Esta dissertação teve por objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem ligadas à escrita acadêmica em francês dos alunos da graduação em Letras (habilitação em língua francesa) ao longo de um semestre, por meio da análise de suas produções textuais. Para tal, tivemos como objetivos específicos a produção do modelo didático (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004) do gênero textual artigo científico em francês da área de estudos literários e, a partir dele, a elaboração de uma sequência didática (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004) visando a ensinar as características do gênero textual em questão para os alunos inscritos na disciplina de graduação Monografia. Com vistas a entender de que forma a atuação do professor, no momento da aplicação da sequência didática (SD), contribui para o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos, as aulas da SD foram filmadas e transcritas. Além disso, analisamos a influência dos comentários realizados pela professora-pesquisadora às primeiras versões dos artigos no desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos. Para desenvolver nossa pesquisa, adotamos o quadro teórico-metodológico do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD) (BRONCKART, 1999/2012, SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004 e MACHADO, 2009), que tem suas bases nos estudos de Vigotski (1998; 1997; 2010; 2011; 2013) sobre o desenvolvimento humano. Servimo-nos dos conceitos de instrumento e zona de desenvolvimento proximal (VIGOTSKI, 1997; 2010; 2011; 2013) para entender o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos; de modelo didático (DI PIETRO et al., 2004) e sequência didática (DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004) para realizar a didatização do gênero textual; de gestos didáticos (SCHNEUWLY, 2009) para compreender como se deu a atuação da professora na aplicação da sequência didática. Apoiamo-nos, igualmente, em alguns estudos ligados à escrita acadêmica e às dificuldades de escrita encontradas pelos universitários e pós-graduandos. Para tanto, usamos a noção proposta por Bazerman (2009; 2013) de que os gêneros textuais funcionam como frames para o desenvolvimento de tipos de pensamentos ligados às disciplinas; e, com base nas categorias de análise do ISD e nas pesquisas realizadas por Matencio (2003) e Pollet (2004) sobre as dificuldades de produção textual encontradas em textos de universitários e pós-graduandos quanto à inserção de vozes de outros autores, elaboramos as categorias de retextualização para realizar as análises dos textos produzidos pelos alunos. As produções dos alunos foram analisadas, primeiramente, de acordo com o modelo da arquitetura textual (BRONCKART, 1999/2012; 2006) para verificar se houve desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem e se ele poderia ser atribuído à sequência didática, à atuação da professora e/ou ao comentário da professora-pesquisadora. Em nossas análises, pudemos constatar que houve desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos ao longo do semestre, especialmente, das capacidades de ação e discursivas, sendo grande parte desse desenvolvimento ligado às atividades dos módulos da sequência didática, aos gestos didáticos regulação local e institucionalização usados pela professora ao aplicar a sequência didática e ao comentário da professora-pesquisadora. / This dissertations goal was to study the development of language capacities of Language Studies undergraduate students related to academic writing in French throughout a semester by analyzing their written works. To this end, our specific objective was to create a didactic model (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004) of the textual genre academic paper in French at the department of literature studies in order to elaborate a didactic sequence (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004) aiming at teaching the characteristics of that textual genre to the students enrolled in the course Monografia. Aiming at understanding how the teachers performance contributes to the development of the students language capacities when applying the didactic sequence (DS), the classes were recorded and transcribed. Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of the remarks given by the researcher-teacher to the first versions of the papers in the development of the students language capacities. In order to develop our research, we adopted the socio-discursive interactionism (SDI) theoretical and methodological framework (BRONCKART, 1999/2012, SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004 e MACHADO, 2009), which is rooted in Vigotskis (1998; 1997; 2010; 2011; 2013) studies on human development. We employed the concepts of instrument and zone of proximal development (VIGOTSKI, 1997; 2010; 2011; 2013) to understand the development of the students language capacities; of didactic model (DI PIETRO et al., 2004) and didactic sequence (DOLZ; NOVERRAZ; SCHNEUWLY, 2004) to accomplish the didactization of the textual genre; and of fundamental teaching gestures (SCHNEUWLY, 2009) to comprehend how the teachers performance in the application of the didactic sequence took place. We also rely on studies related to academic writing and writing difficulties experienced by undergraduate and graduate students. To do so, we used the idea proposed by Bazerman (2009; 2013) that the textual genres work as frames to develop the kinds of thoughts related to the courses; and based on the SDI analyses categories and on the research accomplished by Matencio (2003) e Pollet (2004) about the difficulties of writing experienced by undergraduate and graduate students regarding the insertion of other authors voices, we elaborated categories of retextualization to accomplish the analysis of the students texts. The students texts were first analyzed according to the textual architecture model (BRONCKART, 1999/2012; 2006) in order to verify if there was development of the language capacities and if it could be attributed to the didactic sequence, to the teachers performance and/or to the remarks given by the researcher-teacher. In our analysis we could observe the development of the students language capacities throughout the semester, specially of the action and discursive capacities, a great part of which connected to the didactic sequence activities, to the fundamental teaching gestures of local regulation and institutionalization used by the teacher when applying the didactic sequence and to the researcher-teacher remarks.

En Afrique subsaharienne (ASS), les élites locales sont les acteurs décisifs de l’émergence de l’économie locale. Elles doivent permettre la valorisation des ressources territoriales, la mise en place de règles du jeu, la constitution des entreprises et des acteurs. L’existence d’élites locales est en ce sens un facteur de réussite du DEL.Dans cette thèse, nous nous demandons quels sont les fonctions, les capacités et les comportements de ces élites du DEL, aussi diverses qu’elles puissent être. Nous avons réalisé une étude de cas sur le territoire de Foumban au Cameroun. Nous avons choisi d’utiliser une méthode qualitative passant par trois étapes : le développement d’un concept et de critères de repérage des élites du DEL, leur identification à Foumban et la conduite d’entretiens semi-directifs en face-à-face avec les élites identifiées.Nous expliquons dans cette thèse que le DEL en ASS est un processus qui repose sur les dynamiques d’une multitude d’élites locales, qui, à travers leurs actions et leurs interactions, construisent les capacités des territoires. Les élites du DEL sont des individus pluriels qui poursuivent leurs intérêts et qui usent de leur pouvoir. Elles réalisent un travail institutionnel et modifient les règles du jeu, intentionnellement ou non. Elles ne sont pas les dirigeants formels, mais sont certains acteurs qui sont fonctionnels, qui sont à l’origine du changement et qui permettent de révéler le potentiel du territoire.Elles exercent deux fonctions essentielles au DEL: l’activation, c’est-à-dire la mobilisation des parties prenantes, et l’expertise, c’est-à-dire l’identification de solutions pour valoriser les ressources territoriales.A Foumban, nous avons observé que les élites du DEL mettent en oeuvre des actions concrètes et s’appuient sur des capacités leur permettant de réussir à mettre en oeuvre leurs fonctions. Nous avons également remarqué d’importantes divergences d’opinions entre les élites, par exemple sur l’impact des communautés sur le développement local et sur le type d’approche du DEL à adopter : top-down ou bottom-up.Contrairement aux pratiques occidentales qui mettent en avant la coopération entre les acteurs, nous montrons que, dans un contexte de développement et de transition, la transformation du local en territoire passe par l’existence d’une biodiversité d’élites locales en compétition qui créent, modifient et sélectionnent les institutions au cours de vives négociations et de multiples confrontations. Les élites font alors avancer les débats essentiels. Toutes les idées sont négociables jusqu’à atteindre une situation stable.Nous avons également mis en lumière l’existence d’un consensus sur un sujet essentiel pour le DEL, l’importance des Très Petites Entreprises. Elles sont capables de réconcilier l’économie communautaire et l’économie commerciale. Ce consensus montre que, derrière leur diversité et leurs confrontations, les élites du DEL partagent certaines valeurs et qu’il existe une certaine conscience collective sur la stratégie gagnante. / In subsaharan Africa (SSA) the local elite is the key player of local economic emergence. The elite of LED must lead to the valorisation of territorial ressources, to the setting-up of the rules of the game, to the creation of local firms and local players. The existence of local elite is therefore a success factor of LED.In this thesis, we have investigated the functions, the capacities and the behaviours, opinions and practices of the various members of the local elite of LED. We have conducted a qualitative research with the case study in Foumban, Cameroon. Our methodology was organised in three main steps: development of a concept and of identification criterias of the elite of LED; identification of this elite in Foumban; face-to-face interviews with the elite.As we explain in this thesis, LED in SSA is a process that requires a variety of local elite who build the capacities of territories through its actions and interactions. The elite of LED is made by individuals, pursuing their own interests, and using their powers. They are doing an institutional work and they are changing the rules of the game intentionally or not. They are not the official players, but only those functional players able to unlock the territorial potential through two main actions: the activation, that aims at mobilizing stakeholders and the expertise, that aims at imagining solutions to generate the territorial ressources.In Foumban, we have observed that the elite of LED we identified is conducting concrete actions and in doing so relies on capacities to implemt its LED functions. We also have noticed strong differences among the opinions of the elite of LED, for example about the issue of the impact of communities on development, about the territory as a container or a recipient of resources, or about bottom-up vs. top-down LED approach.Unlike the Western approach of LED promoting the cooperation between the main stakeholders, we have highlighted that in a context of development and transition, the transformation of local level into a productive territory needs the intervention of a “biodiversity” of local elite in competition. Its multiple confrontations and difficult negotiations enable the creation, the change and the selection of performing institutions. The local elite of LED is debating about the future : all ideas can be expressed and are negotiable until a stable situation has been reached.In Foumban, we also have identified a consensus within the elite on a key issue: the importance of the Very Small Firms for local development. This consensus shows that behind differences and competitions, the local elite shares some values and that a certain collective awareness does exist about the winning strategy.

On étudie les propriétés de rigidité symplectique des difféomorphismes hamiltoniens en dimension finie et en dimension infinie. En dimension finie, les outils principaux qu'on utilise sont les fonctions génératrices et les capacités symplectiques. En dimension infinie on regarde les flots des équations en dérivées partielles (EDPs) hamiltoniennes et, en particulier, les flots qui peuvent être approchés uniformément par des flots hamiltoniens de dimension finie.Dans la première partie de la thèse on étudie les sélecteurs d'action définies à partir des fonctions génératrices et on construit des invariants hamiltoniens pour les sous-ensembles de $R^{2m}times T^*T^k$. Cela nous permet de démontrer un théorème non-squeezing coisotrope pour les difféomorphismes hamiltoniens à support compact de $R^{2n}$. On montre à continuation que cette propriété apparaisse dans certains cas non compacts. Finalement, on explique comment ce résultat donne aussi l'information sur le problème de rigidité symplectique en dimension intermédiaire. Encore en dimension finie, on démontre qu'on peut utiliser le théorème du chameau symplectique pour produire des sous-ensembles invariants compacts dans des surfaces d'energie.Dans la deuxième partie on étudie les propriétés de rigidité symplectique des flots des EDPs hamiltoniennes. On se place dans le contexte introduit par Kuksin et on étudie une classe particulière de EDPs semi-linéaires qui peuvent être approchées par flots hamiltoniens de dimension finie. D'abord on donne une nouvelle construction de capacité symplectique en dimension infinie à partir des capacités de Viterbo. Puis on démontre l'analogue de la rigidité intermédiaire pour certaines EDPs hamiltoniennes. Cette classe inclue l'équation d'ondes en dimension 1 avec une non-linéarité bornée, comme par exemple l'équation de Sine-Gordon. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse on s'intéresse à un analogue de la conjecture d'Arnold pour l'équation de Schrödinger périodique avec une non linéarité de convolution. / We study symplectic rigidity properties in both finite and infinite dimension. In finite dimension, the main tools that we use are generating functions and symplectic capacities. In infinite dimension we study flows of Hamiltonian partial differential equations (PDEs) and, in particular, flows which can be uniformly approximated by finite dimensional Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms.In the first part of this thesis we study the action selectors defined from generating functions and we build Hamiltonian invariants for subsets of $R^{2m}times T^*T^k$. This allows us to prove a coisotropic non-squeezing theorem for compactly supported Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of $R^{2n}$. We then extend this result to some non-compact settings. Finally we explain how this result can give information about the middle dimensional symplectic rigidity problem. Still in finite dimensions, we show that it is possible to use the symplectic camel theorem to create energy surfaces with compact invariant subsets.In the second part of the thesis we study symplectic rigidity properties of flows of Hamiltonian PDEs. We work in the context introduced by Kuksin and study a particular class of semi-linear Hamiltonian PDEs that can be approximated by finite dimensional Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. We first give a new construction of an infinite dimensional capacity using Viterbo's capacities. The main result of this part is the proof of the analogue of the middle dimensional rigidity for certain types of Hamiltonian PDEs. These include nonlinear string equations with bounded nonlinearity such as the Sine-Gordon equation. In the final part of this thesis we study an analogue of Arnold's conjecture for the periodic Schrödinger equations with a convolution nonlinearity.

Au regard de la littérature, il est bien identifié que l’obésité et le vieillissement altèrent les capacités de l’équilibre et de la marche des individus, altérations potentiellement associées à une plus grande difficulté à réaliser les activités de la vie quotidienne. Nous pouvons alors nous interroger sur les effets combinés du vieillissement et de l’obésité sur les capacités de l’équilibre et de la marche. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons, tout d’abord, montré que l’obésité présente une contrainte additionnelle sur les modifications des capacités de l’équilibre et de la marche liées au vieillissement, favorisant l’augmentation des limitations fonctionnelles chez une population âgée obèse. Ensuite, nous avons rapporté qu’un programme d’activités physiques adaptées basé sur des exercices d’équilibre, de renforcement musculaire et de motricité était une modalité de prise en charge efficace chez les personnes âgées obèses, permettant d’améliorer leurs capacités neuromusculaires au niveau des membres inférieurs, et par conséquent, leurs capacités d’équilibre et de la marche. / It is well recognized that obesity and aging impair individuals balance and walking abilities. These alterations are potentially associated with greater difficulty in performing activities of daily life. However, the magnitude of the effects on functional abilities of the combination of aging and obesity, as observed in obese elderly,requires further investigations. Through this thesis work, we, first of all, showed that obesity presents an additional constraint to age throughout the process of stabilization and walking in elderly. This aggravates the functional limitations in the obese elderly in activities of daily life. Then, we reported that an adapted physical activities program based on balance, muscular reinforcement and mobility exercices optimize balance and walking abilities of obese elderly in extreme situations likely by developing their neuromuscular capacities in the lower limbs.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18689号 / 工博第3967号 / 新制||工||1611(附属図書館) / 31622 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 椹木 哲夫, 教授 西脇 眞二, 教授 松原 厚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The main research question that this study intends to answer is: "What power relations between the parties of the labour market can be found in the contemporary discourse on a modernization of the labour law?". The purpose is to expose in what way an unequal power relationship be- tween employers and employees is maintained and reproduced through problem representation in policy documents, using discourse analysis applied to the referral statements from Svenskt Näringsliv (confederation of Swedish enterprise) and Landsorganisationen i Sverige - LO (the national unions organization in Sweden) to the government inquiry into a modernized labour law, and thus add arguments in the continued debate on labour law, and contribute puzzle pieces to the larger whole, whose purpose is to uncover hidden power relations that affect the Swedish labour market in general. The study is expected to concretize these power structures with the help of Steven Luke's theories from “Power: A Radical View” and through Carol Bacchi's anal- ysis tool "What's the problem represented to be" approach.The results show that the power relationship between Svenskt Näringsliv and LO is primarily characterized by a struggle for hegemony and over the members 'and the public's image of which values should weigh most heavily in the issue of labour law and the parties' roles in the labour market. The struggle for the hegemonic takeover and the influence over the members' preferences is more tangible than the power the parties possess and exercise towards each other.

No description available.

In Miranda v. Arizona (1966), the Supreme Court of the United States required that custodial arrestees be informed of their constitutional and continuous rights to silence and to legal counsel. Moreover, the ruling mandated that waivers be considered valid only if they were made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. However, in the decades that followed, evidence from both caselaw and empirical scholarship clarified that, for many vulnerable populations, these rights are in jeopardy. Among these vulnerable populations, those with limited cognitive capacities (LCCs) have been functionally excluded from research which primarily focused on persons with intellectual disabilities. This thesis offers a novel exploration of the role of specific cognitive impairments on Miranda comprehension and reasoning, with a focus on verbal intelligence (VIQ). Using a large archival sample of pretrial defendants (N = 820), current results suggest that defendants struggled with Miranda abilities regardless of other, individual characteristics. However, verbal intelligence emerged as a very strong predictor of Miranda comprehension such that those with lower VIQ were considerably more vulnerable to impaired comprehension. More so, data suggest that several compounded vulnerabilities (i.e., minoritized racial/ethnic identity status, limited academic achievement, illiteracy) are essential to understanding the extent of vulnerability in the criminal legal system in addition to the negative impacts of cognitive impairments. Several crucial implications for clinical practice and legal decision-making are explored. Finally, essential areas for future research are presented.

The context of this research is the coping and wellness of call centre agents in a characteristically high-stress work environment. The purpose of the study was to construct a psychological coping profile by investigating the relationship between individuals‘ wellness-related dispositional attributes and their resiliency-related behavioural capacities which has been under researched in a call centre work environment. A quantitative cross-sectional survey approach was followed. The population comprised predominantly of a non –probability sample of (N=409) predominantly early career permanently employed black females employed in call centres in Africa. Correlation and multivariate statistics highlighted cognitive (cynicism and hardy-control), affective (managing own emotions) and conative (hardy-commitment) behavioural elements that should be considered in the psychological coping profile of call centre agents. Age and gender were also shown to be significant moderators of the relationship between the wellness-related attributes and the resiliency-related capacities. The main findings are reported and interpreted in terms of an empirically derived psychological coping profile. The findings may provide valuable pointers for the design of wellness intervention practices which add to the body of knowledge concerned with employee wellness in call centres / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

A highly porous metal–organic framework Cu2(BBCDC) (BBCDC = 9,9′-([1,1′-[b with combining low line]iphenyl]-4,4′-diyl)[b with combining low line]is(9H-[c with combining low line]arbazole-3,6-[d with combining low line]i[c with combining low line]arboxylate) (DUT-49) with a specific surface area of 5476 m2 g−1, a pore volume of 2.91 cm3 g−1, a H2 excess uptake of 80 mg g−1 (77 K, 50 bar), a CO2 excess uptake of 2.01 g g−1 (298 K, 50 bar) and an exceptionally high excess methane storage capacity of 308 mg g−1 (298 K, 110 bar) was obtained using an extended tetratopic linker. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.