One of the outstanding aspects of nineteenth-century romanticism was its preoccupation with the past. This interest in the music or the old masters has lasted well into the twentieth century, and one whose lifetime bridged the two centuries was the composer Max Reger (1873-1916). Reger's admiration for the music of the past pervaded his own works. His preference for contrapuntal textures and devices, his use of baroque forms, his distaste for program music--all bespeak Reger's especial interest in the old masters, particularly in 5. S. Bach. These qualities led some to regard him as the successor of Johannes Brahms, who held similar tenets. Because of his particular interest in composing for the organ, Reger was viewed as a "nineteenth-century Bach."

The topic of this thesis is analysis of the International Women's Day, Peace Race and first day of a school year as normalization rituals. The aim of these rituals was to mediate and consolidate the official state ideology and transform the whole society. Each of these events is analysed in three steps - in the first step is described the ideological content, in the second step is probed the way of projecting this ideology into the rituals and in the third step are analysed the actors themselves. If they adopted the ideological practise and what were their motivation to participate in these rituals.

Materials at extreme conditions exhibit properties that differ substantially from ambient conditions. High pressure and high temperature expose anharmonic, non-linear behavior, and can provoke phase transitions among other effects. Experimental setups to study that sort of effects are typically costly and experiments themselves are laborious. It is common to apply theoretical techniques in order to provide a road-map for experimental research. In this thesis I cover computational algorithms based on first-principles calculations for high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. The two thoroughly described algorithms are: 1) the free energy studies using temperature-dependent effective potential method (TDEP), and 2) a higher-order elastic constants calculation procedure. The algorithms are described in an easy to follow manner with motivation for every step covered. The Free energy calculation algorithm is demonstrated with applications to hexagonal close-packed Iron at the conditions close to the inner Earth Core’s. The algorithm of elastic constants calculation is demonstrated with application to Molybdenum, Tantalum, and Niobium. Other projects included in the thesis are the study of effects of van der Waals corrections on the graphite and diamond equations of state. / Material vid extrema förhållanden uppvisar egenskaper som skiljer sig avsevärt från omgivningsförhållanden. Högt tryck och hög temperatur exponera anharmonicity, icke-linjärt beteende, och kan framkalla fasövergångar bland andra effekter. Experimentella uppställningar för att studera denna typ av effekter är vanligtvis dyra och experiment själva är mödosam. Det är vanligt att tillämpa teoretiska metoder för att ge en färdplan för experimentell forskning. I denna avhandling täcker jag beräkningsalgoritmer baserat på första principer beräkningar för hög temperatur och högt tryck. De två grundligt beskrivna algoritmer är: 1) den fria energin studier med temperaturberoende effektiv potentiell metod (TDEP), och 2) en högre ordning elastiska konstantberäkningsproceduren. Algoritmerna beskrivs i en lätt att följa sätt med motivation för varje steg som omfattas. Den fria energiberäkningsalgoritm visas med program till hexagonal tätpackad järn på villkoren nära jordens inre kärna. Algoritmen av elastiska konstanter beräkning demonstreras med tillämpning till molybden, tantal, och niob. Andra projekt som ingår i avhandlingen är effekterna av van der Waals-korrigeringar på tillståndsekvation och elastiska konstanter i grafit och diamant.

The aim of this composition is using the theories of communicative action and political legitimacy to understand and analyze which role politics and the political incitement had for Gustaf III in his actions and decision to legitimize the adoption of increased rights for Jews in the late 18th century. The results showed that Gustaf III of Sweden used the adoption of increased rights to the Jews to legitimize his power and win recognition as a King. It was important for the King to gain reputation and honor. Together with the acts of the communicative in order to achieve a consensus with other peoples, the political incitement was the main reason why Gustaf III of Sweden adopted increased rights to the Jews during the 18th century. Jewish settlement in Sweden was not just about a question of tolerance and freedom of religion. If we visible the power configuration it becoming more of a question about political incitement. The King and his followers used the Jewish settlement to raise capital from the Jews which involved the circulation of money in Sweden. By the adoption of increased rights for the Jews Gustaf III also won an recognition as King of certain individuals groups. Especiallyof royals in Europe but also in the bureaucracy in Sweden. For example the National Board of Trade supported the king och helped him to a adopt various rights to the Jews. We could not explain all the actions and decisions of the Gustaf III with the the political incitement , but for me the political ingression helped to understanding the action of the King in matters of giving a limited religious freedom to the Jews.

This master thesis deals with one of the current trends in cinema - the so-called climate change film. Film as a popular medium is able to influence public debate and this paper's main objective is to explain how environmental issues can be portrayed in film and how such films shape the climate change debate. In the first, theoretical part of this thesis, the aim is to briefly introduce the history and context of climate change debate from the 1970s to the present day based on sources primarily from interdisciplinary cultural and environmental studies. It also explains how environmental problems started to arise in different art spheres, above all in American cinema from 1995 to the present. The second part analyzes four American feature films of different genres: The Day After Tomorrow (2004) directed by Roland Emmerich's, The Road (2009) directed by John Hillcoat, Before the Flood (2016) directed by Fisher Stevens and Darren Aronofsky's mother! (2017). The final chapter summarizes the findings, explains the currently prevalent apocalyptic narrative and discusses why such approach is not effective and how filmmakers need to transform climate change stories into positive narratives that inspire change and hope.

Legal, accounting and tax aspects of transformations of companies. The presented dissertation focuses on transformation of companies. The work provides the accounting, tax and legal perspective of company transformations with the goal of interconnecting these perspectives and providing the reader with a deeper insight into company transformations. The accounting perspective is often directly connected to the tax perspective. The individual forms of transformation are discussed in the work, including their graphic model-showcasing, followed by individual basic company transformation elements and institutions related to company transformations. The individual elements are also put into historical context. Basic principles affecting company transformations and their impact primarily on the tax area are discussed within the individual views of transformation. The individual elements, institutions and principles are further examined first separately in general and then with regard to their interrelations and ways they affect one another. To conclude, a step by step scenario of one of the forms of transformation, namely split, is provided.

In 2006 a new law in Sweden let refugees apply for asylum on the grounds of them being in need of protection due to their gender or sexual orientation. Due to this law, the Swedish migration authority are the ones who decide whether or not a person has made it likely to be of a certain gender or sexual preference and whether or not they are in need of protection in Sweden due to this. The asylum process thus becomes a clear example of how norms for gender and sexuality are constructed and reproduced by the government. The limited research about sexual orientation, gender and asylum in Sweden, which in itself was a reason for this paper, stated that there were limited definitions and guidelines on the subject which made decision-making depend on the person in authority. The aim of this study were to understand how the construction of gender and sexuality are made within asylum-cases through analyzing two cases from the Swedish Supreme Court of Migration (Migrationsöverdomstolen) and the government-proposition of the 2006 migration-law. To meet the purpose of the study’s aim, the research questions used were, what constructs of gender and sexuality could be found in asylum-cases and which discourse of gender and sexuality could be seen as ruling in legislations and judgements. To understand this we used a social constructivist approach and Judith Butlers theory about the heterosexual matrix. The main findings were that constructions of sexuality is categorized in terms of homo-, bi- and heterosexual orientation. Hence, the Swedish government produces and reproduces western designations of sexuality as valid, while leaving non-western designations invalid. Further more, our study shows that this is all done under a heterosexual norm that produces and reproduces a binary perception of gender, consisting of male and female as opposites. Hence, the discourse links gender and sexuality together under the heterosexual matrix. While previous reports and research show that decisions are depending on individual decision-makers, this study shows that both the decisions and the decision-makers are depending on the judicial and societal discourse.

Dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) blev den 25e maj 2018 obligatorisk att följa för alla organisationer inom Europa som samlar in och behandlar personuppgifter. Dataskyddsförordningen ersatte Personuppgiftslagen som tidigare varit den lag som inom Sverige reglerat hur organisationer får behandla personuppgifter. En central del av Dataskyddsförordningen är den enskildes rättigheter som består av 8 punkter och redogör för vilka rättigheter som en enskild har när en organisation behandlar personuppgifter. Mycket av det som tidigare gällde i personuppgiftslagen har utökats genom den enskildes rättigheter och därmed har organisationer som behandlar personuppgifter fått förändra sin verksamhet för att möta de nya kraven. Syftet med arbetet är att reda ut på vilka sätt som den enskildes rättigheter har påverkat en organisation för att kunna efterleva de nya kraven. Genom en litteraturstudie identifierades forskning som publicerades innan Dataskyddsförordningen blev obligatorisk som analyserar och redogör för hur organisationer bör påverkas av Dataskyddsförordnigen. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod beståendes av intervjuer genomfördes en fallstudie för att ta reda på vilken faktiskt påverkan som den enskildes rättigheter inneburit i form av vilka anpassningar som organisationen behövt göra för att anses vara i fas med lagkraven. Resultatet analyserades och jämfördes med den forskning som identifierats för att kunna dra slutsatser kring den faktiska påverkan som rättigheterna inneburit. Resultatet visar på vilka sätt som den enskildes rättigheter har påverkat organisationen i form av nya administrativa processer, rutiner och teknisk funktionalitet för att kunna möta de krav som den enskildes rättigheter kräver. / The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) became mandatory on 25 May 2018 for all organizations within Europe who collect and process personal data. The General Data Protection Regulation replaced the Personal Data Act, which previously was the law that regulated in Sweden how organizations may process personal data. A central part of the GDPR is the individual's rights which consist of 8 rights and describe what rights an individual has when an organization processes their personal data. Much of what previously applied in the Personal Data Act has been expanded through the individual's rights and thus organizations that process personal data have had to change their organization to meet the new requirements. The purpose of this thesis is to sort out in what ways the individual's rights have affected an organization in order to comply with the new requirements. By the use of a literature study, research has been identified that was published prior to the GDPR became mandatory which analyzes and describes how organizations should be affected by the data protection ordinance. With the help of a qualitative method, interviews were conducted via a case study to find out what actual impact the individual's rights lead to in the form of which adjustments the organization needed to make in order to be considered in phase with the legal requirements. The result of the interviews was analyzed and compared with the previously identified research to be able to draw conclusions about the actual impact of the new rights. The result shows in what ways the individual's rights have affected the organization in the form of new administrative processes, routines and technical functionality in order to meet the requirements that the individual's rights require.

Salt is a common substance of which the structure has been investigated in this study. Molecular dynamics simulations has been performed of a solution of Caesium Chloride in water for four different concentrations. Radial distribution functions show a change in the structure of oxygen-oxygen with increasing concentration, especially for the second solvent shell. Contributions of the ions increases the separation between the water molecules and a long range peak of approximately 0.9 nm appears for higher concentrations. The results can be compared with experimental results performed at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. These distances are much longer (around 3.4 Å) and shows signs of cluster formation.

Children and adolescents that reappear for investigation in the Child Protective Services (CPS) can be interpreted as an issue for the social services ambitions to provide service for potential families in need of assistance. This study was based on information gathered from social workers investigating the situation for 882 children during two months, in two municipalities in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and being the subject of more than one previous investigation at the CPS. The study provides an estimate of the likelihood of  being the subject of more than one previous investigation. Results show that certain adversities concerning the child and in the family situation increased the odds of having been exposed to several investigations. Findings from the study also show that the risk of being investigated several times increases incrementally with accumulated adverse childhood experiences.