Esta pesquisa lança mão do conceito de Capacidades de Governo Relacionadas a Utilização de TICs em Processos de Participação Social (CGTPS) e investiga o caso de produção do aplicativo digital da 3a. Conferencia Nacional de Juventude para compreender quais capacidades estatais foram demandadas pelo Estado e como foram mobilizadas da Sociedade, contribuindo para o debate sobre capacidades estatais e governança digital para a coprodução de tecnologias governamentais digitais / This research makes use of the concept of Government Capabilities Related to the Use of ICTs in Social Participation Processes (CGTPS) and investigates the case of production of the 3rd National Youth Conference\'s digital application to understand what state capacities were demanded by the state and how they were mobilized from the Society, contributing to the debate on state capabilities and digital governance for the co-production of digital government technologies

Este trabalho busca contribuir com a discussão sobre política industrial no Brasil a partir da literatura que versa sobre capacidades estatais, propondo abordá-las a partir de uma perspectiva bifocal do conceito. Isso se dá com a combinação das óticas institucional e situacional das capacidades estatais. A primeira se encontra respaldada no arcabouço teórico do neoinstitucionalismo histórico, enquanto que a segunda tem como base essencialmente as contribuições oriundas do conceito de capacidades de governo de Carlos Matus. Essa escolha se deve à dependência ainda verificada da orientação político-ideológica de qual governo se encontra no poder para que a política industrial esteja na agenda, o que se mescla às capacidades reunidas pelo Estado também entendidas a partir do legado histórico-institucional acumulado até então. Desse modo, justifica-se a combinação das perspectivas situacional e institucional. Este trabalho se constitui metodologicamente em um estudo de caso que reúne os elementos necessários para o exame de política industrial no Brasil nos termos propostos. O referido caso é o programa Inovar-Auto, cujo desenho prevê uma espécie de benefício fiscal atrelado ao cumprimento de contrapartidas pelas empresas participantes. Assim, o programa abarca quatro capacidades estudadas: financeira, que engloba a institucionalidade fiscal e as condições orçamentárias para promover políticas públicas; de coordenação interburocrática, elemento requerido para ações públicas de natureza intersetorial como a política industrial; de monitoramento de contrapartidas por parte das empresas beneficiárias, cuja conclusão é que, mesmo sendo a maior contribuição potencial da formulação do programa, trata-se da capacidade mais frágil no momento de sua implementação; e, por fim, a capacidade política, envolvida nas relações entre Estado e iniciativa privada necessária à formulação e implementação do Inovar-Auto. Essas capacidades supracitadas foram levantadas na fase de revisão de literatura desta dissertação e entendidas como úteis como resultado da pesquisa de campo / This dissertation seeks to contribute to the debate about industrial policy in Brazil from the literature about state capacities, proposing to approach them with a bifocal perspective of the concept. It combines the institutional and situational perspectives of state capacities. The first perspective is supported by the theoretical framework of historical neoinstitutionalism, while the second is essentially based on the contributions from Carlos Matus\'s concept of capacities of government. This choice is based on the dependence still verified of the political-ideological orientation of which government is in power. It is needed to industrial policy be in the agenda. The capacities reunited by the State, also understood from the accumulated historical-institutional legacy, are demanded too. Therefore, the combination of situational and institutional perspectives is justified. This dissertation is methodologically a case study that brings together the needed elements for the analysis of industrial policy in Brazil. This case is the Inovar-Auto program, which is formulated with a kind of tax benefit vinculated to counterparties to be achieved by its participating companies. The program encompasses four capacities studied: financial, which includes fiscal institutionality and the budgetary conditions to promote public policies; Interbureaucratic coordination, required for intersectoral public actions as industrial policy; Monitoring counterparts provided by the beneficiary companies, being the conclusion that, even though it would be the greatest potential contribution of the program\'s formulation, it consists in the weakest capacity at the moment of its implementation; Finally, the political capacity, involved in the relations between State and private sector, and needed for the formulation and implementation of Inovar-Auto. These capacities were raised in the literature review and understood as useful as a result of the field research

Orientador: Paulo Cesar Montagner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T13:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nunes_JoaoAntonio_M.pdf: 849032 bytes, checksum: 893316164592f59cba2dd070d4b62dda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O Basquetebol é um desporto complexo que envolve muitas variáveis. O entendimento da relevância das variáveis físicas, técnicas e táticas dentro do contexto do jogo, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento da modalidade. Esta é uma pesquisa de campo descritiva e correlacional, que teve como objetivos descrever, comparar e correlacionar as variáveis antropométricas (peso, altura, gordura relativa, IMC) e biomotoras (força, potência aeróbia, anaeróbia e resistência anaeróbia), com os indicadores técnicos de jogo (tempo de jogo, arremessos, rebotes, bolas recuperadas e erros). A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por atletas da Seleção Brasileira de Basquetebol Feminino, que estavam em preparação e participaram das Olimpíadas de Sidney-2000 e Atenas-2004. Para o levantamento dos dados, foram utilizados testes de supino, agachamento, salto vertical, Forward-Backward e VO2 máx, os indicadores técnicos foram adquiridos à partir do site de domínio público. O tratamento estatístico das informações foi realizado mediante o pacote computadorizado StatisticaTM 6.0®. Após constatação da normalidade (teste de shapiro wilk) dos dados, recorreu-se aos procedimentos da estatística descritiva e, ao teste ¿t¿ de Student para amostras independentes. Foram determinados ainda os coeficientes de correlação simples de Pearson. Como resultados mais relevantes, destacam-se: a) O valor significantemente maior de VO2max nos Jogos Olímpicos de Sidney em relação ao encontrado nos Jogos Olímpicos de Atenas (p<0,05), b) Foram encontradas correlações moderadas (r>0,40) e significantes entre o tempo de jogo e o índice de massa corporal (IMC), %G e VO2máx (p<0,05), c) Quanto aos rebotes, esses apresentaram moderadas e significantes correlações com a estatura e a massa magra (p<0,05). Conclui-se que existe uma relação inversa entre percentual de gordura elevado e os indicadores técnicos que contribuem de forma positiva para o resultado final de jogo. Palavras chaves: Basquetebol, Esportes femininos, Seleção olímpica, Capacidade motora / Abstract: Basketball is a complex sport that involves many variables. The understanding of the relevance of the physical variables, techniques and tactics within the context of the game, is fundamental towards the development of the modality. This is a descriptive and correlational field research, which has as an objective to describe, compare and correlate the anthropometric variable (weight, height, body fat, BMI) and biomotor capacity (strength, aerobic, anaerobic, power and anaerobic resistance), with the game technical indicators (playing time, points, rebounds, steal balls and turnovers). The sample of the research was made of athletes from the Brazilian Female Basketball Olympic National Team who were on the training and participated for the Sydney Olympic Games/2000 and Atenas/2004. For raising the data, the bench press test, squat, vertical jump, Forward-Backward and VO2max have been used; the technical indicators have been acquired from a public domain site. The statistic treatment on the information has been run according to the StatisticaTM 6.0®. After the proving of the normality (shapiro wilk test) of the data, the descriptive statistics procedures and the ¿t¿ Student test were run to for independents samples. And also Pearson¿s simple correlation coefficients have been determined. As more relevant results, stand out: a) the significantly bigger value of VO2max in the Sydney Olympic games in relation to the ones that have been found in the Atenas Olympic games (p<0,05), b) moderate correlations (r>0,40) and significants between the playing time and the body mass index (BMI), % body fat mass e VO2max (p<0,05) have found; c) about the rebounds, they have shown moderate and significant correlations with the height and fat free mass (p<0,05). In conclusion, it is possible to assure there is an inverse relationship between a high body fat mass percentage and technical variables which contribute in a positive way to the final result of the game / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física

Orientador: Paulo Cesar Montagner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T17:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_Ariel_M.pdf: 1555149 bytes, checksum: 0f4c2268758277f347604afd220712d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as capacidades biomotoras de jovens praticantes de basquetebol da categoria sub 14, durante um macrociclo. A amostra foi composta por 11 jovens púberes, praticantes de basquetebol do sexo masculino (idade: 13,3 ± 0,6 anos, massa corporal: 63 ± 9,7 kg, altura: 171,9 ± 4,7 cm, % de gordura: 19,2 ± 9,3). Todos os conteúdos do treinamento foram descritos diariamente e posteriormente se buscou classificá-los a partir da capacidade biomotora predominante que compõem os sistemas neuromuscular e funcional. As cargas de treino e competição foram controladas pela escala da PSE. A avaliação maturacional foi aferida pelas características sexuais secundárias e as capacidades biomotoras avaliadas foram: a velocidade em 10 (Vel-10) e 20 (Vel-20) metros; a velocidade em 10 (VelD-10) e 20 (VelD-20) metros driblando; a força explosiva de membros inferiores (FEMI), através do Counter Movement Jump (FEMI-CMJ), do Squat Jump (FEMI-SJ) e do salto horizontal (FEMI-H); a força explosiva de membros superiores (FEMS); a agilidade (Agil); a resistência aeróbia (RAe); e a resistência anaeróbia (RAn). O experimento foi composto por 20 semanas com 52 sessões de treinos, de duração de 113,5 ± 15,07 minutos. As capacidades biomotoras e a maturação sexual foram avaliadas em três momentos, os quais aconteceram na primeira semana (A1), na sétima semana (A2) e na vigésima primeira semana (A3). O período preparatório foi da primeira a sexta semana e o competitivo aconteceu da sétima a vigésima semana. O sistema funcional (90,8%) foi superior ao neuromuscular (9,2%) durante todo o macrociclo e a resistência especial foi a capacidade mais utilizada com 82,3%. Foi calculado o ?% dos dados coletados para todos os momentos e a normalidade dos dados das capacidades biomotoras foi verificada com o teste de Shapiro Wilk e para a comparação dos momentos foi utilizado o teste de Friedman (não paramétrico). A capacidade biomotora da RAe mostrou diferenças positivas significativas da A1 para a A2, a RAn foi alterada de forma positiva e significante da A1 quando comparada com a A2 e A3. Assim a distribuição dos conteúdos do treinamento favoreceu a melhora da RAe e da RAn no período preparatório e ainda a RAn melhorou para todo o período, sendo possível constatar que as alterações foram causadas pelos estímulos oferecidos, pelo fato da maturação sexual não ter apresentado diferenças ao longo do macrociclo. Ainda, a velocidade e a força explosiva que não sofreram alterações frente a distribuição dos conteúdos, apresentam uma fase sensível para seu desenvolvimento para jovens de 13 anos de idade e foram pouco treinadas. Dessa forma se conclui que a maneira que foi organizado o treinamento, melhorou as capacidades biomotoras da resistência, principalmente a RAn devido a ênfase da resistência especial, mas volumes maiores devem ser direcionados para a velocidade e a força explosiva, pois de acordo com as fases sensíveis do treinamento, essas capacidade biomotoras possuem um momento favorável para o aprimoramento. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the biomotor capacities of young basketball players of the category sub 14, during a macrocycle. The sample consisted of 11 young pubescent, practitioners basketball males (age: 13.3 ± 0.6 years, body mass: 63 ± 9.7 kg, height: 171.9 ± 4.7 cm, fat percentage: 19.2 ± 9.3%). All contents of the training were described daily and subsequently sought to classify them from the predominant biomotor capacity that compose the neuromuscular and functional systems. Loads of training and competitions were controlled by the scale of the PSE. Maturational assessment was measured by secondary sexual characteristics and biomotor capacities evaluated were: speed in 10 (VEL-10) and 20 (VEL-20) meters; speed in 10 (VelD-10) and 20 (VelD-20) meters dribbling; the power of the lower limbs (FEMI), through the Counter Movement Jump (FEMI-CMJ), the Squat Jump (FEMI-SJ) and horizontal jump (FEMI-H); the power of upper limbs (FEMS); Agility (Agil); the aerobic resistance (RAe); the anaerobic resistance (RAn). The experiment was composed of 20 weeks with 52 practice sessions, duration of 113.5 ± 15.07 minutes. Biomotor capabilities and sexual maturation were evaluated in three moments, which occurred in the first week (A1), in the seventh week (A2) and the twenty-first week (A3). The preparatory period was from first to sixth week and the competitive happened from seventh to twentieth week. The functional system (90.8%) was higher than neuromuscular (9.2%) throughout the macrocycle and the special resistance was the most used capacity with 82.3%. It was calculated the ?% of collected data for all times and the normality of the data of biomotor capacities was verified with the Shapiro Wilk test and for comparison of the moments was used the Friedman test (nonparametric). The biomotor capacity of the RAe showed significant positive differences from A1 to A2, the RAn was changed in a positive way and significant of the A1 when compared with the A2 and A3. So the distribution of contents favored the improvement of RAe and RAn in the preparatory period and still RAn improved for the entire period, being possible to see that the changes were caused by stimulus offered, by the fact of sexual maturation has not presented differences. Still, the speed and the power that have not undergone changes compared to distribution of contents, feature a sensitive phase to its development for young people from 13 years of age and were barely trained. Thus it was concluded that way was organized training, improved biomotor capacities of resistance, mainly the RAn due to emphasis of special resistance, but larger volumes should be directed to the speed and power, because according to the sensitive phases of training, these capacity biomotoras have an auspicious moment for the improvement. / Mestrado / Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte / Mestre em Educação Física

L’aire de distribution des espèces est conditionnée à la fois par des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques et ses frontières dépendent généralement des limites physiologiques de l’espèce. Ainsi, en bordure d’aire de répartition, les populations se caractérisent par une diversité génétique moindre ainsi qu’une forte différentiation génétique et leur existence dépend d’un équilibre fragile entre événements de colonisation et d’extinction.Depuis les années 1970, l’augmentation et l’accélération des pressions anthropiques exercées sur les écosystèmes bouleversent ces équilibres et des modifications de l’aire de répartition sont observées chez certaines espèces dont le bivalve Macoma balthica, espèce clé des écosystèmes littoraux en Europe, dont la limite sud de répartition s’est décalée vers le nord-est au cours des quarante dernières années.Afin d’évaluer les capacités adaptatives de M. balthica et dans un but de conservation, deux approches complémentaires ont été menées dans des environnements contrastés qui ont permis de mettre en évidence des signes d’adaptation locale.D’une part, l’étude du génome neutre à l’aide des outils méthodologiques et concepts de la génétique des populations a permis d’inférer l’histoire démographique de l’espèce avec une attention particulière portée sur une baie en limite d’aire de répartition (Baie de Marennes Oléron, France) et sur une baie soumise à de fortes pressions physico-chimiques (Baie de Gdansk, Pologne). Nous avons mis en évidence notamment :(i) un polymorphisme significatif dans les populations en limite d’aire en opposition avec les attendus théoriques(ii) des ruptures au flux de gènes dans le golfe de Gascogne soumis au réchauffement des eaux de surface mais aussi le long d’un gradient environnemental dans la baie de Gdansk. D’autre part, l’étude moléculaire de la sélection a été menée par la méthode de pyroséquençage sur le transcriptome d’individus prélevés en milieux contrastés. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence des tendances d’expression différentielle de gènes de réponse générale au stress selon le milieu considéré. / Species distribution is conditioned by biotic and abiotic factors and its borders depend generally on physiological limits of species. At the edge of their distribution, populations are characterized by a less genetic diversity as well as a strong genetic differentiation and their existence depends on a fragile balance between colonization and extinction.Since the 1970s, the increase and the acceleration of the anthropological pressures exercised on ecosystems upset this balance. As a consequence, modifications of many species distributions are observed. As an example, the south end of the distribution of the bivalve Macoma balthica, a key species of the european littoral ecosystems has moved towards the northeast during the last forty years.In order to conserve this species, we need to estimate the adaptive capacities of M. balthica. Two complementary approaches were undertaken in contrasting environments. The neutral genome was studied using population genetics methods to the demographic history of the species with a particular attention at the edge of its distribution (Bay of Marennes Oléron, France) and in a bay subjected to strong physico-chemical pressures (Bay of Gdansk, Poland). We brought to light in particular:1) A significant polymorphism in the populations at the edge of the distribution in contrast to theoretical predictions.2) A geneflow rupture correlated with high sea surface temperature (in the Bay of Biscay) and also along an environmental gradient ( derived from multiple parameters) in the bay of Gdansk.The molecular study of natural selection was conducted by the method of pyroséquençage using transcriptome from individuals at specific locations. This study allowed us to bring to light tendencies of differential gene expression implicated in the general response to stress.

La croissance économique est un indicateur majeur pour évaluer la capacité d'un pays à améliorer le niveau de bien-être de sa population. La littérature économique associe la croissance à une progression vigoureuse et sur une longue période de la production totale, ou de celle par tête. Le rythme de la croissance correspond au taux de croissance de la production et du revenu sur le long terme. Les économistes de la révolution industrielle ont identifié dans l'accumulation du capital, le moteur de ce mouvement. L'investissement, élément particulier de la demande, puisqu'il permet d'augmenter le stock de capital, est également susceptible d'augmenter les capacités de production. La réalisation de la croissance est un objectif essentiel de la politique économique. Dans le modèle de Ramsey, la croissance repose essentiellement sur l'accumulation du capital matériel. Il est donc fondamental d'étudier les facteurs qui favorisent cette accumulation à long-terme, ou qui au contraire viennent la freiner. Parmi ces facteurs se trouvent les déterminants de l'épargne. / The economic growth is a major indicator which estimates a country's capacity to improve its population well-being level. The economic literature associates economic growth with an increase of either a total or per capita supported production on the long time. The growth rhythm corresponds to the production rate and the income growth rate on the long term. The economists of the industrial revolution has identified in the capital accumulation, the dynamic of that movement. Investment is a particular element of the demand, since it allows to increase the capital stock, and thus to increase the production capacities. Growth realization is an essential aim of the economic policy. ln Ramsey's model the growth bases essentially on the physical capital accumulation. So it is fundamental to study the factors which favor this accumulation in the long term or slow it down on the contrary. Among these factors are the determiners of savings.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem necessárias para a produção dos gêneros résumé e note de lecture por meio de sequências didáticas elaboradas para um curso de escrita acadêmica. Buscamos, ainda, verificar se os alunos desenvolvem capacidades de linguagem no trabalho com o gênero résumé que podem transferir para a produção do gênero note de lecture. Finalmente, visamos a investigar se há influência, nas produções dos alunos, da atuação do professor na aplicação das sequências didáticas. Propomo-nos, assim, a contribuir com os estudos realizados sobre o ensino de gêneros textuais e com os estudos realizados sobre o desenvolvimento da escrita acadêmica em língua francesa. Esta pesquisa fundamenta-se no Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD) tal como desenvolvido por Bronckart (1999, 2006, 2008) e por outros pesquisadores que fazem parte do mesmo quadro teórico (SCHNEUWLY e DOLZ, 2004; MACHADO, 2009) que se concentram na questão dos gêneros textuais no ensino-aprendizagem de línguas. Visando a alcançar nossos objetivos, elaboramos os modelos didáticos dos gêneros résumé e note de lecture, a partir da análise de 20 textos de cada gênero, e duas sequências didáticas para ensiná-los em um curso de escrita acadêmica intitulado Gêneros textuais acadêmicos: produção de textos orais e escritos em francês para participação no contexto universitário. As produções iniciais e finais de cada gênero, realizadas pelos alunos participantes do curso, foram analisadas segundo o modelo de análise de textos do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 1999) e através de uma comparação com seus respectivos modelos didáticos. Com nossas análises, observamos que ao trabalhar com os gêneros résumé e note de lecture em sala de aula, os alunos puderam desenvolver capacidades de linguagem necessárias para a produção desses gêneros e, além disso, verificamos que capacidades desenvolvidas através da sequência didática do résumé podem ser transferidas para a produção da note de lecture. Dessa forma, nossa pesquisa traz contribuições para os estudos sobre gêneros desenvolvidos no grupo ALTER-AGE-CNPq, para os estudos que vêm sendo realizados sobre a escrita acadêmica e para as pesquisas que têm sido desenvolvidas no âmbito do Laboratório de Letramento Acadêmico da FFLCH-USP. / This dissertations goal is to analyse the development of language capacities that are necessary to write the genres résumé and note de lecture through didactic sequences elaborated for a course of academic writing. We also intend to verify if the students develop language capacities when working with the genre résumé which could be transferred to the genre note de lecture. Lastly, we aim at investigating if the teachers application of didactic sequences influences the students written productions. We intend therefore to contribute with the research on genre teaching and on the development of academic writing in French. This research is based on the Socio-Discursive Interactionism (SDI) as developed by Bronckart (1999, 2006, 2008) and by other researchers from the same theoretical framework (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004; MACHADO, 2009) whose focus is the study of textual genres in the teaching and learning of languages. In order to achieve our goals, we elaborated the didactic models of the genres résumé and note de lecture based on 20 texts of each genre and two didactic sequences for the sake of teaching them in a course of academic writing entitled Academic textual genres: oral and written texts in French in an academic context. The first and last written productions of each genre done by the students enrolled in the course were analysed according to the model of textual analysis proposed by the Socio-Discursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999) and compared to their didactic models. We observed that the students could develop the language capacities that are necessary to write the genres résumé and note de lecture when working with these genres in the classroom. Moreover, we verified that the language capacities developed through the didactic sequence of the résumé could be transferred to the note de lecture. Consequently, our research brings contributions to the studies about genres developed by the group ALTER-AGE-CNPq to the studies about academic writing and to the studies that have been held under the Academic Literacy Laboratory at FFLCH-USP.

Depuis le début des années 2000, les quartiers de la périphérie de Dakar et notamment le Département de Pikine, constitué largement d’ensembles urbains informels, subissent des inondations à chaque saison des pluies. Les processus qui ont conduit à cette situation sont plutôt bien connus et associent le manque d’anticipation, les constructions en zone non ædificandi, intervenues en période sèche et l’arrêt de l’exploitation de l’aquifère sous-jacent, entre autres.Devant le manque d’empressement des pouvoirs publics pour apporter un soulagement aux populations inondées, vivant déjà dans la pauvreté et l’insalubrité, une vaste mobilisation d’organisations civiques est intervenue et tente d’apporter des solutions, parfois dans l’urgence, mais aussi de manière plus durable. C’est justement dans cette mobilisation que nous avons d’abord recherché la constitution de capacités adaptatives, que nous pourrions attribuer aux différentes communautés, vivant dans les quartiers inondés.Nous nous sommes d’abord intéressés aux propositions, issues de la littérature sur le changement climatique, pour nous rendre compte que de tels cadres analytiques statiques, ne pouvaient rendre compte, ni de la diversité d’actions mises en œuvre, ni de leur évolution dans le temps. L’enquête ethnographique et l’observation participante auprès des organisations civiques agissant sur le terrain, durant cinq ans environ, nous a permis de collecter les narratifs, articulant motifs, actions, valeurs et autres éléments culturels, ainsi que des savoirs de l’expérience, voire de constater leur évolution dans le temps.En nous appuyant sur la théorie des pratiques de Pierre Bourdieu, avec des éléments comme le capital social ou culturel, pas comme des concepts fermés, préétablis, mais tels qu’ils ressortaient du corpus de l’enquête de terrain (par exemple : entraide, contrôle social informel, inclusivité et gouvernance, en lien avec chaque organisation…), nous avons ainsi produit un cadre sociologique dynamique, rendant compte des observations empiriques et présentant des boucles de renforcement.Notre constat sur l’existence de « stocks » de capital social, limité à sa composante intra-communautaire, nous a incité à mettre en place un espace de discussion, d’échanges et de partage des expériences, dans le but de générer des synergies et permettant l’élargissement du capital social. Ceci a rencontré de nombreuses résistances, révélant un climat de méfiance, attribuée, selon les dires des participants, aux pratiques manipulatrices, tant d’organisations extérieures que des pouvoirs publics. En outre, nous avons pu montrer qu’à partir des caractéristiques ou discours des organisations, que certaines, dirigées par des notables et dépendantes du statu quo des équilibres de pouvoir, pouvaient être qualifiées de conservatrices, alors que d’autres (la minorité), plus portées vers l’innovation sociale, questionnaient ce statut quo, générant des controverses et des échanges houleux lors des réunions.Si l’action spontanée des communautés, visant à se prémunir des conséquences d’événements climatiques, est réelle et effective, elle participe aussi du processus de l’adaptation aux changements perçus, pas seulement de manière réactive, mais aussi comme recherche d’un mieux vivre. De même, l’expérience dans l’action, renforce les savoirs de l’expérience et pourrait contribuer à la résilience, mais toujours tronquée, tant que ce rôle n’est pas reconnu par les pouvoirs publics. / Since the beginning of the 2000s, the districts in the suburban of Dakar, particularly the sector of Pikine, which is largely made up of informal habitations, have been flooded every rainy season. The processes that led to this situation are rather well known and combine the lack of anticipation, construction in non-extended area, occurred in dry periods and the cessation of exploitation of the groundwater, among others.Facing the lack of the authorities to provide solution to the flooded populations, already living in poverty and insalubrity, a large mobilization of civic organizations has intervened and tries to provide solutions, sometimes in the emergency, but also in a more sustainable way. It is precisely in this mobilization that we first sought the constitution of adaptive capacities, that we could attribute to the different communities, living in the flooded districts.We first looked at the proposals from the literature on climate change to realize that such static analytical frameworks could not account for either the diversity of actions implemented or their evolution in time. The ethnographic survey and participant observation with civic organizations acting in the field, over approximately during five (5) years, allowed us to collect narratives, articulating motives, actions, values and other cultural elements, as well as knowledge of the experience, or even to see how they change over time.Based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of practice, with elements such as social capital or cultural capital, not as closed pre-established concepts, but as they emerged from the corpus of the field survey (eg. mutual support, informal social control, inclusivity and governance, in connection with each organization ...), we have thus produced a dynamic sociological framework, accounting for empirical observations and presenting reinforcement loops.Our observation on the existence of "stocks" of social capital, limited to its intra-community component, has prompted us to set up a space for discussion, exchange and sharing of experiences, with the aim of generating synergies and allowing the expansion of social capital. This has met with a great deal of resistance, revealing a climate of mistrust attributed, according to the participants, to manipulative practices by both outside organizations and public authorities. In addition, we have shown that from the characteristics or discourse of organizations, that some, led by notables and dependent on the status quo of the balance of power, could be qualified as conservative, while others (the minority), more inclined towards social innovation, questioned this status quo, generating controversy and heated exchanges during meetings.If the spontaneous action of the communities, aimed at protecting themselves from the consequences of climatic events, is real and effective, it also participates in the process of adaptation to perceived changes, not only reactively, but also as a search for a better life. Similarly, experience in action strengthens the knowledge of the experience and could contribute to resilience, but still truncated, as long as this role is not recognized by the public authorities.

CIZOJAZYČNÉ RESUMÉ/SUMMARY In this diploma thesis "Comparison of EU and US civilian capacities for the stabilization and reconstruction (the case of Afghanistan)" deals with the problematic of civilian capacities for stabilization and reconstruction missions on the case of the two main actors, the USA and the European Union. Under this objective I analyzed the institutional, functional and also financial aspects of these capacities as well as the dynamics of their development in time. The first chapter deals with the definition of the stabilization and reconstruction missions, it explains its general rules which are supposed to be fulfilled. These crosscutting principles (clearly defined goals, activities with long-acting impact, host nation ownership and capacity, reinforcement of local institutions, divide of the resources according to local needs, cooperation with other governments, donors, NGO's, private sector and universities, principle of flexibility, rule of accountability and transparency) were defined in order to be applied in the last chapter on the evaluation and analysis of the case of Afghanistan's stabilization and reconstruction missions. For the aim of the final comparison, the second and third chapters are dedicated to the EU and USA development of the civilian stabilization and...

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