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The aim of this study is to examine the use of famous historical or fictional persons in place branding. It seeks to analyze the images of places that are produced, and the representations of persons that are used in branding practices. Largely this use is located within a tourist discourse, begging the question how tourists take part in the shaping of these cities. In sum, the study aims to examine constructions of the past and the present, as well as representations of gender. The main question is which parts of the history of a city are described and which sites are highlighted. Four cases studies are presented. First, the uses of the heritage connected with author Selma Lagerlöf in and around Sunne are examined, in particular her former residence, Mårbacka, now musealized. Second, Uppsala's and Småland's uses of the Carl Linnaeus heritage are surveyed. Third, the uses of inventor Johan Petter Johansson in Enköping are studied, and fourth the tourist and heritage practices around fictional police detective Kurt Wallander in Ystad are examined. Taken at face value, these examples differ from each other in many ways. The aim of the dissertation is to track these differences, but also the likenesses in practices, meaning production and visualizations. In sum, the aim of this dissertation is to examine how the productions of meaning are influenced through the use of these individuals. How do visitors influence the production on these heritage sites? Is there room for change in descriptions of persons and places? How are ideas of authenticity produced when places are viewed through one individual? What ideas of gender and masculinity are produced?

The purpose of this study is to investigate the storytelling processes taking place in the network here called the Partnership, founded by three actors in Malmö, Sweden. The Partnership has its roots in WorldPride 2021 and aims to work with inclusion. The storytelling processes in question deal with the Partnership’s geographical position, history as well as attempts to form a common present and future. Our theoretical framework combines a new institutional approach towards organizations and their context with David M. Boje and Barbara Czarniawska’s theories on organizing through storytelling. The main theoretical concepts used in this study are Boje’s antenarrative and Tamaraland together with Czarniawska’s actor net. As for empirical approach, the study uses qualitative interviews to investigate the storytelling processes taking place in the Partnership as well as the organizational context around it. The results of the study show that the Partnership is actively working with storytelling as a legitimizing factor for the collaboration. However, the Partnership struggles with formulating antenarratives that will bring together their geographical position in the city, the lived stories of today and their aims for the future. The study’s results provide insights on the collective sensemaking dynamics that take place in network-based organization and how they can be used in city branding and urban governance contexts. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka de berättandeprocesserna som äger rum i ett specifikt nätverk som i vår studie kallas för Partnerskapet, grundat av tre aktörer i Malmö. Partnerskapet har sina rötter i WorldPride 2021 med syfte att arbeta med inkludering. Berättandeprocesserna i fråga handlar om Partnerskapets geografiska position, historia samt försök att forma en gemensam nutid och framtid. Vårt teoretiska ramverk utgår ifrån ett nyinstitutionellt synsätt på organisationer som kombineras med David M. Bojes och Barbara Czarniawskas teorier om organisering genom storytelling. De centrala teoretiska begreppen som används i denna studie är Bojes antenarrativ och Tamara-land tillsammans med Czarniawskas handlingsnät. Vad gäller studiens empiriska material har vi använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer för att undersöka berättandeprocesserna som pågår i Partnerskapet och dess organisatoriska omvärld. Studiens resultat visar att Partnerskapet arbetar aktivt med storytelling som en legitimerande faktor för samarbetet. Partnerskapet brottas däremot med att formulera antenarrativ som kan föra samman deras geografiska position i staden med de levda berättelserna i nutid och deras avsikter inför framtiden. Studiens resultat bidrar till förståelse kring de kollektiva meningsskapande dynamikerna som tar plats i organisering genom nätverk och hur dessa kan användas i city branding och urban governance sammanhang.

Cities, regions, nations and other places have in recent decades become active participants in the global competitive economy, and now operate in a global marketplace, competing with other places all over the world for investors, tourists, residents and workforce. As a result, places use marketing and branding strategies and practices to gain reputation and competitive advantage. Chinese cities have, over the past decades, increasingly engaged in branding activities, and even taken the role of spearheads for China in its positioning in the global economy, seen for example in the organization of mega-events. The branding of Chinese cities nevertheless exhibits some differences compared with city branding in the West. The aim of this dissertation is to contribute to our knowledge of the internal-political aspects of place branding, using field studies of the imagery used in city branding practices in five Chinese mega-cities, namely Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Chongqing. The focus is on the images and language used in the cities’ branding, and on key political aspects involved in the branding of Chinese mega-cities. The theoretical lens incorporates concepts tied to images, language, imaginaries, ideology and power, and the study relies on an ethnographic, multiple case study approach, including longitudinal fieldwork in China. The findings consist of rich illustrations of the branding of the five Chinese mega-cities, and include an analysis of similar imagery found in all five cities, grouped into economic, international, cultural, social and environmental imaginaries. This shows that city branding in Chinese mega-cities is focused on creating international and competitive cities, while also paying attention to the environment, culture and internal target groups such as residents. A central contribution of this dissertation is the development of the concept ‘imagineering’, used in this study to conceptualize key political aspects of city branding in Chinese mega-cities. Imagineering contains three main elements, namely local adaptations of national directives, policies, plans and concepts; a strong future orientation while also accentuating selected elements from the past; and a focus on local populations with the creation of stability and harmony as a central goal. Imagineering is also conceptualized as a policy instrument exercised by a powerful élite, closely intertwined with urban governance, and used to influence people, values, places and, ultimately, city futures.

Dans une perspective strictement structurale, cherchant à étendre et généraliser le calque linguistique à la majorité des champs épistémologiques, une nouvelle science –la sémiologie– est née. Considérant les conventions et systèmes langagiers circulant dans la vie sociale des signes, ladite science n’a pas hésité à comparer les systèmes sémiotiques-forme architecturale et paysage de la ville à des structures discursives ou encore des « textes ». L’intégration du système de signes-forme architecturale dans le paysage de la ville se définit conséquemment comme une « dialogie » entre lesdits systèmes sémiotiques, une « intertextualité » s’effectuant sur la base de codes variés, enchevêtrés. En se basant sur les fondements peirciens du signe, nous proposons (selon une méthodologie décompositive desdits systèmes de signes) d’élucider le sens de cette dialogie dans les stratégies contemporaines du « Branding urbain » où ladite « intertextualité » se transforme en « interimagibilité » (ou « intericonicité ») prenant la ville de Toronto et l’extension du musée royal de l’Ontario (ROM) un corpus remarquable manifestant ladite métamorphose. / In a structural perspective, looking to extend the loan translation to the epistemological fields, semiology was born. Considering conventions and linguistic system of the social life as «signs», both architectural form and cityscape were compared to «discursive structures» or «texts». Consequently, the integration of the architectural form in the cityscape will be defined as a «dialogy» based on entangled codes. With the reference to the peircien’s conception of the sign, we suggest, through a decompositive methodology, to find the meaning of this «dialogy» in the actual strategy of «city Branding» where «intertextuality» is being converted «interimagibility» (or «intericonicity») taking the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) as corpus of this remarquable metamorphosis.

Magistro darbe formuluojamos miesto prekės ženklui skirtos literatūros problemos, susietos su pamatinių modelių galimiems ateities tyrimams nepakankamumu ir nekonkretumu. Remiantis iškeltais uždaviniais suformuluotos miesto prekės ženklo teorinės sampratos bei išskirti esminiai jo elementai. Išanalizuotos pagrindinės galimos ženklodaros strategijų grupės bei pasiūlytas konstrukcinis modelis tinkamas Šiaulių miesto prekės ženklo įvaizdžio analizei. Atlikus tyrimą pateiktos išvados bei rekomendacijos sėkmingam miesto prekės ženklo įvaizdžio vystymui. Iš dalies patvirtinama autoriaus iškelta hipotezė, jog Šiaulių miestas nepakankamai dėmesio skiria savo įvaizdžio kūrimui, taigi vartotojų mintyse jis suvokiamas kaip blankus ir paremtas labiau negatyviomis asociacijomis. / Master‘s final paper formulates problems associated with literature of city brand. Such as lack of main elements of brand structure and none of suitable tools created for experiments in future. Theoretical aspects of city brand and city branding are revealed according to tasks of the research. Three main strategies for city branding are purified. At the same time tool for measuring image of Siauliai city was constructed. Conclusions and recommendations for city‘s image development are offered. Hypothesis, that city does not pay enough attention to the city‘s image is partly confirmed.

The concept of branding has been developed mainly in the perspectives of product and corporate. Nowadays, there is an emerging trend and attention to be made on the concept of branding cites. As thought from the perspective of product, the promotion of city has been considered mainly from tourism point of view. Nevertheless, there is increasing number of researchers have started to consider the city branding more broadly and from the perspective of corporate branding. Furthermore, since the importance of communication, especially among different stakeholders, has been emphasized in corporate branding literatures, few literatures in city branding have started to mention the linkage between corporate branding and city branding in this aspect. This paper is then focused on the stakeholder communication strategies in both corporate and city branding, with the identification of major stakeholder in city branding: the local residents/service providers. Then potential stakeholder communication strategies for city branding are developed from the corporate branding literatures and discussed with primary research results from the Design District Helsinki project. In addition, possible application to Taipei City is also discussed.

Dans une perspective strictement structurale, cherchant à étendre et généraliser le calque linguistique à la majorité des champs épistémologiques, une nouvelle science –la sémiologie– est née. Considérant les conventions et systèmes langagiers circulant dans la vie sociale des signes, ladite science n’a pas hésité à comparer les systèmes sémiotiques-forme architecturale et paysage de la ville à des structures discursives ou encore des « textes ». L’intégration du système de signes-forme architecturale dans le paysage de la ville se définit conséquemment comme une « dialogie » entre lesdits systèmes sémiotiques, une « intertextualité » s’effectuant sur la base de codes variés, enchevêtrés. En se basant sur les fondements peirciens du signe, nous proposons (selon une méthodologie décompositive desdits systèmes de signes) d’élucider le sens de cette dialogie dans les stratégies contemporaines du « Branding urbain » où ladite « intertextualité » se transforme en « interimagibilité » (ou « intericonicité ») prenant la ville de Toronto et l’extension du musée royal de l’Ontario (ROM) un corpus remarquable manifestant ladite métamorphose. / In a structural perspective, looking to extend the loan translation to the epistemological fields, semiology was born. Considering conventions and linguistic system of the social life as «signs», both architectural form and cityscape were compared to «discursive structures» or «texts». Consequently, the integration of the architectural form in the cityscape will be defined as a «dialogy» based on entangled codes. With the reference to the peircien’s conception of the sign, we suggest, through a decompositive methodology, to find the meaning of this «dialogy» in the actual strategy of «city Branding» where «intertextuality» is being converted «interimagibility» (or «intericonicity») taking the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) as corpus of this remarquable metamorphosis.

In this research, the “Smart City-edifice” of Lisbon has been examined through qualitative field work carried out in the city. The concept of the Smart City- edifice has been designed by the author in an attempt to grasp the ambiguous Smart City ambition as an assemblage of (i) specific techniques incorporated into the urban environment (ii) the modes of governance which these techniques allow for, particularly real time data collection & (iii) issues of city branding, placemaking and urban, Smart regeneration. The highlighted empirical material has been produced in collaboration with interlocutors from three different projects, and relate to the three different facets of the Smart Cityedifice: A developer of a gamification scheme (e-governance), a sustainable neighbourhood project (Tech-driven sustainability and governance/civic participation) and lastly a creative hub (branding, creativity & regeneration). These facets are being examined in the context of Lisbon, a city which has gone through a re-formulation of urban agendas in the capitalist restructuring of the economy in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis. The post-crisis strategy in Lisbon is interpreted as a sort of “attraction hysteria” (Anttiroiko, 2014), as much effort has been placed on attracting global capital and tourism, incentivised not least by a liberalized, profitable housing market. This attraction hysteria is understood by the author as producing specific implications for the development of the Smart Cityedifice. Main findings include the hinderances that said politics have produced for ambitions of civic participation and other democratic visions of the Smart City. These findings are understood in the light of the Lefebvrian framework of the “right to the city” and critical understandings of the touristified city. The field work itself has been guided by two key research questions, these being: a) How are Smart City narratives being operationalized locally by actors in Lisbon? B) What possible tensions could arise between Smart aims of global urban competitiveness and aims of civic participation, in the context of Lisbon?