O avanço da ciência, em especial na área da reprodução humana, permitiu a ocorrência de concepção humana de forma extracorpórea através do processo de fecundação in vitro a ser feita em laboratório especializado em reprodução humana assistida. Os embriões não implantados em útero materno são criopreservados. Este trabalho busca trazer os questionamentos da bioética, do biodireito, a cerca deste tema e das questões nele envolvidas. Também examina o enquadramento destes embriões sob a ótica da proteção Constitucional do patrimônio genético, da inviolabilidade da vida e da dignidade da pessoa humana. Trata também do Meio Ambiente quando aborda a Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988, que em seu artigo 225 § 1º, inciso I, legisla sobre a preservação e restauração dos processos ecológicos e, no inciso II, determina que incumbe ao poder público preservar a diversidade e a integridade do patrimônio genético do País ficando demonstrado que tratar de embriões é tratar de patrimônio genético e de Meio Ambiente.Trata ainda da Nova Lei de Biossegurança/2005, a qual veio permitir pesquisas com célulastronco de embriões criopreservados, bem como a regulamentação desta Lei, tratando ainda sobre a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADIN) 3.510-0 que fora proposta junto ao Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), questionando a constitucionalidade da permissão legal destas pesquisas. Dessa forma, é feita uma análise sobre a legislação existente com vistas a obter uma visão sobre eventuais direitos e proteção dos embriões criopreservados. / The advancement of science, particularly in the area of human reproduction, allowed the occurrence of human conception in a bypass through the process of in vitro fertilization to be made in a laboratory specializing in assisted human reproduction. The embryos not implanted in the uterus are cryopreserved. This work seeks to bring the questions of bioethics, the biolaw, about this issue and the issues involved. It also examines the framework of these embryos from the perspective of Constitutional protection of genetic heritage, the sanctity of life and human dignity. It also deals with the Environment when addresses the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, which in article 225 § 1, section I, legislation on the preservation and restoration of ecological processes and, in section II, provides that "it is for the government to preserve the diversity and integrity of the genetic heritage being shown that treating embryos is to address genetic heritage and also the Middle Ambiente.Trata Biossegurança/2005 New Law, which has allowed research on stem cells from cryopreserved embryos, as well as regulation this Act, still dealing with on the direct action of unconstitutionality (ADIN) 3510-0 which was proposed to the Supreme Court (STF), questioning the constitutionality of the legal permission of this research. Thus, an analysis is made on the existing legislation in order to get an insight into possible rights and protection of cryopreserved embryos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao claudia b alves ciencia animal.pdf: 627145 bytes, checksum: a4fd70b84f741b2cb9ff2e800f0c5352 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-12 / Usual practices in health stablishments, both human and animal, produce a considerable quantity of residues that potentially represents risks to health of the internal community and the population. These wastes demand special management, with or without treatment prior to the final destination. Consequently, the processing constitutes a vital topic to occupational safety of the employees who handling them, such as to the public health and environment. Thus, this study aimed to analyze aspects of the control of residues produced at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Goiás (HV/UFG). The waste was classified in four groups (GA, GB, GD and GE) accordling to its nature: infectious, chemical, common and drill-sharp, respectively. The evaluation of the residues management was performed using a checklist prepared in accordance with actual legislation and after its validation and application in all sectors of the HV/UFG. The qualifying and quantifying were made through the inspection and weighing of these products. The study was carried out from may 04 to July 17, 2009. As results, it was observed that the management adopted in HV/UFG wasn t fully in accordance with the sanitary regime. Among the critical points observed, it can be outstand the inappropriate separation, identification and storage of the health services waste, poor training of the professionals involved, as well as, insufficient structural conditions. From the previously waste conditioned as GA, it was observed that only 28,5% were appropriately classified as GA. The rest, 2% was GB, 0.5% was GE and 69% was GD. It can be concluded that if the segregation was performed properly in accordance of sanitary legislation, could occur a reduction up to 71% of the contaminated residues. This result can be considered relevant because it implicate in considerable reduction in costs for the treatment of the health services waste, just as in the prevention of infectious diseases and occupational accidents during the handling of these residues. / As atividades cotidianas nos diversos estabelecimentos que prestam serviços de saúde, seja humana ou animal, produzem uma considerável quantidade de resíduos, alguns com características que podem representar riscos à saúde da comunidade hospitalar e à população em geral. Esses produtos necessitam de processos diferenciados em seu manejo, exigindo ou não tratamento prévio à sua destinação final, sendo particularmente importantes tanto para a segurança ocupacional dos trabalhadores que os manuseiam, como para a saúde pública e ao meio ambiente. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar aspectos do gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HV/UFG), sendo estes classificados em quatro grupos (GA, GB, GD e GE), denominados, respectivamente, infectantes, químicos, comuns e perfurocortantes. A avaliação do manejo desses resíduos foi efetuada utilizando check list, elaborado de acordo com a legislação vigente e, depois de validado, aplicado em todos os Setores do HV/UFG. A qualificação e quantificação foram efetuadas por meio de inspeção e pesagem desses produtos. O estudo foi realizado no período de 04 de maio a 17 de julho de 2009. Verificou-se que o manejo adotado no HV/UFG não está plenamente em conformidade com a normatização sanitária em vigor. Dentre os pontos de estrangulamentos verificados, destacaram-se a segregação, identificação e armazenamento inadequados dos resíduos de serviços de saúde (RSS), capacitação deficiente dos diferentes profissionais envolvidos no manejo dos mesmos, bem como condições físico-estruturais insuficientes. Dos resíduos acondicionados previamente pelos profissionais do HV/UFG como do GA, depois de segregados, notou-se que somente 28,5% foram classificados como GA, 2% GB, 0,5% GE e 69% GD. Concluiu-se que se a segregação fosse realizada de forma adequada e conforme a legislação sanitária, poderia haver uma redução de até 71% dos resíduos infectantes. Esse resultado é apontado como relevante por implicar em uma diminuição considerável nos custos destinados ao tratamento dos RSS, como também na prevenção de enfermidades infecto-contagiosas e acidentes ocupacionais ocorridos durante o manuseio desses produtos.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-20T13:43:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Moraes Assis - 2015.pdf: 6677163 bytes, checksum: a2704584ebce8e9d25969d79a0fc639e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-01-21T07:11:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Moraes Assis - 2015.pdf: 6677163 bytes, checksum: a2704584ebce8e9d25969d79a0fc639e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-21T07:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Moraes Assis - 2015.pdf: 6677163 bytes, checksum: a2704584ebce8e9d25969d79a0fc639e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Despite not being a common subject of studies about buffalo, the incidence of hulls diseases has important scientific aspects as these animals, as they are breeded in adverse conditions, have different resistance for the occurrence of podais diseases when compared to cattle, especially dairy cattle. The knowledge about microstructural structures of buffalo’s hoof generated important information for understanding of the intrinsic resistance of buffaloes foot diseases. This study aimed to investigate the microstructure of adult Jafarabadi buffaloes, through histomorphometric ratings, two-dimensional microtomography, three-dimensional, nanohardness test and biochemical composition. Histomorphometric ratings revealed important features not yet investigated by other researchers, highlighting the structural behavior of epidermal papillae in different regions of corneal layer, the morphology and disposition of the horn tubules, the architecture of extratubular and intratubular keratin and even organization of melanosomes . It was observed that the average length of buds, thickness and spacing in pelvic and thoracic digit did not show statistically significant differences. However, an increase in thickness of the laminar corium papillae of the wall and spacing was observed when comparing the average of the coronary corium and wall and sole laminar corium. When compared to the findings of other researchers, this study have shown that the epidermal papillae on the hulls of these animals are presented larger than the epidermal papillae of Holstein and Gir animals, suggesting that the buffalo’s has greater keratin production and better epidermis and horny case fixing. It can be conjectured that such characteristics are associate with greater resistance to foot diseases of this animals, although additional studies are needed. Analysis of microtomography and nanohardness test showed increased medial digit of forelimbs and side-digit of hindlimbs exhibit increased horn tubules with larger diameters. But the abaxial wall of forelimbs digit showed higher values than hindlimbs digit. Even there was not significant difference between the digits analyzed, this study could clarify important aspects of the nanohardness of different regions of the corneal case of buffalo’s digits. 3D microtomography analysis revealed that the dorsal wall presents a greater hardness compared to the abaxial wall of intermediate hardness, and with the sole of the hoof, that showed the lowest hardness among the evaluated areas. It was inferred that tridimensional microtomography testing is more specific than Vickers nanohardness test for this structure. However, further research are required. Biochemical tests generated parameters about structural elements of the corneal case, which showed different concentrations in relation to the region and anatomical position of the hull. These differences are related to the digits wich recive higher load of body weight and impact. This study generated knowledge and parameters to be used in further researches on different bovine species and breeds. / As enfermidades de cascos, apesar de ser alvo de poucos estudos na espécie bubalina, apresentam aspectos científicos importantes uma vez que estes animais, mesmo criados em condições adversas, apresentam resistência diferenciada quanto à ocorrência de doenças podais, quando comparados aos bovinos, com destaque para os de aptidão leiteira. Acredita-se que o conhecimento microestrutural do casco de bubalinos gerou informações importantes para melhor entendimento da resistência podal intrínseca dos bubalinos às enfermidades podais. O presente estudo teve por finalidade pesquisar a microestrutura do estojo córneo de búfalas adultas, raça Jafarabadi, por meio de avaliações histomorfométricas, microtomografia bidimensional, tridimensional, teste de nanodureza e composição bioquímica. As avaliações histomorfométricas em bubalinos revelaram características importantes ainda não investigadas por outros pesquisadores, destacando o comportamento estrutural das papilas epidérmicas nas diferentes regiões do estojo córneo, a morfologia e disposição dos túbulos córneos, a arquitetura da queratina extratubular e intratubular e ainda organização dos melanossomas. Pode-se observar nessas avaliações que as médias de comprimento das papilas, espessura e espaçamento nos dígitos dos membros pélvicos e torácicos não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre si. Todavia, ao comparar as médias do córion coronário, córion laminar da muralha e sola, observou-se entre as regiões do estojo córneo, um aumento da espessura das papilas do córion laminar da muralha e do espaçamento comparando-se as demais regiões. Os achados dessa pesquisa quando comparados aos achados de outros pesquisadores, demonstraram que as papilas epidérmicas nos cascos desses animais, apresentam-se maiores que as papilas epidérmicas de bovinos das raças, Holandesa e Gir, sugerindo que possuem maior capacidade de produção de queratina e melhor fixação da epiderme ao estojo córneo. Contudo, pôde-se conjecturar tais características com a maior resistência desses animais as enfermidades podais, embora haja a necessidade de estudos adicionais. Por meio das análises de microtomografia e teste de nanodureza, pode-se verificar que os dígitos mediais dos membros torácicos e os dígitos laterais dos membros pélvicos apresentaram maior quantidade de túbulos córneos com diâmetros maiores. Porém, a muralha abaxial dos dígitos dos membros torácicos apresentaram valores superiores aos dígitos dos membros pélvicos. Apesar de não ter sido observada diferença significativa entre os dígitos estudados, o presente estudo pôde esclarecer, ainda, aspectos importantes sobre a nanodureza das diferentes regiões do estojo córneo dos dígitos de bubalinos. A análise de microtomografia 3D revelou que a muralha dorsal apresenta maior dureza quando comparada com a muralha abaxial, de dureza intermediária, bem como, com a sola do casco, que apresentou menor dureza entre as regiões avaliadas. Inferiu-se assim que o teste de microtomografia tridimensional seja mais específico que o teste de nanodureza de Vickers para a estrutura considerada. No entanto, tal afirmação requer pesquisas adicionais. Os testes bioquímicos geraram parâmetros quanto aos elementos estruturais do estojo córneo, que demonstraram diferentes concentrações em relação à região e posição anatômica do casco, sendo essas diferenças associadas aos dígitos que recebem maior sobrecarga de massa corporal e impacto. O presente estudo gerou conhecimento e parâmetros a serem utilizados em outras investigações científicas, em outras espécies e raças de bovídeos.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-05-17T19:36:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Giselle Gomes Borges.pdf: 2928602 bytes, checksum: 0f6004796d06237d4fade7e9f6aaca8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T19:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giselle Gomes Borges.pdf: 2928602 bytes, checksum: 0f6004796d06237d4fade7e9f6aaca8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / O câncer é um evidente problema de saúde pública mundial. A quimioterapia trouxe uma maior taxa de cura para muitos tumores através da utilização de agentes químicos. Durante o manuseio dos quimioterápicos antineoplásicos (QA) é recomendado que o profissional utilize equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) já que estes agentes oferecem efeitos indesejados e podem vir a constituir risco ocupacional. Este estudo tem como objeto o risco químico a que estão expostos os enfermeiros que desenvolvem suas atividades laborais em Centrais de Quimioterapia (CQT). Objetivo geral: implantar um manual de boas práticas com a finalidade de minimizar a exposição ao risco químico na CQT. Objetivos específicos: analisar os Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP) dos enfermeiros a respeito do risco químico na CQT e elaborar um manual de boas práticas para os enfermeiros na CQT sobre a exposição ao risco químico a partir dos resultados do inquérito CAP. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, do tipo inquérito CAP. O estudo teve como amostra 26 enfermeiros de duas CQT. Utilizado para a coleta de dados um questionário autoadministrativo sem identificação, misto, contendo perguntas em que se utiliza uma escala de resposta paramétrica tipo Likert. Antecedendo a coleta dos dados o trabalho foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) com aprovação nº 12361613.4.00005274 em 12/09/2014. Resultados: Constatou-se que o conhecimento constituído a respeito do risco químico foi adequado nas duas CQT. Contudo, as atitudes e práticas diante do risco químico não foram coerentes. Dos enfermeiros, 96,2% consideram-se vulneráveis ao risco químico; o uso de EPI é considerado por 76,9% como um cuidado para que ocorra o manuseio seguro dos QA; quanto aos cuidados dispensados pelo Instituto aos que manuseiam QA, 53,8% citam os exames periódicos. O manual foi elaborado a partir dos resultados do inquérito CAP e implantado no Instituto, cenário do estudo, através do sistema Intranet. Para complementar, o manual de boas práticas, foram confeccionados sinalizadores com o intuito de embasar os enfermeiros a minimizarem a exposição ao risco. Conclusão: os profissionais que trabalham em CQT conhecem e consideram-se expostos ao risco químico. São necessárias intervenções para ampliar a adesão às medidas preventivas como o uso de EPI e subsídios com infraestrutura estratégica para a segurança do trabalhador. / Cancer is an obvious problem of global public health. The chemotherapy brought greater cure rate for many tumors through the use of chemical agents. During handling of antineoplastic drugs (QA) is recommended that professionals use personal protective equipament (PPE) as these agents provide unwanted effects and are liable to occupational risk. This paper studied the chemical risk they are exposed to nurses who develop their work activities on Chemotherapy Centers (CQT). Overall objective: to implement a manual of good practices in order to minimize exposure to chemical risk in the CQT. Specific objectives: to analyze the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of nurses about the chemical risk in the CQT and prepare a manual of good for nurses in CQT on exposure to chemical risk from the KAP survey results. It is a descriptive research with a quantitative approach, the KAP. The study had as sample 26 nurses from two CQT. Used to collect data one auto administrative questionnaire unmarked, mixed, containing questions which uses a parametric response Likert scale. Preceding data collection work was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) with approval number 12361613.4.00005274 on 09/12/2014. Results: It was found that knowledge made about chemical risk was adequate in both CQT. Yet attitudes and practices before the chemical risk were not consistent. 96,2% of nurses consider themselves vulnerable to chemical risk; the use of PPE is considered by 76,9% as a caution to occur safe handling of QA; as the care provided by the Institute to handling QA 53,8% cite the periodic examinations. The manual has been prepared from the KAP survey results and implanted in the study setting Institute through the Intranet system. In addition to the manual of good practice were made flags in order to base nurses to minimize exposure to risk. Conclusion: professionals working in CQT know and consider themselves exposed to chemical risk. Interventions are needed to increase the adherence to preventive measures such as the use of PPE and subsidies to strategic infrastructure for worker safety.

En 2005-6, le virus du chikungunya, transmis par les moustiques Aedes albopictus, touche 38% des habitants de La Réunion. Cette épidémie marque la fin de l'usage systématique des insecticides et la refonte des politiques de santé. Les pouvoirs publics enrôlent les citoyens et les moustiques dans l'élaboration de nouvelles frontières, matérielles et symboliques, entre les deux espèces. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'interroger les effets de ces changements de pratiques sur les rapports sociaux de pouvoir en contexte post-colonial, et sur les relations entre humains et moustiques. Pour saisir les dynamiques socio-naturelles à l'œuvre, une ethnographie combinatoire a permis d'observer les co-constructions de savoirs et de pratiques dans plusieurs espaces où s'organise la mise à distance des moustiques. Elle s'est appuyée sur le recueil de discours et l'observation de pratiques au sein du service de lutte contre les moustiques, au cœur d'une équipe de recherche sur la Technique de l'insecte stérile (visant à relâcher des moustiques stériles sur l'île) et auprès de non professionnels de la lutte. Une collecte d'articles de presse et d'archives a achevé de constituer le corpus de données. L'enjeu de cette thèse est de montrer que bien loin d'opérer une simple séparation entre humains et moustiques, les nouvelles pratiques de lutte ont intensifié leurs interactions. En parallèle, elle propose une réflexion sur les dynamiques liées à la coexistence de plusieurs systèmes interprétatifs, permettant d'appréhender – ou non – collectivement la prise en charge du risque épidémique. C'est l’occasion de réfléchir aux relations entre l'État, les scientifiques et les citoyens. / In 2005-6, the chikungunya virus, transmitted by the Aedes albopictus mosquito, affects 38% of the inhabitants of Reunion Island. This outbreak marks the end of the systematic use of insecticides and the consolidation of health policies. Public authorities enlist citizens and mosquitoes in the development of new frontiers, material and symbolic, between the two species. This thesis aims to examine the effects of these changes in practices on the social relations of power in post-colonial context, and the relationship between humans and mosquitoes.To apprehend the socio-natural dynamics at work, a combinatorial ethnography allowed to observe the co-construction of knowledge and practices in several areas where the distancing mosquitoes gets organized. It was based on the collection of speeches and observing practices in the vector control service, in the heart of a research team on the Sterile insect technique (to release sterile mosquitoes on the island) and from non-control professionals. A collection of articles and archives finalized to constitute the body of data.The aim of this thesis is to show that far from making a simple separation between humans and mosquitoes, new management practices have intensified their interactions. In parallel, it proposes a reflection on the dynamics associated with the coexistence of several interpretive systems, allowing to understand - or not - the collective management of epidemic risk. This is an opportunity to reflect on the relationship between the state, scientists and citizens

Actualmente, la importancia de contar con vacunas que permitan inmunizar a la población mundial ha ido en crecimiento, no solo en los países más desarrollados, sino también en los países en vías de desarrollo (PED). Es por ello, la relevancia que tiene la correcta gestión logística de la cadena de frío en el proceso de importación de vacunas termosensibles, puesto que, por la naturaleza de la mercancía, una variación en la temperatura puede ser perjudicial para la eficiencia de los biológicos, a tal punto de causar una pérdida. Perú es considerado un PED y el crecimiento de los planes de vacunación han obligado que se realicen mejoras en la cadena de frío de las vacunas para hacer eficiente su transporte y distribución. Por lo cual, para estudiar esta problemática la presente tesis analizó la relación entre la gestión logística y la cadena de frío de las importaciones peruanas de vacunas pertenecientes a la SPN N° 30.02.20.9000 en el periodo 2016 al 2020. Mediante la metodología con enfoque cualitativo, a través de entrevistas a especialistas, empresas importadoras y entidades reguladoras de la industria farmacéutica. Se pudo determinar que existe relación entre las variables de estudio y se sustenta a partir de la influencia que los factores almacenaje, equipos contenedorizados y los dispositivos de control de temperatura tienen sobre estas variables. Se recomienda tomar en cuenta para futuros estudios el rol del Estado en el fortalecimiento e implementación de la cadena de frío en Perú. / Currently, the importance of having vaccines that allow the world's population to be immunized has been growing, not only in the most developed countries, but also in developing countries (DC). That is why the relevance of the correct logistics management of the cold chain in the import process of heat-sensitive vaccines, since, due to the nature of the merchandise, a variation in temperature can be detrimental to the efficiency of biologicals. , to the point of causing a loss. Peru is considered a DC and the growth of vaccination plans has forced improvements to be made in the cold chain of vaccines to make their transportation and distribution efficient. Therefore, to study this problem, this thesis analyzed the relationship between logistics management and the cold chain of Peruvian imports of vaccines belonging to SPN N ° 30.02.20.9000 in the period 2016 to 2020. Using the methodology with a focus qualitative, through interviews with specialists, importing companies and regulatory entities of the pharmaceutical industry. It was possible to determine that there is a relationship between the study variables and it is based on the influence of the factors: storage, containerized equipment and temperature control devices have on these variables. It is recommended to consider for future studies the role of the State in the strengthening and implementation of the cold chain in Peru. / Tesis

Expanding urbanization, climate change, and population growth contribute to increased transmission and spread of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), many of which cause severe disease in humans. Pathogenic arboviruses include dengue, Zika, tick-borne encephalitis, and sindbis viruses, which together threaten more than half the global population. Thus, there is a constant need for safe, specific, and sensitive molecular tests to identify early-stage infections for accurate diagnosis and molecular epidemiological data for disease prevention and control. The study tested the biosafety of using FTA™ cards when working with pathogenic arboviruses by conducting an infectivity assay using sindbis virus. Conditions for RNA extraction and storage of arboviruses on FTA were analyzed by measuring viral RNA (vRNA) stability using a SYBR-Green, Pan-Flavi RT-qPCR method composed of degenerate primers able to detect a variety of flaviviruses. Data from a Pan-Flavi RT-qPCR study comprising of 222 clinical blood and serum samples collected from a 2018 dengue virus outbreak in Hanoi (Vietnam) was analyzed to establish applicability of FTA for molecular epidemiology and diagnosis. Results showed that sindbis virus infectivity was inhibited by FTA-adsorption. FTA-adsorbed arboviruses were extracted with the highest yield using Trizol extraction and were preserved at storage at 4-20ºC for up to 30 days. The results showed that clinical blood samples acquired higher yields of vRNA for molecular testing than serum samples and that it may be possible to perform sequencing for genomic analysis. The study suggests that FTA cards may facilitate the storage and transportation of adsorbed arboviruses for downstream molecular epidemiological and diagnostic tests.

Les inventions biotechnologiques ont un double visage, une face bienveillante et une face terrifiante, chacune source potentielle de risques majeurs. Comment les contrôler et les réguler ? La recrudescence des catastrophes majeures (crises sanitaires) liées à l’usage de produits biotechnologiques, d’une part, puis l’échec à l’adoption d’un protocole de vérification à la Convention d’interdiction des armes biologiques suivi de l’émergence de nombreuses publications à risques dans le domaine des biotechnologies, d’autre part, démontrent l’omniprésence et la transversalité de cette problématique. Par leur essence duale, les biotechnologies appellent des solutions globales. La voie d’une gestion cohérente semble s’ouvrir au travers d’un corps de règle prenant tous ces paramètres en considération, les risques majeurs. L’avantage de cette législation, si elle admet une modification préalable de la nomenclature des risques majeurs en y intégrant les risques liés aux conflits, reposera sur sa globalité et sur la responsabilisation de tous. Face à une menace biotechnologique qui est perçue comme dominante dans les années à venir, l’émerge d’un ordre public mondial favorable à un accroissement de la responsabilité des Etats à l’égard de la sécurité humaine serait souhaitable. Le but de toute institution étatique étant de garantir à ses ressortissants leur sécurité et leur sûreté quelles que soient les circonstances, cet ordre public pourrait trouver ses bases au sein des réglementations relatives aux droits de l’homme et au droit de l’environnement ; réglementations déjà émancipées de la distinction entre situations de paix, de crises ou de conflits / The biotechnological inventions have a double face, a kindly face and a terrifying face, each potential source of major risks. How to control them and to regulate them? The outbreak of the major disasters (sanitary crisis) bound to biotechnological products, on one hand, the failure to the adoption of a Protocol to the Biological Weapon Convention, followed by the emergence of numerous publications at risks in the field of biotechnology, on the other hand, demonstrate the omnipresence and the transverse character of this problem. By their duality, biotechnologies need global solutions. The way of a coherent management seems to open through a body of rule considering all these parameters, the major risks. The advantage of this legislation, if it admits a preliminary modification of the list of the major risks by integrating the risks connected to the conflicts, will be based on its global aspect and everyone’s responsibility. In front of biotechnological threat, which is perceived as dominant in the years to come, an emergent world law and order favourable to an increase of the responsibility of States towards the human safety would be desirable. The purpose of any state institution is the guarantee of Nationals safety, whatever circumstances are, this law and order could find its bases within the regulations relative to human rights and to environmental law; these regulations are already indifferent to the distinction between situations of peace, crisis or conflicts

No description available.