This project report accounts for my final MFA project Without End. I began a journey of creating my own system that in the end relied upon chance. The process was rewarding for me personally. In addition, I became intrigued with having the viewer be a part of my dialogue. Through this dialogue, it is my hope that the viewer will be able to come into my world and catch a glimpse of my every day. I hope that they have a paralleled experience to mine - one of aesthetic engagement and perpetual discovery within patterns and what they imply.

We describe Employees Provident Funds (EPF) Malaysia. We explain about Defined Contribution and Defined Benefit Pension Funds and examine their similarities and differences. We also briefly discuss and compare EPF schemes in four Commonwealth countries. A family of Stochastic Programming Models is developed for the Employees Provident Fund Malaysia. This is a family of ex-ante decision models whose main aim is to manage, that is, balance assets and liabilities. The decision models comprise Expected Value Linear Programming, Two Stage Stochastic Programming with recourse, Chance Constrained Programming and Integrated Chance Constraints Programming. For the last three decision models we use scenario generators which capture the uncertainties of asset returns, salary contributions and lump sum liabilities payments. These scenario generation models for Assets and liabilities were developed and calibrated using historical data. The resulting decisions are evaluated with in-sample analysis using typical risk adjusted performance measures. Out- of- sample testing is also carried out with a larger set of generated scenarios. The benefits of two stage stochastic programming over deterministic approaches on asset allocation as well as the amount of borrowing needed for each pre-specified growth dividend are demonstrated. The contributions of this thesis are i) an insightful overview of EPF ii) construction of scenarios for assets returns and liabilities with different values of growth dividend, that combine the Markov population model with the salary growth model and retirement payments iii) construction and analysis of generic ex-ante decision models taking into consideration uncertain asset returns and uncertain liabilities iv) testing and performance evaluation of these decisions in an ex-post setting.

Considered apart from the concrete; general; theoretical; hence, difficult; ideal. 2. A summary of epitome; a generality, in law, a compendium; in logic, an abstract idea or term; in grammer, an abstract noun, as virtue, goodness, etc.* / Department of Architecture

La chance est une notion hétérogène en droit administratif. Les manifestations de ses différentes acceptions sont en effet nombreuses tant le hasard, les probabilités et le risque auxquels la chance renvoie sont riches d’applications concrètes. Les effets de ceux-ci sont donc également, et sans surprise, très variés, de sorte que la perméabilité du droit administratif est à leur égard teintée de singularité selon qu’ils sont respectivement considérés comme bénéfiques ou néfastes. Ainsi, les probabilités sont l’illustration de ce que la chance peut être un outil utile au juge administratif dans le prononcé de ses jugements, tandis que le hasard et le risque renvoient tous deux à la survenance d’événements ou de phénomènes imprévisibles qui cherchent à être évités. Malgré toutes les subtilités déployées par la chance en droit administratif, celle-ci se révèle néanmoins comme une notion dont l’unité apparaît au stade de l’étude de sa fonction. La chance est alors une notion fonctionnelle qui a vocation à être de plus en plus employée par le juge administratif pour améliorer l’indemnisation délivrée aux administrés, tant d’un point de vue qualitatif que quantitatif. / Chance is an heterogeneous notion in administrative law. The manifestations of its different meanings are indeed quite abundant in the sense that the coincidences, the probabilities and the risk that chance refers to are full of tangible applications. Their effects are equally, and unsurprisingly, very varied which means that the permeability of administrative law towards them is quite unique, depending on whether they are considered to be beneficial or adverse. So, probabilities illustrate how chance can be a useful tool for the administrative judge when pronouncing a judgment, whereas coincidences and risk both reflect back on the occurrence of events or unpredictable phenomenons which one would aim to avoid. Inspite of all the subtleties deployed by chance in administrative law, it nevertheless seems to be a notion, the unity of which appears to be at the study stage of its function. Chance is then a functional notion, the vocation of which is to be used more and more often by the administrative judge in order to improve the compensation awarded to citizens both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view.

Depuis plusieurs années, la perte de chance suscite l’intérêt du juge administratif et de la doctrine publiciste. Le premier, qui en a largement développé le champ dans le contentieux de la responsabilité administrative, a fait évoluer la méthode de réparation de cet instrument en s’inspirant de l’exemple judiciaire. La seconde a tenté d’identifier les justifications de l’emploi de la perte de chance en s’appuyant sur l’incertitude du préjudice et sur celle du lien de causalité. Or l’analyse de la jurisprudence montre qu’en dépit de la pluralité des aléas justifiant l’usage de la perte de chance, celui-ci s’inscrit dans un cadre unique, caractérisé par une incertitude causale. La diversité apparaît ailleurs, au stade de l’indemnisation. Selon la méthode retenue – la logique du tout ou rien ou la réparation proportionnelle – la perte de chance change d’apparence. Prenant la forme tantôt d’une présomption de causalité, tantôt d’un préjudice spécifique, elle permet de surmonter l’incertitude causale de deux manières différentes. Les hésitations actuelles du juge administratif autour de l’indemnisation de la perte de chance témoignent de la difficulté à trancher entre l’une ou l’autre des deux possibilités de réparation et, partant, entre les deux outils qui y sont attachés. Toutefois, le type d’aléa sous-tendant l’emploi du mécanisme est en mesure de fournir une clé de répartition de ces deux modalités de réparation. / For several years, loss of chance has interested administrative judges and legal writing in public law. The former, who have widely developed its area in law of administrative liability, have changed the method of compensation of this instrument, by using the example of private law. The second has tried to identify the justifications of the use of loss of chance by using the uncertainty of prejudice and the one of causal relationship. But the analysis of jurisprudence shows that, despite the diversity of risks justifying the use of loss of chance, this is in keeping with a unique scope which is characterized by causal uncertainty. The variety is to be found elsewhere, at the stage of compensation. According to the selected method – the all or nothing approach or proportional compensation – the face of the loss of chance changes. It sometimes forms a presumption of causation, sometimes a prejudice, and so overcomes the causal uncertainty in two different ways. The current hesitations of administrative judges prove that it is difficult to choose between one or the other of two methods of compensation, and therefore, between the two instruments which are linked to them. However, the type of risks which underlies the use of mechanism can give a key to repartition of these two methods of compensation.

Der Zusammenhang zwischen den Begriffen "Chance" (odd) und "Wahrscheinlichkeit" (probability) und die Anwendung des Chancenverhältnisses (odds ratio) im Bereich der Biometrie und bei der logistischen Regression werden erläutert. Es wird auf mögliche Fehlinterpretationen der Begriffe Chance und Chancenverhältnis hingewiesen.

Dans la société cognitive, la connaissance devient un levier économique, où l’apprenant guide son projet d’apprentissage tout au long de sa vie. Apprendre à apprendre est une compétence centrale pour l’accès à une insertion socioprofessionnelle pérenne. Mais 140 000 jeunes français quittent chaque année le système scolaire sans diplôme, sans qualification. L’École Régionale de la Deuxième Chance propose une formation en alternance où la remise à niveau soutient l’insertion. Cette recherche (CIFRE) interroge l’activité de remise à niveau. L’étude longitudinale s’appuie sur 50 parcours d’apprenants, hier en difficulté scolaire, aujourd’hui stagiaires de la formation professionnelle. Nous analysons le lien entre représentations sociales de la remise à niveau et implications et interrogeons la dichotomie réalisée entre implication active ou passive. Les prises de position recueillies sont hétérogènes et révèlent les éléments représentationnels générateurs de formes spécifiques d’implication (d’être et d’agir à l’École). L’étude découvre l’autocensure que s’imposent les élèves. Ils s’enferment dans des rôles institutionnels, inspirés par leur passé scolaire : difficile passage de l’apprenant dépendant du professeur à l’apprenant co-construisant ses apprentissages. Ces non-dits interrogent aussi les conditions d’expression de l’implication. Les « réfractaires » à la remise à niveau disent deux choses : leur implication passive affichée dans un projet d’apprentissage subi, et leur implication active cachée dans ce que pourrait être ce projet. Ces différentes explicitations d’implication, chez un même individu, révèlent qu’il n’est pas pertinent de qualifier de passifs ces apprenants. / In the cognitive society, knowledge becomes an economic lift, where the learner manages his learning project throughout his life. Learning to learn is a central competence for the access to a perennial social and professional insertion. But every year 140,000 young French people leave the educational system without any diploma, without any qualification. The Regional School of Second Chance offers a training combining school courses and work experience in enterprises, development of academic knowledge being an active support for insertion. This research (CIFRE) is questioning about the activities of the scholastic knowledge. The longitudinal research is based on 50 learning courses for students who have faced learning difficulties in the past, and are today involved in a vocational training. We analyze the link between social representations of the academic learning and implications, and we question the dichotomy made between active and passive involvement. The students statements collected are heterogeneous and reveal specific forms of involvement (being and acting in school). The research shows that students submit themselves to a self-censorship. They lock themselves into institutional roles, inspired by their own school history : difficult transition from being a student dependent of his teacher, to a student co-constructing his learning process with his teacher. The students’ unsaid is as well raising questions about the conditions of the expression of their involvement. The “recalcitrant” students to the scholastic learning activities are expressing two things : their passive implication results from a project of training which they do not stick to, and their active implication is hidden in what could be their project. The various explanations of implication, for a same individual, reveal that it is not appropriate to call them passive learners.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-23T12:47:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Brunize Altamiranda Finger_.pdf: 1231234 bytes, checksum: 5863465b7d0df74824a26e837f64f964 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T12:47:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brunize Altamiranda Finger_.pdf: 1231234 bytes, checksum: 5863465b7d0df74824a26e837f64f964 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Nenhuma / A dissertação objetiva verificar se o Estado pode ser responsabilizado civilmente, e em que condições, pela perda da chance de cura ou de sobrevida das pacientes com câncer de mama que não tiveram acesso ao tratamento médico pelo SUS em até 60 dias após o diagnóstico – prazo legal fixado pela Lei 12.732/2012. Para tanto, utilizaram-se o método fenomenológico-hermenêutico e o método indutivo. A partir (i) de dados coletados no Integrador RHC sobre o intervalo de tempo entre diagnóstico e primeiro tratamento médico, (ii) de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre escassez de recursos financeiros e não-financeiros e (iii) de investigação sobre a trajetória peculiar do Estado Social brasileiro, concluiu-se que o Estado pode ser responsabilizado pela perda da chance de cura ou de sobrevivência. Defende-se a aplicabilidade da teoria da responsabilidade objetiva para esses casos. Contudo, antes de imputar essa responsabilidade, entende-se necessário avaliar três fatores: Universalidade do acesso ao tratamento contra o câncer de mama em até 60 dias, Tratamento contra o câncer de mama materialmente possível e Acessibilidade ao tratamento médico frente às barreiras geográficas. / The dissertation aims to verify if the State can be held civilly responsible, and under what conditions, for the loss of the chance of cure or survival of patients with breast cancer who did not have access to medical treatment by the SUS within 60 days after diagnosis - term established by Law 12.732/2012. For that, the phenomenological-hermeneutic method and the inductive method were used. From (i) data collected in the RHC Integrator about the time interval between diagnosis and first medical treatment, (ii) bibliographical research on the scarcity of financial and non-financial resources, and (iii) research on the peculiar trajectory of the Brazilian Welfare State, it was concluded that the State can be held liable for the loss of the chance of cure or survival. The applicability of the theory of objective liability to such cases is defended. However, before imputation of this responsibility, it is necessary to evaluate three factors: Universality of access to treatment against breast cancer in up to 60 days, Treatment against breast cancer materially possible and Accessibility to medical treatment against geographical barriers.

The main goal of the diploma thesis ?Analysis of the management leadership style and its impact on effectiveness of non-profit organization? is to analyse the methods of leadership and management, to characterize its manager?s style of the leadership and management, to suggest optimal system of the leadership and management and to judge their impact on the effectiveness of the performed activities and strategic aims I have chosen the local action group called civic association ?CHANCE IN NATURE ? Local action group? to be the object of this diploma thesis. This action group is located in South Bohemia. The thesis is divided in to three parts. In the first part I have focused to theoretical determination of the basic terms related to the setting of the diploma thesis. The second part discuses the characteristic of the chosen local action group. The last part is devoted to analysis of the leadership and the evaluation of received information and to verbalization of conclusion.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mac_dr_jabo.pdf: 607164 bytes, checksum: 1aa75d4066614bdfc4af7c52eab95123 (MD5) / Uems-Universidade Estadual Mato Grosso do Sul / Visando estabelecer normas para o DRIS e os valores de referência para avaliação do estado nutricional da cultura do algodão, um produto agrícola em franca expansão no território nacional e com significativa contribuição econômica no PIB brasileiro, o presente trabalho estudou lavouras comerciais de municípios do norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e centro-sul do estado de Mato Grosso, utilizando o método da chance matemática e a metodologia do DRIS para dados de monitoramento nutricional. O método da chance matemática, tendo como referência a produtividade de 4500 kg ha-1, retornou , em g kg-1, de 33-45; 2,8-5,3; 15-21; 20-36; 4,0-7,2 e 2,8-8,6 para N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, e em mg kg-1, de 53-83; 4-12; 110-440; 40-60 e 25-50 para B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. As faixas indicadas, embora similares às existentes, demonstram aperfeiçoamento para obtenção de altas produtividades. O N é o nutriente que pode ter problemas devido a adubação excessiva nas maioria das áreas, seguido do Mn e do K. Os maiores retornos, promovidos pela adubação, poderão ocorrer em função da aplicação de P e B. Com relação ao DRIS, o método proposto por Elwali & Gascho é menos sensível à forma de escolha da relação (r ou F) para o cálculo do IBN, e a relação escolhida para cálculo do DRIS pelo valor r não é recomendável, exceto quando a diferença entre os coeficientes de correlação, entre a relação direta e inversa, for estatisticamente significativa. Pelos métodos de cálculo das funções DRIS foram diagnosticados como prováveis limitações da cultura o Ca e o Mg, que normalmente são fornecidos via calagem, e também o S. / The cotton is an agricultural product in development for Brazil and has significant contribution for Brazilian economy. With the objective to establish DRIS norms and references values for nutritional status availability for cotton crop, this study used commercial areas in the north of the Mato Grosso do Sul state and center-south of the Mato Grosso state, applying the mathematical chance method and the DRIS for nutritional analysis data. The mathematical chance method calculated the cotton sufficiency range, in g kg-1, of 33-45; 2,8-5,3; 15-21; 20-36; 4,0-7,2 and 2,8-8,6 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, and in mg kg-1, of 53-83; 4-12; 110-440; 40-60 and 25-50 for B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. The range furnishing values that can not be obtained by conventional research in short time and the range obtained can be used in the Brazilians production systems. However, it is indicated that these values would be adjusted constantly for supplying the system specificity. For DRIS, the results indicated that the choice for nutrient ratio modify the data interpretation, but the nutritional balance index has correlation. The r value isn't recommended. The DRIS indicated limitation provable for Ca, Mg and S, but the Ca and S is furnished normality by liming.