Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-08-12T19:31:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Renata Carvalho dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 4216067 bytes, checksum: ddcb3d7a0053d67a782d1528c6bcbf7e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-15T13:59:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Renata Carvalho dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 4216067 bytes, checksum: ddcb3d7a0053d67a782d1528c6bcbf7e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T13:59:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Renata Carvalho dos Santos - 2016.pdf: 4216067 bytes, checksum: ddcb3d7a0053d67a782d1528c6bcbf7e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Quilombolas communities are ethnic group defined by self-definition criteria and presumption of black ancestry. There are few studies and data about health of these subjects, and between available study highlight higher prevalence of overweight and related diseases. However, national survey data also show that anemia and malnutrition are prevalent among black women and children. Nevertheless, lacking most comprehensive studies to understand the health profile of quilombo population from Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate nutritional status, anemia frequency and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and elderly from quilombolas communities of Goias state/Brazil. We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study with 287 subjects. Were performed anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, and calculated BMI and Waist to height ratio - WHtR) blood tests (complete blood count, serum ferritin, fasting glucose and lipid profile), and socioeconomic and demographic questionnaire. The first article discussed the rate of anemia and iron deficiency and its relationship to overweight. Frequency of anemia and iron deficiency was low (5,9% and 4,7% respectively) and wasn’t association with overweight. Women had higher overweight than men, and men had higher underweight. BMI was higher in urban communities and in adults. Hemoglobin was lower in urban communities (p<0,05). The correlation indicated that increasing BMI is accompanied by decreases in hemoglobin and ferritin. RBC indices indicated 10,9% of microcytosis and 9,4% of anisocytosis. The second article discusses the assessment of nutritional status and association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Participants presented 54,4% of overweight and 67,9% higher waist-to-height ratio. The group with overweight differs from the eutrophic group in relation to HDL, VLDL, TG, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets. And 15.2% of the population had three or more metabolic risk factors, moreover, in this group, leukocytes and lymphocytes were significantly higher. Women had more metabolic abnormalities than men. In conclusion, the main health problem in these communities refers to overweight and related diseases. Metabolic abnormalities increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which are the leading cause of death in Brazil. The low prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency needs to be better investigated together food consumption. It’s must also be investigated genetics anemia, such as thalassemia and sickle cell due the abnormalities found in RBC indices without decreasing hemoglobin and ferritin. / Comunidades quilombolas são grupos étnicos, definidos pelo critério de auto atribuição que possuem presunção da ancestralidade negra. Existem poucos estudos sobre a saúde desses sujeitos e, entre os existentes destacam-se aqueles que indicam maior prevalência de excesso de peso corporal e doenças associadas. Porém, dados de pesquisas nacionais apontam que a anemia e o baixo peso são altamente prevalentes entre mulheres e crianças negras. Apesar disso, faltam estudos mais abrangentes para compreender o perfil de saúde especificamente da população quilombola. Portanto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar o estado nutricional, frequência de anemia e fatores cardiometabólicos de adultos e idosos de comunidades quilombolas de Goiás. Realizou-se uma pesquisa transversal analítica com 287 sujeitos. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas (peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura, cálculo do índice de massa corporal - IMC e da relação cintura-estatura - RCE), exames de sangue (hemograma completo, ferritina sérica, glicemia de jejum e lipidograma) e questionário socioeconômico e demográfico. O primeiro artigo abordou o índice de anemia e deficiência de ferro e sua relação com o excesso de peso. A frequência de anemia e deficiência de ferro foi baixa (5,9% e 4,7 respectivamente) e não apresentou associação significativa com o IMC. A frequência de excesso de peso foi elevada (52,0%), e as mulheres apresentaram maior porcentagem de sobrepeso/obesidade do que os homens. Na análise comparativa dos valores médios, observou-se que o IMC foi maior nas comunidades urbanas e entre os adultos, e a hemoglobina foi menor nas comunidades urbana (p<0,05). A correlação indicou que o aumento do IMC esteve acompanhado de diminuição da hemoglobina e ferritina Os índices hematimétricos indicaram 10,9% de microcitose e 9,4% de anisocitose. O segundo artigo abordou a avaliação do estado nutricional e a associação com fatores de risco cardiometabólicos. A frequência do excesso de peso foi de 54,4%, e 67,9% dos sujeitos tinham RCE elevada. As variáveis do perfil lipídico, glicêmico e de células brancas apresentaramse alteradas nos grupos com excesso de peso e RCE aumentada. Porém, os parâmetros metabólicos com diferença estatística entre os grupos foram o CT, HDL, VLDL, Triglicerídeos, Leucócitos, Linfócitos e Basófilos. E 15,2% dos participantes tinham três ou mais fatores de risco metabólico, sendo que as mulheres apresentaram mais alterações metabólicas do que os homens. Conclui-se que o principal agravo à saúde nas comunidades investigadas refere-se ao excesso de peso e doenças associadas. As alterações metabólicas aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, que são a principal causa de óbito no Brasil. A baixa prevalência de anemia e deficiência de ferro precisa ser melhor investigada aliada ao consumo alimentar. Considera-se necessário investigar as anemias de causa genética como as talassemias e a falciforme devido as alterações que ocorreram nos índices hematimétricos sem diminuição da hemoglobina e ferritina.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T12:16:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscila Olin Silva - 2016.pdf: 4128507 bytes, checksum: a3681ddc67fbc4ddd0fc3b6b27960072 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T12:17:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscila Olin Silva - 2016.pdf: 4128507 bytes, checksum: a3681ddc67fbc4ddd0fc3b6b27960072 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-03T12:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscila Olin Silva - 2016.pdf: 4128507 bytes, checksum: a3681ddc67fbc4ddd0fc3b6b27960072 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos- Finep / Despite the recognized importance in the construction process of the history and identity of Brazil, the quilombo remnants still suffer with lack of access to rights, such as education. In the course of fighting for a contextualized education, the reference point is the National Curriculum Guidelines for Quilombola School Education, which recommend the inclusion of history and culture in quilombola education offered to students of these communities. The study aimed to investigate how the quilombola issue has been addressed in educational and political project of a school that attends students from a remnant quilombo community in Goiás. This is an exploratory and strategic social research with a qualitative approach to information. Semi-structured interviews, conversation wheel, observation of daily activities and analysis of the educational and political school project were conducted. The leadership of quilombola community, school staff and county nutritionist composed the study population.The investigation included aspects related to the general characterization of the school, the school feeding, as well as insertion of quilombola theme at school. The information was analysed in the light of the content analysis in the thematic mode. The municipality has a rural school that attends students from the quilombo. Although not in the community territory, is registered as quilombola school in the School Census, receiving different financial resources to school feeding. Three thematic categories were built: School and food; Quilombola community culture and Quilombola school education. School feeding does not meet the recommended by law and the quilombo food culture is not inserted in school activities. The lack of teacher training and the lack of teaching materials were cited as difficulties to work the quilombola subject in school. The educational and political project does not include everyday aspects of the quilombolastudents‟reality and there is a weak interaction between the school, community, municipal management of education and nutritionist. It is suggested greater coordination of these actors, so that the school's pedagogical proposal has tune with the reality of students, translating into a strengthening of quilombola culture and responding to recommended by law and demands of the community / Apesar da reconhecida importância no processo de construção da história e identidade do Brasil, os remanescentes de quilombos ainda sofrem com falta de acesso a direitos, como a educação. Na trajetória de luta por uma educação contextualizada, o marco referencial são as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Escolar Quilombola, que recomendam a inserção da história e cultura quilombola na educação ofertada aos estudantes destas comunidades. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar como a temática quilombolatem sido contemplada noprojeto político pedagógico de escola que atende estudantes de uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo em Goiás.Trata-se de uma pesquisa social exploratória e estratégica, com abordagem qualitativa das informações. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, roda de conversa, observação das atividades cotidianas e análise do projeto políticopedagógico da escola. A população do estudo foi composta pela liderança da comunidade quilombola, equipe escolar e nutricionista do município. A investigação incluiu aspectos relacionados à caraterização geral da escola, àalimentação escolar, além da inserção da temática quilombolana escola. As informações foram trabalhadas à luz da análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. O município conta com uma escolarural que atende os estudantes oriundos da comunidade quilombola. Apesar de não estar no território da comunidade, está cadastrada como escola quilombola no Censo Escolar, recebendo recurso financeiro diferenciado para a alimentação dos estudantes. Foram construídas três categorias temáticas: Escola e alimentação; Cultura da comunidade quilombola e Educação escolar quilombola. A alimentação escolar não atende ao preconizado pela legislação e a cultura alimentar quilombola não está inserida nas atividades escolares. Afalta de formação docentee a inexistência de materiais didáticos foram citadas como dificuldades para trabalhar a temática quilombola na escola. O projeto político pedagógico não contempla aspectos cotidianos da realidade dos estudantes quilombolas e há uma interação frágilentre a escola, a comunidade, a gestão municipal da educação e a nutricionista. Sugere-se maior articulação desses atores, a fim de que a proposta pedagógica da escola tenha sintonia com a realidadedos estudantes, se traduzindo em um fortalecimento da cultura quilombola e respondendo ao preconizado pela legislação e demandas da comunidade.

O presente estudo analisa, numa perspectiva comparativa, as narrativas Ponciá Vicêncio, de Conceição Evaristo e Um rio chamado tempo, uma casa chamada terra de Mia Couto( António Emílio Leite Couto). A hipótese principal da pesquisa é a de que nos textos, cada qual ao seu modo, e compreendidos na esteira das produções culturais da diáspora negra, a morte e ancestralidade, motivos de nossas análises, figuram como temas emergentes de um contexto de ação transnacional da diáspora negra de tal modo que evidenciam as relações conflituosas e encenam os desejos utópicos dos racialmente sujeitados pela modernidade que voluntariamente adulteram, inclusive, os modos de representação literários. Para que se tornasse possível a realização do estudo contamos com os subsídios dos seguintes autores: Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, e Èdouard Glissant. / The present study analyzed, in a comparative perspective, the narratives Ponciá Vicêncio, from Conceição Evaristo and A river called time, a house called earth from Mia Couto (António Emílio Leite Couto). The research main hypothesis is that inside the texts, each one in your own way, and understood in the course of cultural productions from black diaspora, the death and ancestry, the reason of ours analyses, figure as emergent themes from a context of transnational action due black diaspora, in such way of making evident conflicting relationships and showing the utopian desires from modernity racially subjected that spontaneously, falsify, included, the literary representation ways. In order to realize the task the possibility of this study we count on the following authors assistance: Stuart Hall, Paul Gylroy, e Èdourd Glissant.

O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune com forte componente genético, caracterizada por inflamação crônica e produção de autoanticorpos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o perfil de variação no número de cópias (CNVs) e de regiões de perda de heterozigose (LOH) na patogênese do LES. A detecção de CNVs e LOH foi feita pela metodologia Cytoscan HD array em pacientes com LES (n = 23) e indivíduos saudáveis (n = 110). Devido à formação tri-híbrida da população brasileira, foi desenvolvido e validado um painel de 345 marcadores informativos de ancestralidade, a partir dados provenientes do próprio array, para estimar as proporções de ancestralidade individual e, em última instância, inseri-las nos modelos de regressão logística como variável de controle nas análises de distribuição de CNVs e LOH. O perfil de CNVs evidenciou que o número e o tamanho de duplicações são maiores nos indivíduos saudáveis do que nos pacientes com LES. Duplicações nos genes FCGR3B e ADAM3A foram descritas como fator de proteção ao LES, quando tais genes foram avaliados por PCR quantitativa em maior grupo amostral de pacientes (n = 135) e controles (n = 200). Além disso, mostrou-se o efeito sinérgico da presença da deleção em ambos os loci FCGR3B e ADAM3A no aumento do risco para desenvolver a doença. Deleções em pacientes com LES envolvendo os genes CFHR4, CFHR5 e HLA-DPB2, previamente descritos em associação com o LES na literatura, foram identificadas por array e confirmadas por PCR digital. O protocolo desenvolvido para identificação de variantes raras, resultou em um conjunto de 21 CNVs raras em pacientes com LES. Em relação às regiões de perda de heterozigose, não foram encontradas evidências de que o número médio e a extensão dos segmentos LOH seja diferente entre pacientes e indivíduos saudáveis. No entanto, os cromossomos 6 e 12 em pacientes exibem regiões de perda de heterozigose em maior quantidade e tamanho do que os de indivíduos saudáveis, além de apresentarem 17 segmentos LOH restritos ao grupo de pacientes com LES. Os resultados aqui descritos evidenciam que novos loci de susceptibilidade ao LES podem ser encontrados quando a distribuição de CNVs é analisada em todo o genoma, em que a investigação de sua relação com a patogênese pode contribuir para a compreensão da base genética da doença. / Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a strong genetic background characterized by chronic inflammation and autoantibody production. The purpose of this study was to determine the copy number variation (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiles in the susceptibility to SLE. The detection of CNVs and LOH was performed by the Cytoscan HD array methodology in SLE patients (n = 23) and healthy subjects (n = 110). Due to the tri-hybrid composition of the Brazilian population, a panel of 345 ancestral informative markers was developed and validated, based on data from the array itself, to estimate the proportions of individual ancestry and, ultimately, to insert them into the logistic regression models as a control variable in the analysis of CNV and LOH distribution. The CNVs profile showed that the burden and the size of duplications are higher in healthy individuals than in SLE patients. Duplications in FCGR3B and ADAM3A genes were described as a protective factor for SLE, when these genes were evaluated by quantitative PCR in a larger SLE (n = 135) and control (n = 200) groups. In addition, the synergistic effect of the presence of deletion in both FCGR3B and ADAM3A loci increase the risk of developing the disease. Deletions in SLE patients encompassing the CFHR4, CFHR5 and HLA-DPB2 genes, previously described in the literature in association to SLE, were identified by the array and confirmed by droplet digital PCR. The pipeline developed here for the identification of rare variants resulted in a set of 21 rare CNVs in SLE patients. Regarding the loss of heterozygosity regions, no evidence was found that the mean number and extent of LOH segments is different between patients and healthy individuals. However, the chromosomes 6 and 12 in SLE patients exhibit greater quantity and size of LOH than those of healthy individuals, besides showing 17 LOH segments restricted to the group of SLE. The results described here show that novel susceptibility loci to SLE can be found once the distribution of variants is analyzed throughout the genome, in which the investigation of its relation to the pathogenesis may contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis of the disease.

Esta dissertação consiste num esforço de compreensão referente à prática e à pesquisa teórica tecidas em Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), a partir das relações complexas entre oralidade e escrita e enfatizando alternativas de contribuição próprias da cultura afro-brasileira, esta que é marcada pela força de sua oralidade e de seu pensamento mítico-simbólico. O trabalho partiu da realização de uma oficina no Centro de Integração e Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CIEJA) Campo Limpo, zona sul de São Paulo, que consistiu na apresentação de uma pedagogia sinestésica e escolheu levar à sala de aula elementos fortes da memória cultural afro-brasileira, por seu teor simbólico, para o trato com alunos em fase de letramento. Utilizando-se de instrumentos musicais, vídeos, tecidos, esculturas, poemas, estórias, folhas e plantas, dez encontros centraramse na história e na cultura afro-brasileiras, contemplando assim, também, os esforços em uma implementação efetiva e qualitativa da notória lei 10.639/03. Tendo como fundamentos teóricos os estudos tecidos por Gilbert Durand sobre o Imaginário, mais as concepções de Edgar Morin sobre paradigma, conhecimento e método, a dissertação fundamenta-se ainda nas contribuições de Joseph Campbell, Gaston Bachelard, Michel Maffesoli e Marcos Ferreira Santos sobre as questões centradas em mito, imagem, símbolo, arquétipo e razão sensível. Com a intenção de diferenciar as várias formas de relações que a(s) cultura(s) de matriz(es) africana(s) operou(aram) em relação às culturas hegemônicas na história de nosso país, problematizando os usos indiscriminados dos conceitos sincretismo e hibridismo, baseio-me nos estudos de Muniz Sodré, Leda Maria Martins e Eduardo David de Oliveira, destacando as dimensões de jogo, luta, segredo, regra e ancestralidade que caracterizam a afrobrasilidade, relacionando-as às diretrizes teóricas de Durand. / This dissertation consists in an effort of comprehension related to the practical one and theoretical research weaved in Young and Adults Education, from the complex relations between orality and writing and emphasizing alternatives of contribution peculiars of the afro-Brazilian culture, which is marked by the strength of its orality and its mythical-symbolic thought. The work started from the accomplishment of a workshop a t the Centre of Integration of Youngs and Adults Education (CIEJA) Campo Limpo, south zone of São Paulo, which consisted in a presentation of a sinestesic pedagogy and chose to take to the classroom strong elements of the afro-Brazilian cultural memory, because of its symbolic meaning, (with the goal) related to the treatment of the students in literacy phase. Using musical instruments, videos, textiles, sculptures, poems, stories, leaves and plants in order to construct ten meetings focused in the histor y and Afro-Brazilian culture, also contemplating, in this way, the efforts in a real and qualitative implementation of the well-known law 10.639. Assuming theoretical beddings in the studies weaved by Gilbert Durand about the imaginary and also the conceptions of Edgar Morin about paradigm, knowledge and method, the dissertation still bases on the contributions of Joseph Campbell , Gaston Bachelard, Michel Maffesoli and Marcos Ferreira Santos on the questions centered in myth, image, symbol, archetype and sensible reason. With the intension to differentiate the assorted forms of relations that the culture(s) of African(s) matrix(s) operated in relation to the hegemonic cultures in the histor y of our count ry, analyzing probl ems build up in the indiscriminate uses of the concepts syncretism and hybridism, I took theoretical reference in the studies of Muniz Sodré, Leda Maria Martins and Eduardo David de Oliveira, emphasizing the dimensions of game, struggle, secret, rule and ancestry which is a feature of Afro- brasility relating them to the theoretical lines of Durand.

This study was designed to explore how Chinese elderly informants with diabetes experience and manage their illness at home. The method used in conducting this study was the phenomenological perspective of qualitative research. The Intent of the study was to understand the human experience of living with diabetes and the sociocultural context in which it is lived. Data collection and analysis ran concurrently. Data were collected through a series of interviews with nine Chinese informants who were diagnosed with late onset diabetes and were undergoing insulin treatment at home. Informants' ages ranged for a 69 to 90 years old. All informants are first generation immigrants in Canada. The specific questions that directed this study addressed the Chinese elderly informants' experience of living with diabetes, the meanings they assigned to living with diabetes, and the ways Chinese informants managed their diabetes. Theoretical sampling guided sample selection and determined sample size. The data were constructed based on a total of 21 interviews with the nine informants. As the researcher explored how the informants lived with diabetes, informants gave detailed accounts of how they viewed diabetes. Within the context of how they viewed diabetes, informants described an entire process they went through to make decisions in everyday life as they sought help and managed their illness. Based on informants' accounts, a decision making model was formulated. Informants gave detailed accounts of each step of the decision-making process, together with descriptions of meanings they assigned to each step. The data showed how informants made sense of their experience as they went through each phase of the decision-making process. The descriptions also revealed an "inner logic" used by informants to direct choices they make regarding health matters. In terms of nursing practice, these findings support the need to attend to client decision-making, from the clients' perspectives. The findings also address nurses' need to reevaluate their professional role in relation to clients' needs and expectations. With regard to nursing research, the findings suggest the need to further explore the topic of decision making from both the clients' and nurses' perspectives. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Esta dissertação consiste num esforço de compreensão referente à prática e à pesquisa teórica tecidas em Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), a partir das relações complexas entre oralidade e escrita e enfatizando alternativas de contribuição próprias da cultura afro-brasileira, esta que é marcada pela força de sua oralidade e de seu pensamento mítico-simbólico. O trabalho partiu da realização de uma oficina no Centro de Integração e Educação de Jovens e Adultos (CIEJA) Campo Limpo, zona sul de São Paulo, que consistiu na apresentação de uma pedagogia sinestésica e escolheu levar à sala de aula elementos fortes da memória cultural afro-brasileira, por seu teor simbólico, para o trato com alunos em fase de letramento. Utilizando-se de instrumentos musicais, vídeos, tecidos, esculturas, poemas, estórias, folhas e plantas, dez encontros centraramse na história e na cultura afro-brasileiras, contemplando assim, também, os esforços em uma implementação efetiva e qualitativa da notória lei 10.639/03. Tendo como fundamentos teóricos os estudos tecidos por Gilbert Durand sobre o Imaginário, mais as concepções de Edgar Morin sobre paradigma, conhecimento e método, a dissertação fundamenta-se ainda nas contribuições de Joseph Campbell, Gaston Bachelard, Michel Maffesoli e Marcos Ferreira Santos sobre as questões centradas em mito, imagem, símbolo, arquétipo e razão sensível. Com a intenção de diferenciar as várias formas de relações que a(s) cultura(s) de matriz(es) africana(s) operou(aram) em relação às culturas hegemônicas na história de nosso país, problematizando os usos indiscriminados dos conceitos sincretismo e hibridismo, baseio-me nos estudos de Muniz Sodré, Leda Maria Martins e Eduardo David de Oliveira, destacando as dimensões de jogo, luta, segredo, regra e ancestralidade que caracterizam a afrobrasilidade, relacionando-as às diretrizes teóricas de Durand. / This dissertation consists in an effort of comprehension related to the practical one and theoretical research weaved in Young and Adults Education, from the complex relations between orality and writing and emphasizing alternatives of contribution peculiars of the afro-Brazilian culture, which is marked by the strength of its orality and its mythical-symbolic thought. The work started from the accomplishment of a workshop a t the Centre of Integration of Youngs and Adults Education (CIEJA) Campo Limpo, south zone of São Paulo, which consisted in a presentation of a sinestesic pedagogy and chose to take to the classroom strong elements of the afro-Brazilian cultural memory, because of its symbolic meaning, (with the goal) related to the treatment of the students in literacy phase. Using musical instruments, videos, textiles, sculptures, poems, stories, leaves and plants in order to construct ten meetings focused in the histor y and Afro-Brazilian culture, also contemplating, in this way, the efforts in a real and qualitative implementation of the well-known law 10.639. Assuming theoretical beddings in the studies weaved by Gilbert Durand about the imaginary and also the conceptions of Edgar Morin about paradigm, knowledge and method, the dissertation still bases on the contributions of Joseph Campbell , Gaston Bachelard, Michel Maffesoli and Marcos Ferreira Santos on the questions centered in myth, image, symbol, archetype and sensible reason. With the intension to differentiate the assorted forms of relations that the culture(s) of African(s) matrix(s) operated in relation to the hegemonic cultures in the histor y of our count ry, analyzing probl ems build up in the indiscriminate uses of the concepts syncretism and hybridism, I took theoretical reference in the studies of Muniz Sodré, Leda Maria Martins and Eduardo David de Oliveira, emphasizing the dimensions of game, struggle, secret, rule and ancestry which is a feature of Afro- brasility relating them to the theoretical lines of Durand.

Breast cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related female deaths worldwide and is a complex disease consisting of many different subtypes with varying clinical course and outcomes. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive and highly metastatic subtype, is most prevalent in women of African ancestry (WAA) but the causes of this disparity are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and genetic profiles in ancestrally-related WAA in Barbados and Nigeria to advance knowledge and lay the foundation for development of improved or novel BCa therapeutics. To gain insight about TNBC across the African continent, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. TNBC frequencies on average across Africa were estimated at 26.8% but were highest in West African countries (46.0%). We also sought to identify the epidemiological profile of BCa in Barbados—a Caribbean island with significant West African ancestry. We reviewed pathological reports for BCa from the sole public hospital in Barbados and compared those data with USA population-based data. We found a high prevalence of high prevalence of TNBC amongst women diagnosed with breast cancer in Barbados (25%), compared to 21% in non-Hispanic Black and 10% in non-Hispanic White women in the USA for the 2010-2016 period. We also investigated the somatic mutational profile of WAA with TNBC in Barbados and Nigeria using whole exome sequencing (WES) of formalin-fixed paraffinembedded TNBC tissues. This investigation revealed novel and pathogenic variants in well-known cancer-associated genes such as TP53, BRCA1 and MDC1. The somatic mutation signature in Nigerian tissues correlated with aflatoxin signature, implying a role for environmental factors influencing the genomics profile in this cohort. Copy number variants were revealed at high frequencies for PIK3CA, FGFR2 and HIF1AN genes. Collectively, these findings uncovered novel epidemiological and genetic trends in WAA with high prevalence of the aggressive TNBC subtype / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Breast cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Although Caucasian women are diagnosed with BCa more than women of African ancestry (WAA), more WAA unfortunately die from BCa. The reasons for this disparity are currently unknown, however, a higher proportion of WAA are diagnosed with an aggressive type of BCa called triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This might partially explain the high cancer death rate in WAA. To understand this disparity in BCa incidence and outcomes, we investigated TNBC disease trends across the African continent and in Barbados (a Caribbean island with predominantly African ancestry) and found a high proportion of TNBC diagnoses in Barbados and West African countries. We also discovered a novel genetic profile within these groups that may be useful to develop new cancer therapies that would decrease TNBC aggressiveness and death in these populations.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In the past, the present and the future, Lebanon has been an important link between the East and the West. It was always known as the ‘Switzerland of the East’. Over the years, it was a hotspot for different civilizations that uniquely shaped the genomic backbone of the current Lebanese. It is also a good representation of genetically admixed individuals with diverse phenotype characteristics and unique features. Lebanon, quite like other Middle Eastern populations, lacks sufficient genetic studies that helps to better comprehend the complex genomic composition of different traits and diseases. The lack of good representation of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in global studies has led to ambiguity in discovering special ancestry markers and patterns in the Lebanese genome. Yet, in this study, a thorough investigation into a Lebanese collection shows new patterns that potentially would be helpful in forensic and genealogical applications. The investigation into the autosomal and Y-STRs revealed unique alleles that would be valuable in future forensic investigation analysis. In addition, the assessment of phenotype prediction models to predict eye, hair and skin color showed promising results in terms of prediction performance. Those results encourage the future use of intelligence tools in the regions that in return would aid in serving justice and furthering science research. In fact, ancestry and genetic distance studies confirms the presence of admixture within Lebanon between Europe and North Africa. / 2029-06-01

No Abstract Provided / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)