A growing body of research recognizes spirituality as a key element in well-being, but the agency of individual spirituality remains unclear. This study explores the role of embodied knowledge in reality construction and its effect on illness by considering how spirituality as embodied existence shapes reality. Spirituality, as a form of embodied knowing, is shown to reach deeply into the fundamental relatedness of existence. The study argues for a mindbody- spirit unity, making no distinction between self and spirit, emotions and subjective experiences situated in the spirit. As the medium between body and self, spirituality gives form to the felt reality of embodied knowledge and meaning, shaping language, cognition, thought and action towards lived reality. New ways of thinking about eating disorders were stimulated by innovative discoveries through investigating the lived reality of the illness within an epistemology that included subjective experiences as part of reality. While acknowledging the influence of social discourse, the study calls for a recognition of vulnerability in the human condition giving rise to the embodiment of a wounded self or disenabling spirituality, manifested in the development of an eating disorder. It uncovers the anti-spiritual properties involved in the lived reality of people struggling with anorexia/bulimia, evident in social withdrawal and/or self-injury. Behavioural patterns of obsession and repetition underscore similarities to addiction and ritual. The study synthesised pastoral therapy and research. A postmodern approach to illness and a qualitative design with interpretive phenomenology were used. Three young women struggling with anorexia/bulimia participated in semi-structured research interviews. Their narrative accounts provided a chronology of developing, living with and healing from anorexia /bulimia. Emphasis shifted from an approach aimed at fixing the body to focusing on individual experiences of the illness; what she brought to the encounter in her own resources and potential to heal. Healing is envisaged as the ongoing development of a renewed sense of self, an inherently spiritual process orchestrated from within. Previous disassociation of body and self is replaced with reconnection between body, self and other, care of the spirit became care of the body, expressed in harmony and wholeness of being. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / Th. D. (Pastoral therapy)

Text in English / Due to the fact that many adolescents do not follow a balanced diet, an investigation into the eating habits of adolescents was undertaken. Much research has been done on eating disorders but little research has been done on the concomitants and possible precursors to unhealthy eating habits among adolescents. A literature study was done to clarify which factors cause unhealthy eating habits. The developmental aspects of adolescence and the reciprocal effect on eating habits was also investigated. A valid and reliable measuring instrument was developed in order to measure eating habits of adolescents. This instrument was used in an empirical investigation including 340 respondents with the aim of determining the most important factors, which relate to the eating behaviour of adolescents. Educational implications of the findings are discussed in order to provide curriculum developers, teachers, parents, counsellors and the media with guidelines to help children to adopt healthy eating habits. / M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Disordered eating, including bingeing, dieting, purging, and clinical and subclinical forms of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, is prevalent among college-aged women. To date, few interventions have successfully reduced risk factors related to disordered eating. One promising intervention utilizes principles of cognitive dissonance to reduce thin-ideal internalization among women at risk for eating disorders. Additionally, the benefits of yoga, including increased awareness of bodily processes, offer hope that this practice might reduce disordered eating symptomatology. The current study compared cognitive dissonance and yoga interventions for disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that there were no significant differences between the yoga and control groups. However, participants in the dissonance group had significantly lower scores than both other groups on measures of disordered eating symptoms as well as thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, alexithymia, and anxiety. These findings have important implications for potential interventions on college campuses.

1 ABSTRACT The master thesis deals with the eating disorders and foreknowledge of high school physical education teachers of this disease. The thesis is divided in the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part includes remarks from scientific literature and it is concerned with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorders not otherwise specified. Research was carried out by interviewing secondary teachers. The aim of research was to find out whether the pedagogues know what the eating disorders are, what are their potential causations, possibilities of prevention and competency of teachers for solving these disorders. The results indicate that physical education teachers have only basic knowledge about eating disorders. In view of the fact of these and other findings, a draft of activities for teachers who solve the eating disorders has been developed.

Ce travail de thèse propose d’approfondir la compréhension de l’anorexie de l’adolescente à partir d’une méthodologie projective (Rorschach et T.A.T.).Il révèle notamment la présence d’une instabilité des frontières du Moi et un dépassement insuffisant des conflits prégénitaux venant influer sur la construction du féminin et favoriser le recours à des défenses de type phalliques narcissiques permettant d’éviter tout autant le vécu de séparation que celui de dépendance.Ce travail met par ailleurs en évidence un traitement singulier des fantasmes de séduction marqué par un renversement de la construction hystérique, l’insuffisance du refoulement et l’impossibilité à investir une position passive venant entraîner un vécu spécifique marqué par une exacerbation des angoisses persécutives qui paraît liée au caractère insuffisamment sécurisé des frontières propres et à la difficulté de régulation de l’excitation pulsionnelle.Dans son approche différentielle, ce travail révèle également chez les patientes présentant un profil restrictif une plus grande efficience des défenses narcissiques en comparaison des patientes présentant un tableau d’anorexie-boulimie où la problématique de porosité des enveloppes et les difficultés de maniement pulsionnel se dévoilent davantage. Les problématiques mobilisées paraissent néanmoins semblables. L’apport de cette recherche se situe davantage dans la mise en évidence de mouvements de clivage au Moi pouvant conduire à deux types d’aménagements distincts venant s’exercer soit sur un mode persécutif, soit sur un mode adhésif, avec une influence sur le type de structuration psychique de ces adolescentes se révélant indépendante des formes symptomatiques tout en pouvant correspondre à deux temps distincts de la maladie. / This paper attempts to go further into female teen anorexia from the perspective of a projective methodology. It brings particularly to light the presence of a blurred frontier of the Ego and an insufficient expansion of pregenital conflicts which affects the construction of the feminine and facilitates resorting to a narcissistic phallic type of defense which helps avoid the experience of separation as much as that of dependency.This paper brings further to light a particular handling of seduction fantasies marked by a reversal of hysterical construction, insufficient repression and the impossibility to invest a passive position. This leads to a specific real life experience marked by an exacerbation of persecution anxiety which seem to be linked to both the insufficiently secured nature of instinctive excitation and the difficulty to regulate it. From its differential approach, this paper also highlights a better efficiency of narcissist defense in those female patients presenting a restrictive profile compared with those presenting anorexia-bulimia stigmas where porosity of envelopes and difficulty of handling drive are more apparent. However, the issues raised appear to be similar.This research paper brings brings further highlight to the cleavage process phenomenon in the Ego leading of anorectic patients to two distinctive types of psychic adjustments which expresses itself either on a persecution mode or adhesive one. This in turn has an influence on the type of psychic structures in female teens which turn out to be independent from symptomatic forms while they may at the same time correspond to two different stages of the illness.

Submitted by PPG Ci?ncias Criminais (ppgccrim@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-15T13:12:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIANA - Disserta??o Mariana de Paula - Vers?o completa em 14-05-18.pdf: 898457 bytes, checksum: e85cbcf5eeeca08ed8915d1e78688531 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-28T16:16:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIANA - Disserta??o Mariana de Paula - Vers?o completa em 14-05-18.pdf: 898457 bytes, checksum: e85cbcf5eeeca08ed8915d1e78688531 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T16:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIANA - Disserta??o Mariana de Paula - Vers?o completa em 14-05-18.pdf: 898457 bytes, checksum: e85cbcf5eeeca08ed8915d1e78688531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / This work proposes to undertake a criminological analysis of the meanings attributed to socioeducation in Brazilian courts nowadays. To restrict the object of research, the study is focused on the socio-educative confinement measure in cases involving the commitment of an offense analogous to the crime of theft, through the analysis of the main pleas and arguments present in judgments of the Superior Court of Justice. Highlighting the fact that adolescence is not just a life phase in which there is an acceleration of physical and mental maturation, we based on comprehensive theoretical references in order to facilitate the involvement of a multitude elements that involve transit through physiological changes, cognitive and intellectual, personality and identity, socio-cultural, political-economic, moral, axiological, among others. Given the need for a broader criminological also matrix that behaved different looks on the interfaces between adolescence, transgression and control, found himself in cultural criminology some propositions that we could verify that the bases of these phenomena may reside elements in common. It is to offer a distinctive criminological approach, since it goes beyond the purely structural analysis, to capture widespread tensions arising from processes of economic and cultural globalization. Moreover, amid other theoretical frameworks, it was necessary to resort to some concepts formulated by Pierre Bourdieu, from which it was possible to understand the dynamics of functioning of the legal field and its mechanisms of social reproduction. At the end, we tried to understand how it is possible to make use of the equation Judiciary "pedagogical needs reiteration infraction" to apply the socio measure of internment in response to illegal acts committed without the use of violence or serious threat to person. / Este trabalho se prop?s a realizar uma an?lise criminol?gica sobre os sentidos atribu?dos ? socioeduca??o pelo Judici?rio brasileiro na contemporaneidade. A fim de restringir o objeto da pesquisa, enfocou-se o estudo na medida socioeducativa de interna??o aplicada a casos envolvendo a pr?tica de ato infracional de furto, por meio da an?lise dos principais fundamentos e argumentos presentes em ac?rd?os proferidos pelo Superior Tribunal de Justi?a. Destacando que a adolesc?ncia n?o se resume a uma etapa da vida humana em que h? um aceleramento do amadurecimento f?sico e ps?quico, buscou-se refer?ncias te?ricas de cunho abrangente, a fim de possibilitar o envolvimento de uma multiplicidade de elementos que transitassem pelas mudan?as fisiol?gicas, cognitivas e intelectuais, de personalidade e identidade, socioculturais, pol?tico-econ?micas, morais, axiol?gicas, entre outras. Diante da necessidade de uma matriz criminol?gica tamb?m mais abrangente, que comportasse olhares distintos sobre as interfaces entre adolesc?ncia, transgress?o e controle, encontrou-se na criminologia cultural algumas proposi??es que possibilitaram perceber que nas bases desses fen?menos podem residir elementos em comum. Trata-se de uma proposta de abordagem criminol?gica diferenciada, pois vai al?m das an?lises exclusivamente estruturais, para capturar tens?es generalizadas oriundas dos processos de globaliza??o econ?mica e cultural. Al?m disso, e em meio a outras matrizes te?ricas, foi necess?rio recorrer a alguns conceitos formulados por Pierre Bourdieu, a partir dos quais foi poss?vel compreender a din?mica de funcionamento do campo jur?dico e seus mecanismos de reprodu??o social. Ao fim, procurou-se entender como ? poss?vel ao Judici?rio se valer da equa??o ?necessidades pedag?gicas + reitera??o infracional? para aplicar a medida socioeducativa de interna??o em resposta a atos infracionais praticados sem emprego de viol?ncia ou grave amea?a contra a pessoa.

<p>Булимија је у великом броју случајева праћена учесталим повраћањем, које у дужем временском периоду може резултирати иреверзибилним губитком зубних ткива и хиперсензитивношћу, као и квантитативним и квалитативним променама нестимулисане и стимулисане пљувачке. Циљ истраживања је био да се утврди присуство, локализација и степен денталних ерозија употребом BЕWЕ (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) индексног система, као и утврђивање вредности индекса меких наслага и гингивалног индекса папиларног крварења код пацијената са булимијом праћеном повраћањем и здравих испитаника. Циљ лабораторијских испитивања је био да се утврди количина и pH вредност нестимулисане и стимулисане пљувачке, као и концентрације јона калцијума, фосфата, бикарбоната и урее код пацијената са булимијом праћеном повраћањем и здравих испитаника. У истраживању је учествовало 30 испитаника оболелих од булимије праћене повраћањем и 30 здравих испитаника, а коришћене су анкетне методе (упитник), клиничко и лабораторијско испитивање. Клинички преглед обухватио је ектраоралну и интраоралну инспекцију, уз бележење статуса зуба и примену BЕWЕ индекса, индекса меких наслага и индекса гингивалног крварења. Лабораторијске методе подразумевале су обраду узорковане пљувачке уз утврђивање количине пљувачке, pH вредности и концентрације електролита. На основу резултата спроведеног истраживања утврђено је да пацијенти оболели од булимије праћене повраћањем значајно чешће имају денталне ерозије у односу на контролне испитанике, да су еродоване лезије тежег степена у булимичној групи што је праћено интензивнијим болним сензацијама на надражај, као и да су оне значајно чешће локализоване на оралним површинама зуба у оболелој групи. Утврђено је и да булимични испитаници имају више вредности гингивалног индекса папиларног крварења у односу на контролну групу, док су анализе пљувачке указале да булимични испитаници имају значајно мању количину нестимулисане пљувачке, значајно ниже pH вредности у обе фракције пљувачке, више концентрације калцијума у нестимулисаној пљувачки, ниже концентрације фосфата у обе фракције, ниже концентрације бикарбоната у нестимулисаној фракцији и ниже вредности урее у обе фракције пљувачке.</p> / <p>Bulimija je u velikom broju slučajeva praćena učestalim povraćanjem, koje u dužem vremenskom periodu može rezultirati ireverzibilnim gubitkom zubnih tkiva i hipersenzitivnošću, kao i kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim promenama nestimulisane i stimulisane pljuvačke. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi prisustvo, lokalizacija i stepen dentalnih erozija upotrebom BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) indeksnog sistema, kao i utvrđivanje vrednosti indeksa mekih naslaga i gingivalnog indeksa papilarnog krvarenja kod pacijenata sa bulimijom praćenom povraćanjem i zdravih ispitanika. Cilj laboratorijskih ispitivanja je bio da se utvrdi količina i pH vrednost nestimulisane i stimulisane pljuvačke, kao i koncentracije jona kalcijuma, fosfata, bikarbonata i uree kod pacijenata sa bulimijom praćenom povraćanjem i zdravih ispitanika. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 30 ispitanika obolelih od bulimije praćene povraćanjem i 30 zdravih ispitanika, a korišćene su anketne metode (upitnik), kliničko i laboratorijsko ispitivanje. Klinički pregled obuhvatio je ektraoralnu i intraoralnu inspekciju, uz beleženje statusa zuba i primenu BEWE indeksa, indeksa mekih naslaga i indeksa gingivalnog krvarenja. Laboratorijske metode podrazumevale su obradu uzorkovane pljuvačke uz utvrđivanje količine pljuvačke, pH vrednosti i koncentracije elektrolita. Na osnovu rezultata sprovedenog istraživanja utvrđeno je da pacijenti oboleli od bulimije praćene povraćanjem značajno češće imaju dentalne erozije u odnosu na kontrolne ispitanike, da su erodovane lezije težeg stepena u bulimičnoj grupi što je praćeno intenzivnijim bolnim senzacijama na nadražaj, kao i da su one značajno češće lokalizovane na oralnim površinama zuba u oboleloj grupi. Utvrđeno je i da bulimični ispitanici imaju više vrednosti gingivalnog indeksa papilarnog krvarenja u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, dok su analize pljuvačke ukazale da bulimični ispitanici imaju značajno manju količinu nestimulisane pljuvačke, značajno niže pH vrednosti u obe frakcije pljuvačke, više koncentracije kalcijuma u nestimulisanoj pljuvački, niže koncentracije fosfata u obe frakcije, niže koncentracije bikarbonata u nestimulisanoj frakciji i niže vrednosti uree u obe frakcije pljuvačke.</p> / <p>Bulimia is in many cases followed by frequent vomiting, which in long term can result in irreversible loss of dental tissue and hypersensitivity, as well as quantitative and qualitative changes of unstimulated and stimulated saliva. The aim of the research was to determine the presence, localization and degree of dental erosion using BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) index system, as well as to determine the values of soft debris index and papilla bleeding index in patients with purging bulimia and healthy subjects. The aim of laboratory research was to determine the amount and pH value of unstimulated and stimulated saliva, as well as the concentration of calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate and urea in patients with purging bulimia and healthy subjects. The study involved 30 bulimic patients and 30 healthy subjects. Used methods were survey (questionnaire), clinical and laboratory testing. The clinical examination included extraoral and intraoral inspection, assessment of dental status and application of BEWE index, soft debris index and papilla bleeding index. Laboratory methods involved the processing of sampled saliva and determination of saliva quantity, pH value and electrolyte concentrations. On the bases of conducted research, it has been found that purging bulimic patients have significantly more dental erosion than control subjects, that eroded lesions are more severe in the bulimic group, followed by more intense pain sensations on the stimulants, and that erosions are significantly more often located on oral surfaces of the teeth in the diseased group. It has been found that bulimic patients have higher values of papilla bleeding index then control subjects, while analyzes of saliva indicated that bulimic subjects had a significantly lower amount of unstimulated saliva, a significantly lower pH value in both salivary fractions, higher calcium levels in nonstimulated saliva, lower concentrations of phosphate in both fractions, lower bicarbonate concentrations in the unstimulated fraction and lower urea values in both salivary fractions.</p>

Introduction: The thesis deals with the relationship between substance use and eating disorder. In particular, it focuses on the phenomenon of self-medication substance abuse among women who have experienced an eating disorders. The theoretical part provides a comprehensive picture of the studied issue, supported by Czech and international research in the area. The empirical part is based on qualitative data collection and consists of a combination of short case studies and thematic analysis. Objectives: The main aim of the thesis is to map out and find out whether women who suffer from eating disorders use addictive substances, including alcohol, for the purpose of self-medication. The thesis also aims to find out whether there is a difference between the different forms of eating disorders and the pattern of substance use. Sample: The research sample consisted of 10 women aged 19 - 38 years who have had experiences with eating disorders. Methods: The method of semi-structured interview was chosen for the purpose of the research. The data obtained were presented using short case reports. The case studies were supplemented by a timeline and a test battery, which consisted of AUDIT, DAST and FTND questionnaires for better orientation of the researcher. The data were subsequently analyzed through...

Syfte: Undersöka möjliga metoder till att finna matglädje vid ätstörningar samt undersöka hur användbara dessa metoder kan vara för människor med ätstörningar både i och utanför behandling. Bakgrund: Ätstörningar är ett växande folkhälsoproblem och ett område där det krävs mer uppmärksamhet och forskning för att öka förståelsen och kunskapen av ätstörningar, samt även för att kunna öka förebyggandet och behandling av dessa sjukdomar. Denna uppsats inriktar sig på ätstörningar och matglädje. Det är oerhört viktigt att hitta glädjen för mat när man har en ätstörning för att kunna nå ett friskare liv och ett friskare tänkesätt kring mat och sin egen kropp. Denna uppsats har undersökt möjliga metoder som kan användas för att hjälpa människor med ätstörningar att finna matglädje. En studie har genomförts på Capio Anorexi Center i Malmö som fokuserade på hur personalen arbetar för att hjälpa patienter att finna glädje för mat under behandling, samt hur de arbetar för att förmedla mat på ett positivt sätt för sina patienter. Metod: Litteraturstudier genomfördes både innan och efter undersökningen på Capio Anorexi Center. Undersökningen bestod av kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer med två av personalen på Capio Anorexi Center, samt med en dietist och en anonym person som har lidit av ätstörningar och gått i behandling. Tre av intervjuerna genomfördes med ljudinspelning och en intervju genomfördes via mejl. Varje intervju varade i cirka 45 minuter. Intervjuerna sammanställdes genom att först skriva av de inspelade intervjuerna och sedan kategorisades svaren för varje intervju till relevanta områden. Därefter analyserades och jämfördes detta med litteratur som böcker, rapporter, vetenskapliga artiklar samt elektroniska källor som var relaterade till matglädje och ätstörningar. Resultat: Elva metoder har undersökts och presenterats i denna uppsats som kan vara användbara till att finna matglädje både i och utanför behandling för de som behöver stöd: att våga, pedagogiska måltider, att äta regelbundet, varierat och planera måltider, att tillaga och servera aptitliga och lockande måltider, mindfulness och mindfulness eating, måltidsmiljö och måltidens sociala betydelse, nutritionsbehandling, saperemetoden, att äta lugnt och avslappnat, måltidsundervisning via en video- och ljuduppspelning vid måltider samt att stänga ute myter, bantning och skönhetsideal. Slutsats: Elva möjliga metoder som kan vara användbara till att finna matglädje har funnits. Detta genom förstudier med litteratur, en undersökning på Capio Anorexi Center och intervjuer, samt genom en analys och jämförelser mellan intervjuerna och litteratur som relaterade till ätstörningar och matglädje. Dessa metoder kan vara möjliga att använda för att kunna återfå ett friskare tankesätt kring mat och måltider samt för att kunna finna glädje för mat. Att finna matglädjen vid ätstörningar är ett steg mot ett friskare liv, dock för att kunna bli helt frisk från en ätstörning krävs det att dessa metoder kombineras med andra olika terapiformer, då det är viktigt att även arbeta med bland annat självkänsla och självförtroende, samt eventuellt andra svåra problem och symtom. / Background: Eating disorders are a growing public health concern which requires more attention and research to increase the understanding and prevention of eating disorders. This paper focuses on eating disorders and its relation to the joy of food. It is very important to find joy for food when suffering from an eating disorder to achieve a healthier life and healthier thinking around food and the body. This paper has examined possible methods that can be used for treating people with eating disorders to enjoy food. The study was conducted at Capio Anorexia Center in Malmö, a daycare clinic for eating disorders, and the study was focused on how the staff works to help patients find joy for food during treatment, and how they work to express food in a positive way to their patients. Methods: Literature studies were carried out before and after the study at Capio Anorexia Center. Qualitative half structured interviews were also carried out with two of the staff at Capio Anorexia Center, and with a dietitian and an anonymous person who has suffered from an eating disorder and received treatment. Three of the interviews were conducted with sound recording and the other one was conducted via email. Each interview lasted about 45 minutes. The interviews were compiled by first writing of the recorded interviews and then the answers for each interview were categorized to relevant fields. An analysis and comparison of these interviews to various literatures like books, reports, scientific papers and internet sources related to enjoying food and eating disorders were also carried out. Results: Eleven methods were found that may be useful to find joy for food both in treatment and outside of treatment for those who need support: daring, educational meals, eating regularly, varied and plan meals, cook and serve appealing meals, mindfulness and mindfulness eating, eating environment and social importance when eating, nutritional therapy, the “sapere-method”, eating slow and relaxed, the use of vodcast during meals and to keep out myths, dieting and beauty ideals. Conclusions: Eleven possible methods that may be useful to find joy for food have been found. This by preliminary studies with literature, a study at Capio Anorexia Center and interviews, and also by analyzing and comparing the interviews with literature related to eating disorders and enjoying food. The eleven methods described may be useful when regaining joy for food and a healthier thinking when it comes to food and meal situations. An important step in recovering from an eating disorder is to find pleasure when eating; therefore these methods can be possible tools to help people with eating disorders to find the joy for food. However, to reach a healthy life free from an eating disorder these methods described in this paper has to be combined with a variety of other therapies, because it is also important to work with self-esteem, self-confidence, and other symptoms and problems of the eating disorder.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.