The drug issue has a massive impact on almost every society nowadays. It has deep influences in people\'s quotidian and an almost ubiquitous growth in consumption. This study aims at assessing whether the textitde facto legal sale of cannabis influences real estate prices. Evaluating how these prices change gives us some notion of the externalities involved in those sales and how people regard it. We organized a panel with georeferenced data from Air Bnb lodgings offered in Amsterdam, from May 2014 until July 2017. During this period, several coffeeshops were closed due to new legislation. We estimate that losing the closest coffeeshop, when it is within a 250m radius from the lodging, decreases the renting price, on average, on 3%, and when it is farther has no significant impact. / A questão das drogas hoje em dia possui impacto massivo em praticamente todas as sociedades. Ela possui influências profundas no cotidiano das pessoas e um ubíquo crescimento no consumo. Esse estudo visa investigar se a venda legal de maconha influencia preços de imóveis. Avaliando como esses preços mudam nos dá uma noção tanto das externalidades envolvidas no processo de venda, quanto de como as pessoas se sentem com relação a elas. Organizamos um painel com dados georeferenciados de apartamentos do Air Bnb ofertados em Amsterdam, de Maio de 2014 à Julho de 2017. Durante esse período, diversos coffeeshops foram fechados devido a nova legislação local. Nós estimamos que este fechamento, quando ocorrido a menos de 250m de um apartamento, diminui o preço do aluguel, em média, em quase 3%, e não possui influências significantes para maiores distâncias.

No mundo os acidentes de trânsito são responsáveis pela morte de aproximadamente 1,2 milhão de pessoas por ano. No Brasil, em 2014, foram mais de 44 mil óbitos no trânsito. O uso de substâncias psicoativas na direção é considerado um importante fator contribuinte para a ocorrência destes acidentes. Além do álcool, as drogas ilícitas mais utilizadas em nosso país são a anfetamina, a cocaína e a cannabis. As anfetaminas e a cocaína são utilizadas por motoristas de caminhão, que consomem para se manterem acordados por muitas horas e estão propensos a dormir ao volante. Portanto, há necessidade de conhecer o problema para que as autoridades competentes possam implementar políticas públicas relacionadas ao uso de drogas por motoristas e assim, minimizar os acidentes de trânsito no Brasil. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do uso de substâncias psicoativas (anfetaminas, cocaína e cannabis) entre motoristas de caminhão que trafegavam em rodovias do Estado de São Paulo, através de análises toxicológicas em urina e correlacionar com dados sociodemográficos e ocupacionais. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional do tipo transversal e a coleta dos dados foi realizada entre os anos de 2008 e 2012. Participaram do estudo 1.316 motoristas que, após assinarem o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido e responderem a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e ocupacionais, forneceram uma amostra de urina. Essas amostras foram analisadas por imunoensaio e por cromatografia em fase gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. Resultados: Das amostras coletadas, 7,8% (n=103) apresentaram resultados positivos para uma ou mais drogas pesquisadas e/ou seus metabólitos, dos quais 3,4% foram resultados positivos para anfetamina, 2,8% para cocaína e 1,1% para cannabis. O 0,5% restante correspondeu aos casos com mais de uma droga. Com exceção do ano de 2008, as três drogas pesquisadas foram encontradas em todos os anos da pesquisa. Os resultados das análises toxicológicas se distribuíram de formas distintas de acordo com algumas variáveis: a idade, o tempo de profissão e o estado civil estiveram associados com o uso de drogas, enquanto o vínculo empregatício, a etnia e a escolaridade não apresentaram associação. Em relação à viagem, estiveram associados ao consumo de drogas a distância e o tempo de descanso noturno. O descanso diurno, o tempo total e o viajado, as horas de direção sem descanso, o número de ocupantes e o tipo de carga não apresentaram correlações significativas com o uso de drogas. Também não houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o consumo de drogas e doenças como hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e estresse, nem com a prática de atividades físicas. Por outro lado, essa associação foi encontrada com o consumo de álcool, referido pelos caminhoneiros. Conclusão: os resultados indicam o uso de substâncias psicoativas por caminhoneiros e que este uso está associado com a idade, o tempo de profissão e o estado civil, assim como com a distância percorrida e o tempo de descanso noturno / Traffic accidents are responsible for approximately 1.2 million deaths per year worldwide. In Brazil, there were more than 44,000 traffic-related deaths in 2014. The use of psychoactive substances while driving is considered a major contributing factor to the occurrence of these accidents. In addition to alcohol, the most used illicit drugs in our country are amphetamines, cocaine and cannabis. Amphetamines and cocaine are commonly used by truck drivers to stay awake for several hours because they are likely to sleep while driving. Therefore, it is necessary to understand better this problem in order to help authorities implement public policies related to drug use by drivers and thus minimize traffic accidents in Brazil. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of psychoactive substance (amphetamines, cocaine and cannabis) use among truck drivers in the highways of the State of Sao Paulo by toxicological analysis in urine and to correlate it with sociodemographic and occupational data. Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study in which data collection was carried out between 2008 and 2012. This study included 1,316 drivers who provided a urine sample after signing a consent form and answering to a questionnaire with sociodemographic and occupational data. The urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Of the total samples collected, 7.8% (n = 103) were positive for one or more tested drugs and/or its metabolites, with 3.4% positive for amphetamine, 2.8% for cocaine and 1.1% for cannabis. The remaining 0.5% corresponded to cases with more than one drug. The three drugs were found during most of the study period, except in 2008. Toxicological findings were distributed differently according to some variables: age, employment period and marital status were associated with drug use, while the employment type, ethnicity and education were not. Travel length and night rest period were also associated with drug use. Daytime rest period, travel length period, driving time without rest, number of occupants and freight content did not correlate significantly with drug use. In addition, there was no statistically significant association between consumption of drugs and diseases (such as hypertension, diabetes and stress) or physical activity. However, the association between alcohol use (reported by truck drivers) and drug use was found. Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of psychoactive substances by truck drivers is common and this use is associated with age, employment period and marital status, as well as distance traveled and night rest period

Esta dissertação propõe um estudo sobre o interesse dos usuários de internet na Cannabis sativa, ou maconha, a partir da recuperação de buscas de usuários no sistema Google e sobre discussões na comunidade virtual do Facebook Quebrando o Tabu. O texto é dividido em três partes: na primeira, se apresenta a história da cannabis no Brasil e no mundo; na segunda, são expostos os mecanismos de buscas e as redes sociais; na terceira, há aplicações das metodologias propostas. Nesta última parte, usam-­se dados do mecanismo de busca e análise de discurso da comunidade para traçar as especificidades dos usuários de internet na pesquisa e discussão sobre a maconha no Brasil. Deseja-­se, de tal modo, contribuir para o debate acadêmico com a incorporação de análise e dados, além da reflexão sobre questões de legalização e descriminalização da cannabis no país. / This dissertation proposes a study about the interest of internet users on Cannabis sativa (also known as marijuana), based on the retrieval of search query logs in Google system and about the discussion on the Facebook page named Quebrando o Tabu. The text is composed of three parts: the first one presents the history of Cannabis in Brazil and around the world; the second one shows both search engine and social media; the third one develops the proposed methodologies. This last part uses search engine data and discourse analysis to set the distinctiveness of Brazilian internet users into research and discussion about Cannabis. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the academic debate by embodying data and analysis into the reflection about legalization and decriminalization of marijuana in Brazil.

A maconha é a droga ilícita mais consumida entre gestantes. Entretanto, os efeitos do uso materno sobre a gestação e o desenvolvimento fetal não são bem esclarecidos. Estudos experimentais e epidemiológicos apresentam resultados conflitantes devido à via de administração, tempo de exposição, dose e como a toxicidade da Cannabis é testada. Neste estudo experimental foram investigados os efeitos da inalação materna da fumaça de Cannabis sativa, aproximando as reais condições de uso da droga por humanos. Camundongas gávidas (n=20) foram expostas diariamente durante 5 minutos à fumaça decorrente da queima de maconha ( 0,2 g de Cannabis), ou ao ar filtrado, a partir do 5,5° dia gestacional (DG) ao 17,5° DG. A ingestão de alimentos e o peso materno foram registrados. Análise por ultrassom foram realizadas entre o 10,5° e o 16,5° DG. No 18,5° DG metade das fêmeas foram eutanasiadas para a a avaliação dos fetos a termo, reabsorções e placentas. A duração da gestação, desfechos neonatais e comportamentais (reflexo, força muscular, ansiedade e memória) em neonatos e adultos foram avaliados na outra metade das fêmeas. A exposição diária de 5 min (dose baixa) durante a gestação resultou em redução do peso ao nascer mas o tamanho da prole não foi alterado; No entanto, o número de filhotes machos por prole foi maior. Além disso, o peso líquido da placenta foi aumentado e a proporção feto/placenta foi diminuída em machos, mostrando um efeito específico do sexo. A exposição também alterou a força muscular e reflexos em neonatos, além de causar prejuízos na memória e efeito ansiolítico na prole exposta. Em conclusão, os resultados indicam que o fumo da maconha durante a gestação, mesmo em doses baixas, pode ser embriotóxico, fetotóxico e pode alterar o comportamento em neonatos e adultos / Marijuana is the most used illegal drug among pregnant women. However, the effects of maternal use on pregnacy and fetal development are not well understood. Experimental and epidemiologicals studies have show conflicting results due to the route of administration, duration of exposure, dose, and a toxicity of Cannabis is tested. In this experimental study we investigated the effects of maternal inhalation of smoke Cannbis sativa , approaching the actual drug use conditons for humans. Pregnant mice (n=20) were exposed (only noise) daily for 5 min to smoke resulting from burning marijuana (0.2g Cannabis), or filtered air, from gestational day (GD) 5.5° to GD 17.5°. Food intake and maternal weight were recorded. Ultrasound analysis was performed on 10.5 and 16.5° GD. On 18.5° GD half the mice were euthanized for evaluation of term fetus, resorptions and placenta. The duration of pregnancy , neonatal outcomes and behavioral reponses (reflex,muscle strenght, anxiety and memory) were assessed in the other half of the females. The daily exposure of 5 min (low dose) during pregnancy resulted in reduced brth weiht but the size of the offspring was not changed; however, the number of males per offspring pups was higher. In addition, placental weight was increased and fetus/placenta ratio was decreased in males, showing a particular effect of sex.The exposure also altered muscle strength and reflexes in newborns and cause impars in memory and anxiolytic effects in exposed offspring. In conclusion, the results indicate that smoking marijuana during pregnancy, even in low doses, can be embryotoxic, foetotoxic and may change in the behavior in neonates and adults

En Europe, la France a le plus haut niveau de consommation de cannabis. En 2014, près d’un quartdes jeunes français de 15 à 25 ans étaient consommateurs mensuels. Fumer du cannabis engendre desconséquences somatiques, psychiatriques et sociales, ainsi qu’un sur-risque d’accident mortel aprèsavoir consommé. Les effets de la consommation durant l’adolescence sont responsables de microlésionscérébrales souvent irréversibles. La lutte contre la consommation de cannabis est un enjeu de santépublic majeur pour de nombreux pays. En France, 80% des jeunes de 15-25 ans ont consulté un médecingénéraliste dans l’année écoulée, ce qui en fait un interlocuteur privilégié pour le repérage précoce de laconsommation de cannabis. Pourtant, peu de médecins généralistes interrogent leurs patients sur leurconsommation. L’Intervention Brève est une technique d’entretien motivationnel, centrée sur le patientet ayant pour objectif un changement de comportement. Des études ont montré l'acceptabilité et lafaisabilité de cette technique auprès des consommateurs. Le médecin généraliste pourrait donc utilisercette technique pour repérer et prendre en charge les jeunes consommateurs.Nous avons réalisé 2 études qualitatives, l’une par entretiens individuels auprès de jeunesconsommateurs, l’autre par focus group auprès de MG, afin de mieux comprendre leur relation et dansle but d’améliorer leur communication. L’étude qualitative auprès des adolescents soulignaitl’ambivalence propre à cette période et à la consommation d’une substance. Ils percevaient le MGcomme juge et possible délateur, mais également comme une autorité bienveillante et l’interlocuteurprivilégié pour parler de leur consommation. Le manque de temps et de connaissances du MG étaientperçus comme des obstacles au dialogue, connaître le MG depuis longtemps était un facilitateur.L’étude auprès des MG révélait également une ambivalence : conscients des dangers du cannabis, ilsconcevaient pourtant sa consommation comme du domaine de la vie privé des consommateurs. Ils ontrapporté un manque de connaissances et de temps pour aborder le sujet. Connaître le patient depuislongtemps était un frein à la relation.Nous avons ensuite réalisé un essai contrôlé randomisé en cluster afin d’évaluer l’effet à 12 mois dela réalisation d’une intervention brève par des médecins préalablement formés auprès d’adolescentsconsommateurs de cannabis de 15 à 25 ans. Après 1 an, la consommation des patients du groupeintervention (GI) est passée de 30 [6-80] à 17.5 (2–60) et celle du groupe témoin (GT) de 20 [5-40] à 17.5(4–40). L’étude n’a pas montré de résultats statistiquement significatifs entre les deux groupes à 1 an : p= 0.13. Cependant, l’étude a montré une diminution significative du nombre de joints fumés dans le GI(p = 0.02), ce qui n’est pas le cas dans le GT (p=0,29). A 1 an également, les consommateurs nonquotidiens fumaient moins dans le GI (GI = 3 [0–15] versus GC =10 [3–30] joints par mois ; p = 0.01). Au6ème mois, l’étude a montré une différence significative en analyse multivariée entre les niveaux deconsommation pour les moins de 18 ans (GI = 12.5 [1–30] versus GC = 20 [12–60], p = 0.04).Ces résultats sont de nature à encourager les médecins généralistes à repérer précocement leursjeunes patients consommateurs de cannabis et à réaliser une intervention brève. La posture d’expert desanté, distancié des représentations personnelles et de citoyen, lui permet d’être univoque dans sonmessage et sa prise en charge, tout en usant d’empathie qui permet une alliance thérapeutique avec lejeune consommateur. La recherche clinique sur le cannabis est délicate en raison de l’aspect illégal de sa consommation et interroge sur la recherche sur les substances illicites en général. Les dangers du cannabis sont tels, qu’ilfaut continuer à encourager l’émergence de travaux sur cette thématique pour comprendre lescomportements des consommateurs et optimiser leur prise en charge / A major public health issue in many countries, the consumption of cannabis is higher in France thananywhere else in Europe. In 2014, nearly a quarter of French youths aged 15 to 25 were monthlyconsumers. Smoking cannabis has somatic, psychiatric and social consequences, and there is a high riskof a fatal accident during or after consumption. Consumption is responsible for cerebral micro-lesions inadolescents in particular, the effects of which are often irreversible. In France, 80% of young peopleaged 15-25 consult a general practitioner (GP) in a typical year, making these professionals ideallyplaced to detect and advise on cannabis use early on. Few general practitioners question their patientsabout their intake, however. Brief Intervention (BI) is a motivational, patient-centered interviewtechnique designed to change behavior, and studies have shown its acceptability and feasibility forusers, including younger consumers’. GPs could make use of it to identify and treat cannabis users.Two qualitative studies were carried out, one using individual interviews with young users, the otherby focus group with the GP, in order to better understand the relationship and to improvecommunication between them. The qualitative study among adolescents highlighted the ambivalencepeculiar to this age group and to substance use in particular. They perceived the GP to be a judge and apossible informer, but also a benevolent authority and a privileged interlocutor in discussions aboutdrug use. A lack of time, and poor knowledge of the GP were perceived to be obstacles to dialogue, butknowing the MG for a long time made matters easier. Studying GPs also revealed an ambivalence:conscious of the dangers of cannabis, they nevertheless conceived its consumption to be a feature ofthe private lives of consumers. They also reported a lack of knowledge and time to address the topic.Knowing the patient for a long time was a brake to the drug dialogue.Based on the data obtained from the study, we developed a one-day training seminar for GPs. Theobjectives were to remove barriers to communication, to refresh doctors on current knowledge aboutcannabis, and to train them in brief intervention.A randomized controlled cluster trial were performed to evaluate the 12-month effects of briefintervention by the GP who had previously been trained among adolescents between 15 and 25 years ofage who used cannabis. After 1 year, cannabis use in the intervention group (IG) decreased from 30 [6-80] to 17.5 [2-60] and that in the control group (CG) decreased from 20 [5-40] to 17.5 [4-40]. The studydid not show any statistically significant results between the two groups after 1 year: p = 0.13. However,it did show a significant decrease in the number of joints smoked in the IG (p = 0.02), which was not thecase for the CG (p = 0.29). Also after 1 year, non-daily consumers smoked fewer joints per month in theIG (IG = 3 [0-15] versus CG = 10 [3-30], p = 0.01). In the 6th month, the study revealed a significantdifference in the multivariate analysis between consumption levels for those under 18 (IG = 12.5 [1-30]versus CG = 20 [12-60], p = 0.04).This study has also allowed an understanding of the complexity of the approach to the cannabisuse in primary care. The structuring of research on primary care is complex and requires methodologicalreflection that is essential for all future projects. Clinical research on cannabis is a delicate matterbecause of the illegality of its use and more general questions of research on illegal substances. Thedangers of cannabis are such that it is necessary to continue to encourage further work on this topic inorder to understand the behaviors of consumers and improve care regimes.

Cannabis use is illegal according to swedish drugpolicy. Self-reported data shows that cannabis is the most common drug used by adolescents in Sweden. Among results from previous studies several findings indicate a strong correlation between cannabis use during adolscence and failure in school, poor parental ties and criminal behaviour. This study used a school-based sample of adolescents in Stockholm. The main focus of this study was to examine if social factors linked to Hirschi's social bonding theory affect if adolescents used cannabis. Results from a logistic regression analysis partly supported Hirschi's theory. The results suggested that cigarettesmoking and alcohol intoxication are the two strongest factors which affect if adolescents use cannabis. Findings also indicated that young cannabis users tend to have friends who use illegal drugs. / Att bruka cannabis är illegalt enligt svensk narkotikapolitik. Självrapporterad data visar att cannabis är det mest vanliga narkotikaklassade preparatet som används bland ungdomar i Sverige. Av tidigare studier indikerar resultat att det finns ett samband mellan cannabisbruk i ungdomen och misslyckand i skolan, svag anknytning till föräldrar och brottsligt beteende. Denna studie använde ett skolbaserat urval av ungdomar i Stockholms stad. Huvudfokus i studien var att undersöka om faktorer, kopplade till Hirschis sociala bandteori, påverkar om ungdomar använder cannabis. Resultat från en logistisk regressionsanalys gav delvis stöd åt Hirschis teori. Resultaten indikerar att rökning av tobak och berusningsdrickande är de faktorer som mest påverkar att ungdomar använder cannabis. Resultaten indikerar också på att unga som använt cannabis tenderar att ha vänner som använder illegala narkotiska preparat.

Bakgrund: Bruk av narkotika bland ungdomar har ökat i Sverige de senaste tio åren. Cannabisbruk som är den vanligaste drogen bland ungdomar har visat sig att i tidig ålder kan ge upphov till psykisk störning och sjukdom. Skolsköterskans förebyggande arbete är en del i arbetet för att skapa en drogfri skola. Syfte: Att beskriva skolsköterskors upplevelse av narkotikaförebyggande arbetet inomskolan. Metod: Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats och bygger på intervjuer med sex skolsköterskor som analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra huvudkategorier och tio underkategorier. Kategorierna beskriver att skolsköterskorna identifierar elever som brukar narkotika, skapar relation medelever, stärka elevernas skyddsfaktorer och arbetar systematiskt och i samverkan. Tema som framkom var strategier som synliggör och möjliggör arbetet mot narkotika. Slutsats: Skolsköterskan arbetar utifrån det salutogena perspektivet och använder metodersom motiverande samtal med elever i förebyggande arbete mot narkotika. Studien visar att skolsköterskan ser eleven ur ett helhetsperspektiv som en del i ett större sammanhang. Samarbete och en god relation med övriga professioner samt vårdnadshavare är av stor vikt för ett framgångsrikt förebyggande arbete mot narkotika samt ett bättre skolresultat. / Background: The use of narcotics, mainly cannabis, has increased among youngsters in Sweden during the last 10 years. The use of cannabis can lead to mental issues and even disease. The school nurse plays a pivotal role in the work against drugs abuse. Purpose: To highlight the School Nurses' experience of working against abuse amon ghigh school students. Method: This study is a qualitative study with an inductive approach through interviews with six school nurses, the interviews were analyzed according to qualitative content analyses. Result: The result was four main categories and ten subcategories. The categories show that the School Nurses identify students who use drugs, create relations with them, strengthen their outer protection and work systematically and in cooperation with other caretakers. Themes that emerged were strategies that highlight and enable the work against drugs. Conclusion: The School Nurses work with a salutogenic perspective and use appropriate methods as motivational conversations with students in preventive work against drugs. The study shows that the School Nurse sees the student from a holistic perspective as part of alarger context. Collaboration and good relationships with other professions and custodians are of great importance for successful prevention of drugs and better school result.

While the western world is in the midst of a liberalisation trend where laws concerning cannabis are frequently changed in favour of a more permissive stance, the characteristic Swedish objective for “a drug-free society” remains. Based on five different cannabis discourses in Swedish press, which have been identified in previous research, this paper uses a quantitative content analysis to examine how often these discourses appear, and the scope they are given, in four of Sweden’s largest newspapers. This was done with the purpose of finding out if there has been a change in the way media portrays cannabis in 2012 compared to 2020. Social constructionism has been used as a theoretical framework, and 120 articles for each year have been encoded and analysed using discourse- and agenda-setting theory. The results show that the legal discourse continues to be dominant, that the medical discourse has become more nuanced, and that the financial and recreational discourse have been given more room in the media. Furthermore they show that the discourse regarding social problems has conspicuously decreased. Based on the international trends, the key role of the media as an actor for social change, and tendencies among the population, it is suggested in the discussion of the results that research in this area continues. Additionally, an ongoing discussion regarding the role of social work as it pertains to societal development is encouraged. / Samtidigt som västvärlden är mitt uppe i en liberaliseringstrend där lagar kring cannabis på allt fler håll förändras i en tillåtande riktning kvarstår den för Sverige karaktäristiska målbilden ”det narkotikafria samhället”. Med utgångspunkt i fem olika cannabisdiskurser i svensk press, som identifierats i tidigare forskning, har denna uppsats med hjälp av en kvantitativ innehållsanalys undersökt hur ofta dessa diskurser framkommer samt hur mycket utrymme de ges i fyra av Sveriges största dags- och kvällstidningar. Detta har gjorts med syfte att ta reda på om det skett någon förändring i medias framställning av cannabis mellan 2012 och 2020. Socialkonstruktionismen har använts som teoretiskt ramverk och 120 artiklar för respektive år har kodats och analyserats med hjälp av diskurs- samt dagordningsteori. Resultatet visar att den juridiska diskursen är fortsatt dominerande, att den medicinska diskursen har nyanserats samt att den ekonomiska och den rekreationella diskursen har fått mer medialt utrymme. Vidare visar det också att diskursen om sociala problem har minskat markant. Med utgångspunkt i de internationella trenderna, medias nyckelroll som förändrande samhällsaktör samt tendenser till attitydförändring hos befolkningen föreslås i resultatdiskussionen en fortsatt forskning på området. Även en levande diskussion kring det sociala arbetets roll i relation till samhällsutvecklingen uppmuntras, detta för att vidare reflektera kring dess potentiella konsekvenser för uppdraget att förebygga missbruk och skydda barn- och unga.

Sverige är ett av de länder som valt att nogsamt prova effekten av cannabis som läkemedel innan en juridisk ställning kan tas till fullo. Bortsett från den juridiska process råder en norm om cannabis som läkemedel i vår individualiserade tid. I uppsatsen studeras hur normen om cannabis för medicinskt bruk ser ut och hur individer förhåller sig till normen. Uppsatsen grundas på en ontologisk idealism där synen på verkligheten konstrueras genom subjektiva uppfattningar. Uppsatsen betraktar också konstruktionism som en ontologi som förklarar uppfattningar som föränderliga. Vidare grundas uppsatsen på en hermeneutisk epistemologi där kunskap nås genom tolkning. Arbetet genomförs med kvalitativa intervjuer där det fysiska mötet tolkas såväl utifrån vad individen faktiskt säger och det individen inte säger i form av kroppsliga uttryck och gester. Studien resulterar i olika associationer med cannabis som läkemedel, vilket fångar normen som individer förhåller sig olika till. / Sweden is one of several countries that has chosen to stay cautious by carefully examine the effects of cannabis for a medical use, before a legalization can be established. Besides the process of legalization there is an existing norm about cannabis as a pharmaceutical in our individualized era. We therefore analyze how the norm is with cannabis for a medical use and further how individuals navigates through the norm. The course of action in this essay is formed by a ontological idealism that constructs the vision of reality by subjective perceptions. It also observes the constructionism as an ontology that reflects the perceptions as changeable. The essay is further based on a hermeneutic epistemology that reaches knowledge through interpretation. The essay is also performed through qualitative interviews that construe individuals respond. However we analyze the said words, we also construe the individuals physical expression and gesticulation. It results in different associations with cannabis as a pharmaceutical which makes the norm visible, that individuals relate differently to.

This diploma thesis focuses specifically on the phenomenon of self-medication with cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.) in the Czech Republic exploring subjective perception of this treatment by ill persons and its sociocultural framework. It describes a situation when the state fails to effectively regulate medical cannabis and patients often seek practices of self-medication, which remains illegal. Theoretical part of this thesis aims to explain the self- medication and cannabis use in the sociocultural context. Practical part is based on an anthropological research, which was implemented in the Czech Republic from January 1, 2017 to May 1, 2017 in a form of the on-line qualitative questionnaire survey. The research sample consists of 107 subjects, who used cannabis and its derives for self-medication. The analysis was done by the Grounded theory method. The results demonstrate that people who seek cannabis self-medication in the Czech Republic consider current legal regulation of cannabis objectionable. Cannabis plants for self-medication are usually grown at home and people find information about specifics of the treatment on-line. Looking at experience of patients, this thesis describes specifics of the practices of cannabis self-medication and it could be useful for organizations working with...