio Cultural sem que a experiência o vincule à comunidade. A partir do pressuposto teórico da Teoria Crítica, identifica-se que o conhecimento crítico quer mostrar duas situações: em primeiro lugar, que a produção científica tradicional é parcial e, em segundo lugar, que a aparência à qual ela se limita é a mesma produzida pelo capital na sua lógica ilusóriaigualdade e liberdade. Os objetivos desta pesquisa concentram-se em analisar as potencialidades e limitações da memória de idosos em se instituir como estratégia para a Educação Patrimonial, tomando como referencial os conceitos de Benjamin (2004), relativos à Memória, Experiência, Narração e ao Tempo do Agora; problematizar o campo do Patrimônio Cultural e o papel da Educação Patrimonial, apontando os avanços das políticas públicas no processo de sensibilização da comunidade acerca da importância e valorização da preservação; e, ainda, buscar na narração do idoso o alargamento das histórias que não foram ditas pela história considerada oficial. Assim, partiu-se para a busca, na memória de idosos, de narrações que suscitassem a reelaboração de novas e instigantes histórias sobre os Patrimônios Culturais de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Os procedimentos metodológicos seguiram as etapas: definição epistemológica e teórica relativa às categorias da pesquisa e articulação entre Walter Benjamin e a Teoria Crítica, no processo de argumentação da experiência dos idosos e a educação patrimonial; definição dos espaços e atores da pesquisa; coleta de narrações, transcrição e composição das histórias, agrupadas por semelhanças. A tese está dividida em quatro partes: a construção de conceitos a partir dos pressupostos teóricos de Walter Benjamin; a contextualização do Patrimônio Cultural e da Educação Patrimonial; a apresentação do referencial histórico dos locais escolhidos; e, por fim, a fala dos idosos na composição de referenciais para a escrita de uma outra história. Considera-se o entendimento de que fazer história é também narrar o passado, a partir de novos olhares do presente. Aliar a questão da experiência, da lembrança, da memória e da narração passou a ser uma preocupação pessoal da pesquisadora, aliada à busca de novos caminhos para sustentar a preservação e, consequentemente, subsidiar a Educação Patrimonial, contribuindo com a valorização cultural, por meio de novas estratégias de diálogo com os referenciais arquitetônicos.

Entre hier et aujourd’hui, entre la culture spectaculaire de la fin du XIXe siècle, le cinéma et la pratique des jeux vidéo, cette thèse explore les enjeux critiques d’une pensée des rapports du corps à la machine au prisme de la notion benjaminienne d’innervation. A partir d’une notion historiographique élaborée au sein de la thèse, celle de « continuité critique » qui consiste à déterminer des phénomènes de permanence à travers l’histoire, notre travail vise à définir une critique opératoire des nouveaux médias. Depuis les notions d’innervation et de continuité critique, nous étudions dans une perspective historique et théorique deux « états du corps » déterminant des points de résonance manifestes entre passé et présent. L’un se situe au tournant du siècle, l’autre au cours des années 1980. Le premier concerne le devenir-attraction des machines autour de 1900. Dans le prolongement de Tom Gunning nous pensons une telle attraction dans les termes d’un corps à corps entre le spectateur et la machine. À travers la culture visuelle et spectaculaire fin-de-siècle, nous identifions un motif récurrent : le voyage immobile. Nous étudions alors l’actualité critique d’un tel motif jusqu’à nos jours comme quelque chose qui, en dépit des innovations techniques, n’a pas changé. Le second état s’intéresse cette fois-ci aux transformations qui concernent les rapports du corps à l’écran dans la pratique du jeu vidéo. Il s’agit d’étudier cette fois-ci un ensemble de représentations qui apparaissent entre le début des années 1980 et le milieu des années 1990 et attestant la récurrence d’un autre motif : l’écran traversé. L’étude de ces deux motifs nous permet, par le biais de l’histoire, de formuler une critique des nouveaux médias sur le terrain-même de la nouveauté. / Between past and present, between the turn-of-the-century spectacular culture, cinema and video games, our thesis explores the critical aspects of body-machine relationships understandings regarding Walter Benjamin’s concept of innervation. From a historiographical concept formulated within this work, i. e. “critical continuity” which consists in crafting permanencies though history, our purpose is to delineate an operating critic of the new media. From the concepts of innervation and critical continuity, we explore two defining “state of body” to draw resonances between past and present. One takes place at the turn of the century while the other takes place during the 1980’s. The former concerns the becoming-attraction of the machines circa 1900. Extending Tom Gunning’s concept, we understand such an attraction as a corporeal relationship between the spectator’s body and the machine. Through 1900’s visual and spectacular culture, we examine a recurring topos: the immobile voyage. We find and explore the critical topicality of such a topos up to present day as something that has never changed despite technical innovations. The latter state explores the transformations regarding the body-screen relationships in video game practice. We study a collection of representations appearing between the early 1980’s up to the middle of the 1990’s featuring another recurring topos: the screen crossed whether by the game’s universe whether by the player. These two topoi help us to conceive a critic of the new media on the very basis of novelty.

Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T18:33:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rosana-biondillo.pdf: 781686 bytes, checksum: 01ba1b8c79672ed37d4c137f821dd204 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-22T19:00:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rosana-biondillo.pdf: 781686 bytes, checksum: 01ba1b8c79672ed37d4c137f821dd204 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T19:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-rosana-biondillo.pdf: 781686 bytes, checksum: 01ba1b8c79672ed37d4c137f821dd204 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o flâneur no pensamento de Walter Benjamin. Nos concentraremos especialmente no seu modelo de existência que atesta a crise da experiência na modernidade – modelo este caracterizado tanto pelo declínio da experiência tradicional (Erfahrung) como pelo surgimento da vivência do choque (Chockerlebnis). Em consequência dessa crise, o flâneur tornase o retrato do intelectual/artista que precisa refletir sobre sua própria situação histórica para que possa compreender e tentar redefinir seu papel e sua atuação sociais sob pena de sucumbir às demandas do mercado no cenário capitalista pósRevolução Industrial, marcado pelos meios de produção e por mudanças na percepção humana com o avanço da técnica e da urbanização no século XIX e início do XX. Como um tipo que vive no limiar (Schwelle) entre o passado histórico – representado pelo tempo da tradição e da transmissão de experiências coletivas duradouras e compartilháveis – e o presente – representado pela vivência do choque, que marca o tempo moderno da imediatez, da repetição, da reprodução incessante e do consumo que transforma todas as coisas em mercadorias – Benjamin apresenta o flâneur como aquele que ainda dispõe de fragmentos da verdadeira experiência histórica e, por reconhecer a distância que o afasta dessa experiência, ele representa a busca por uma consciência histórica atual. / The aim of this research is the flâneur in Walter Benjamin's thought. We will look specially upon his model of existence which testifies modernity's experience crisis characterized by the decline of the traditional experience (Erfahrung) as well as the arising of chock experience (Chockerlebnis). In the account of this crisis, the flâneur becomes the portrait of the intellectual/artist who needs to rethink upon his own historical position in order to comprehend and remodel his role as well as social behavior, otherwise he may fall into the market demands in a capitalistic postIndustrial Revolution scenario, labelled by the means of production and by the changes in human perception derived from technical advancement and reurbanization in the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth. As a type living in between historical past – represented by time of tradition and transmission of long lasting and sharing collective experiences – and present – represented by shock experience which conceives modern time as immediacy, repetition, uninterrupted reproduction, and consumption which transforms everything into commodities – Benjamin presents the flâneur as the one who still disposes of fragments of real historical experience, and that by recognizing the distance which sets him apart from this same experience, he represents the quest for real historical conciousness.

O presente trabalho visa investigar os conceitos de crítica e experiência na obra de Walter Benjamin em torno dos anos de 1920, como resultado dos desdobramentos do Programa de 1918, de modo a pôr em relevo seu entrelaçamento com os conceitos de mito e Iluminismo. Para tanto, este trabalho concentra-se no estudo da dissertação de doutoramento do filósofo acerca do romantismo de Iena, bem como seu ensaio crítico sobre As afinidades eletivas de Goethe. Quanto ao primeiro, mostra-se que o conceito de crítica imanente une-se às perspectivas da filosofia e poesia românticas, o que se deve, em especial, ao messianismo presente veladamente no conceito de reflexão. No segundo, tem-se em vista o problema da crítica e da experiência em nova chave, cujos desdobramentos assinalam as relações entre mito e Iluminismo, o que também inclui uma crítica ao eterno retorno, a concepção mítica do tempo. / The present paper aims to investigate the concepts of critique and experience in the work of Walter Benjamin written in the years around 1920, which was derived from On the program of the coming philosophy written in 1918 and thus to highlight their intertwined relationship with the concepts of myth and Enlightenment. To do so, this paper focuses on Benjamin\'s doctorate thesis, The concept of art criticism in German romanticism, as well as on his critical essay on Goethes Elective Affinities. Regarding the first one, we show that the concept of immanent critique joins the perspectives of romantic philosophy and poetics, which is particularly due to the hidden presence of messianism in the concept of reflection. In the second one, we focus on the problem of critique and experience in a new formulation, whose developments show the relations between myth and Enlightenment, which also includes a critique of the eternal return, the mythical concept of time.

Chris Marker, (1921-2012) qui photographie et filme des lieux divers dans le monde entier, avait pour thème de prédilection la ville. En effet, ce lieu de circulation et de mobilité, dépassant toutes les clôtures, se prête particulièrement aux œuvres markériennes, caractérisées par l’entrecroisement de différents espace-temps, et par l’expérience de l’altérité. En étant à la fois cinéaste et voyageur, les images de la ville capturées par Marker se caractérisent par le déplacement, en particulier par l’expérience de la flânerie, qui constitue un élément essentiel de la réflexion philosophique sur la ville moderne de Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). Pour cette raison, cette thèse est consacrée à l’analyse des œuvres de Marker autour du thème de la flânerie. Ainsi, au cours de trois parties, nous travaillerons des concepts reliées à la flânerie : le seuil, l’allégorie, et le chiffonnier. Ces travaux thématiques nous aideront à comprendre la stratification complexe de l’espace-temps, le caractère transitoire, et l’art de l’assemblage dans les images markériennes. Ces recherches sont finalement élargies à la notion de la navigation comme version renouvelée de flânerie, pour analyser l’espace de L’Ouvroir, le monde virtuel crée sur Second Life par Marker dans sa dernière période. Par conséquence, à la lumière des problématiques abordées par la flânerie, on comprend que la création artistique de Marker est fondée sur la quête continuelle de nouvelles expérience visuelles qui remettent en question la modernité et la représentation cinématographique. / Chris Marker (1921-2012) is a filmmaker, who took photos and filmed various places by travelling all over the world. The city had been one of the important subjects for Marker’s works. Suppose every metropolis is essentially a limitless place, filled with flow and mobility, Marker’s works, described as intersection of different time and space and “otherness,” can be said that they inherit the nature of metropolis. Being filmmaker and traveler, Marker’s images of city are often characterized by “moving”, particularly by the experience of flânerie (stroll), which constitutes element of philosophical reflection of modern city by Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). In order to make this point clear, this dissertation deals with the films of Marker using Benjamin’s concept flânerie, as a major analyzing concept. Using four key concepts, threshold, allegory, and rag-and-bone man related to the experience of flânerie, this dissertation dissects the complex stratification of “space-time”, the “ephemeral character”, and the “art of collecting” in the images of Marker. Also, bringing the new concept “navigation”, as a renewed version of flânerie, the space of L’Ouvroir, the territorialities of Second Life, created in Marker’s last years of his life is analyzed. As a result, in the light of the issues raised by flânerie, we understand that Chris Marker problematizes the modernity and the system of cinematic representation based on the continual search for new visual experience.

Le travail artistique ne se construit pas sur une question préalable mais sur l’émergence toujours renouvelée de questions imprévisibles.L’oeuvre d’art à l’époque de sa discrétion technique tire bien évidemment son titre du texte de Walter Benjamin L’oeuvre d’art à l’époque de sa reproductibilité technique. Dans son texte, Benjamin essaie d’envisager les conséquences esthétiques et politiques de la reproductibilité technique. Nous essayons (modestement) de reposer la même question à l’heure du numérique.Cette question n’était pas donnée d’emblée. Elle est apparue dans le tressage complexe de la pratique. Dans ce tressage de problématiques apportées par la pratique elle-même, deux temps sont aujourd’hui visibles :- le temps de la reproductibilité technique, du livre d’artiste et du don ;- le temps de la discrétion, du numérique et de la disponibilité.Ces questions sont apparues de proche en proche et jamais selon un plan préétabli. Le travail d’analyse, n’est donc pas la recherche d’une stratégie ou d’un plan préexistant mais le relevé a posteriori d’un territoire découvert par une marche dans un pays inconnu.Ce tressage continu de la pratique et de la théorie est présent dans l’écriture même de la thèse. S’y mêlent à égalité des oeuvres plastiques, des textes littéraires, des articles, des manifestes et des écrits théoriques. / Artistic work is not built on a previous question but always renewed by the emergence of unforeseen issues.The Work of Art in the Age of Technical Discretion obviously takes its title from the text of Walter Benjamin The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. In his text, Benjamin tries to consider the aesthetic and political consequences of technical reproducibility. We try (modestly) to ask the same question in the digital age.This question was not immediately given. It appeared in the complex braiding practice. In this weaving problems introduced by the practice itself, two times are now visible:- Time of technical reproducibility, artist’s book and gift;- The time of discretion, digital and availability.These questions have arisen step by step and not according to a predetermined plan. The analytical work, therefore, is not looking for a pre-existing strategy or plan, but the survey retrospectively territory discovered by a walk in an unknown country.This continuous braiding of practice and theory is in the writing of the thesis too. Mingle with equal plastic works, literary texts, articles, manifestos and theoretical writings.

[pt] A palavra grega logos é fundamental no desenvolvimento do pensamento ocidental. Através do logos, da palavra, Deus cria o mundo nas tradições religiosas judaico-cristãs. Dentro da filosofia moderna ocidental, o logos é entendido principalmente no sentido da razão e da racionalidade. A presente pesquisa apresenta a hipótese de que o pensamento de Walter Benjamin interpreta o logos como linguagem, unificando campos que, de outra forma, estariam cindidos no pensamento. A interpretação do teórico alemão permite, aqui se defende, transformar as bases da filosofia ocidental pela ressignificação de temas reprimidos, tais como o mito, a arte e a história. A linguagem se mostra nessa interpretação estruturante da própria realidade. A essência das coisas é de natureza linguística; cabe ao homem traduzir e interpretar o mundo. Essa reflexão retoma a noção pré-moderna de leitura do mundo, suplantada pela ascensão da análise matemática das coisas, posta em cena pela revolução científica. A retomada da centralidade da linguagem propicia, em suma, o desenvolvimento de uma concepção alternativa dos conceitos de verdade e de experiência. Pois os conceitos não se fundamentam mais em valores eternos e universais, mas inseridos de modo pleno na precariedade da história e da linguagem humana. É o que este trabalho se ocupa de trazer à luz. / [en] The Greek word logos was fundamental for the development of Western thinking. Through logos, the word, God created the world in Judeo-Christian religious traditions. However, in Western modern philosophy, logos is understood mainly as reason and rationality. This study hypothesizes that Walter Benjamin s thinking interprets logos as language, thus unifying fields that would otherwise be divided. The interpretation of the German theoretician allows — as this study argues — for a change at the basis of western philosophy by giving new meaning to repressed themes such as myth, art and history. Language is a structuring interpretation of reality. The essence of things is linguistic: people translate and interpret the world. This brings back the pre-modern idea of reading the world, which was replaced by mathematical analyses, put forth by the scientific revolution. The recovery of the centrality of language allows, in sum, for alternative ideas regarding truth and experience to emerge. The two ideas are no longer based on eternal, universal values, but fully a part of the precariousness of history and human language. This is what this study aims at bringing to light.