Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-12T18:29:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDNA GOMES DA SILVA – TESE (PPGEP) 2016.pdf: 5406028 bytes, checksum: f01a907e44b485aba5813ac32c84fd35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-12T18:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDNA GOMES DA SILVA – TESE (PPGEP) 2016.pdf: 5406028 bytes, checksum: f01a907e44b485aba5813ac32c84fd35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar teórico e experimentalmente a secagem combinada (convectiva e micro-ondas) de sólidos esferoidais prolatos. Um modelo matemático bidimensional transiente em coordenadas esferoidais prolatas foi desenvolvido para predizer a transferência de calor e massa e simular a distribuição do teor de umidade e da temperatura no interior do sólido, considerando condição de contorno convectiva na superfície, termo de geração de calor por onda eletromagnética e ao longo do processo, propriedades termo físicas e volume constantes. O método dos volumes finitos foi utilizado para a solução numérica das equações governantes, usando uma malha regular. Para validação da metodologia teórica foram realizados experimentos de secagem por micro-ondas com grãos de arroz em casca in natura (variedade BRSMG Conai) para três níveis de potências absorvidas: 0,192; 0,491 e 0,694 W. Resultados do efeito da razão de aspecto do sólido, números de Biot de transferência de massa e de calor, densidade de potência e fator de atenuação da onda eletromagnética sobre a cinética de secagem e aquecimento, e distribuições de temperatura e teor de umidade no interior do sólido são apresentados e analisados. A comparação entre os dados teóricos e experimentais do teor de umidade e da temperatura dos grãos de arroz em casca resultou num bom ajuste e possibilitou a estimativa dos coeficientes de difusão de massa e de transferência de massa e calor convectivos. Verificou-se que, o aumento na potência absorvida proporcionou menor tempo de secagem e maior temperatura superficial do grão de arroz, e que os coeficientes de transporte de calor e de massa preditos tendem a aumentar com o aumento da potência aplicada. / This work aims to study theoretical and experimentally the combined drying (convective and microwave) of prolate spheroidal solids. A transient two-dimensional mathematical model in prolate spheroidal coordinates it was developed to predict the heat and mass transfer and simulate the moisture content and temperature distributions inside the solid considering convective boundary condition at the surface, microwave heat generation term, thermo physical properties and volume constants. The finite volume method was used for the numerical solution of the governing equations, using a regular grid. To validate the theoretical methodology microwave drying experiments were carried out with rice grains in fresh bark (variety BRSMG Conai) in three levels of absorbed power: 0.192; 0.491 and 0.694 W. Results of the effect of the solid aspect ratio, Biot numbers of mass and heat transfer, power density and attenuation factor of the electromagnetic wave on the drying and heating kinetics, and temperature and moisture content distributions within the solid are presented and analyzed. The comparison between theoretical and experimental data of moisture content and temperature of the rice grain resulted in a good fit and estimative at the mass diffusion coefficient and convective heat and mass transfer coefficients. It was found that the increase in absorbed power provided shorter drying time and higher surface temperature of the rice grain , and that the predicted heat and mass transport coefficients tend to increase with increased power applied.

Articulated Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) are more efficient than conventional rigid lorries, but exhibit reduced low-speed manoeuvrability and high-speed stability. Technologies such as autonomous reversing and path-following trailer steering can mitigate this, but practical limitations of the available sensing technologies restrict their commercialisation potential. This dissertation describes the development of practical vision-based articulation angle and trailer off-tracking sensing for HGVs. Chapter 1 provides a background and literature review, covering important vehicle technologies, existing commercial and experimental sensors for articulation angle and off-tracking measurement, and relevant vision-based technologies. This is followed by an introduction to pertinent computer vision theory and terminology in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 describes the development and simulation-based assessment of an articulation angle sensing concept. It utilises a rear-facing camera mounted behind the truck or tractor, and one of two proposed image processing methods: template-matching and Parallel Tracking and Mapping (PTAM). The PTAM-based method was shown to be the more accurate and versatile method in full-scale vehicle tests. RMS measurement errors of 0.4-1.6° were observed in tests on a tractor semi-trailer (Chapter 4), and 0.8-2.4° in tests on a Nordic combination with two articulation points (Chapter 5). The system requires no truck-trailer communication links or artificial markers, and is compatible with multiple trailer shapes, but was found to have increasing errors at higher articulation angles. Chapter 6 describes the development and simulation-based assessment of a trailer off-tracking sensing concept, which utilises a trailer-mounted stereo camera pair and visual odometry. The concept was evaluated in full-scale tests on a tractor semi-trailer combination in which camera location and stereo baseline were varied, presented in Chapter 7. RMS measurement errors of 0.11-0.13 m were obtained in some tests, but a sensitivity to camera alignment was discovered in others which negatively affected results. A very stiff stereo camera mount with a sub-0.5 m baseline is suggested for future experiments. A summary of the main conclusions, a review of the objectives, and recommendations for future work are given in Chapter 8. Recommendations include further refinement of both sensors, an investigation into lighting sensitivity, and alternative applications of the sensors.

Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia anti-isquêmica e efeito metabólico da trimetazidina em pacientes com angina refratária e diabete melito (DM) tipo 2, em uso de pelo menos duas medicações de efeito hemodinâmico, sem condições de revascularização. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, cruzado, duplo-cego, conduzido em 10 pacientes com DM tipo 2 e angina estável, em tratamento com pelo menos 2 anti-anginosos clássicos. Pacientes foram randomizados para receber trimetazidina (20 mg 3 vezes ao dia) ou placebo, por períodos de 6 semanas. Avaliação clínica, laboratorial, ergométrica e monitorização de pressão arterial (MAPA) e Holter de 24 horas foram realizadas no início do estudo e ao término de 6 semanas de cada intervenção. Resultados: Os pacientes em tratamento com trimetazidina apresentaram melhora significativa na classe funcional da angina (p<0,05), com diminuição significativa no número de episódios de crise anginosa por semana e na dose de nitrato sub-lingual utilizada (p<0,05). O tempo de início da isquemia no teste ergométrico foi maior após o uso da trimetazidina (229 ± 126 s no basal, 276 ± 101 s após o placebo e 348 ± 145 s após a trimetazidina; p<0,05). Não houve diferença nos níveis de pressão arterial, freqüência cardíaca e duplo-produto nas 24h, avaliadas concomitantemente com Holter e MAPA, ou no controle glicêmico e lipídico entre as intervenções. Conclusões: O uso da trimetazidina mostrou-se eficaz como tratamento coadjuvante da angina estável de difícil manejo em pacientes com DM tipo 2 em uso de múltiplos anti-anginosos, sem alteração de variáveis hemodinâmicas avaliadas nas 24 h. Estes dados ampliam o espectro de emprego da trimetazidina no manejo de pacientes sintomáticos e com limitadas opções de tratamento. / Aims: To evaluate the anti-ischemic and metabolic effect of trimetazidine in patients with refractory angina and type 2 diabetes (DM2) not eligible for revascularization and using at least two hemodynamic agents. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial conducted in 10 patients. Patients were randomized to receive trimetazidine (20 mg 3 times a day) or placebo for 6-week periods. Clinical and exercise evaluations, in addition to 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and Holter monitoring were carried out at baseline and at the end of each 6-week intervention period. Results: The patients receiving trimetazidine presented significant improvement in terms of angina functional class (p<0.05), with decrease in the number of weekly angina episodes at rest and in the sublingual nitrate dose (p<0.05). Time to 1 mm ST-segment depression was increased after trimetazidine use (229.2 ± 126.1 s at baseline, 276.3 ± 100.9 s after placebo and 347.5 ± 144.6 s after trimetazidine; p<0.001). No differences were observed between treatments group in terms of 24h-blood pressure, heart rate and ratepressure product as evaluated concomitantly with ambulatory blood pressure and Holter monitoring, or in terms of glycemic and lipid profile. Conclusions: The combined use of trimetazidine and haemodynamic agents was efficient to treat stable refractory angina in DM2 patients, significantly improving clinical and exercise parameters. The present data support the use of trimetazidine in the management of symptomatic patients with limited treatment options.

Submitted by Michelle Chan (michellechan@bancobbm.com.br) on 2010-05-30T23:53:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_MichelleChan.pdf: 348582 bytes, checksum: a78d92ef3ddcf4c0fd546de43352a06d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza(vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2010-05-31T13:33:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_MichelleChan.pdf: 348582 bytes, checksum: a78d92ef3ddcf4c0fd546de43352a06d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-06-01T19:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_MichelleChan.pdf: 348582 bytes, checksum: a78d92ef3ddcf4c0fd546de43352a06d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-16 / The central purpose of this essay is to analyze the important variables of the inflation for the central bank’s monetary decision. Having in mind the importance of forward looking reaction of the monetary authorities in an inflation targeting regime, we study some short term inflation forecast models in order to find out which one has the most accurate prediction. In order to understand the brazilian inflacionary dinamics in these last years since the introduction of the inflation targeting regime, we analyse the dinamics of the inflation inercia and the passthrough. / O objetivo dessa dissertação é analisar as variáveis importantes da inflação para a decisão de política econômica do Banco Central. Considerando a importância de reações forward looking das autoridades monetárias num regime de metas de inflação, estudam-se alguns modelos de projeção de inflação de curto prazo para verificar qual modelo possui maior capacidade de previsão. Com o objetivo de entender a dinâmica inflacionária brasileira ao longo desses anos desde a implementação do sistema de metas de inflação, procura-se analisar a dinâmica da inércia inflacionária e do repasse cambial.

Introdução: As polimixinas são consideradas as opções terapêuticas de resgate para o tratamento das infecções de corrente sanguínea (ICS) por bacilos Gram-negativos (BGN) com resistência aos carbapenens (CR) e a combinação com outro antimicrobiano tem sido utilizada apesar da falta de evidência clínica para esta prática. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso de polimixina B intravenosa em monoterapia e em combinação com outro antimicrobiano para ICS por BGN CR. Pacientes e Métodos: Foi um estudo de coorte retrospectivo em um hospital terciário, incluindo 99 pacientes. A comparação dos tipos terapias foi através do propensity score. Resultados: A mortalidade global em 30 dias foi de 43,4%: 40,7% (24 de 59) e 47,5% (19 de 40), p=0,51, em pacientes que receberam combinação e monoterapia, respectivamente. A sepse grave/choque séptico no dia da ICS, alta pontuação do escore de bacteremia de Pitt e a presença de neoplasia como doença de base foram, independentemente, associados a maior mortalidade em 30 dias no modelo de regressão de Cox. A terapia combinada não foi significativamente associada a este resultado (hazard ratio, 0,70; intervalo de confiança de 95%, 0,36-1,36); p=0,29). Apesar de não ser significativa, houve uma tendência a um efeito benéfico da associação em pacientes com ICS por BGN CR da família Enterobacteriaceae. Não houve diferença no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal aguda em pacientes que receberam terapia de combinação comparado com os que receberam monoterapia. Conclusão: Não houve diferença na mortalidade em 30 dias em pacientes com ICS por BGN CR tratados com polimixina B em combinação com outro antimicrobiano ou em monoterapia. A prática rotineira de combinar um segundo antibiótico em esquemas baseados em polimixinas, especialmente, se a bactéria apresenta resistência in vitro ao carbapenem, ainda necessita estudos clínicos adicionais. / Background: Polymyxins are usually the last resort therapy for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR GNB) bloodstream infections (BSIs), combination with another antimicrobial has been used despite the lack of clinical evidence supporting such practice. Objetive: We aimed to assess the use of intravenous polymyxin B in combination with another antimicrobial in comparison with polymyxin B as a single drug for CR GNB BSIs, adjusting for a propensity score for indication of combination therapy. Patient and methods: We compared combination versus monotherapy with polymyxin B for CR GNB BSIs, adjusting for a propensity score for indication of combination therapy. It was a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-hospital including 99 patients. Results: The overall 30-day mortality was 43.4%: 40.7% (24 of 59) and 47.5% (19 of 40), P=0.51, in patients receiving combination and monotherapy, respectively. Severe sepsis/ septic shock at BSI onset higher Pitt bacteremia score and neoplasia were independently associated with higher 30-day mortality in a Cox-regression model. Combination therapy was not significantly associated with this outcome (Hazard Ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-1.36); P=0.29). Although not significant, there was a tendency to a beneficial effect of combination in patients with Enterobacteriaceae CR GNB BSIs. There was no difference in development of AKI in patients receiving combination therapy compared to those receiving monotherapy. Conclusions: There was no difference in 30-day mortality in patients with CR GNB BSIs treated with polymyxin B in combination with another antimicrobial compared with polymyxin B alone. The routine practice of combining a second antibiotic in polymyxins-based regimes, especially if the bacteria present in vitro resistance to the agent, still lacks support from clinical studies.

The study sought to examine the challenges experienced by teachers of multi-grade classes. Multi-grade teaching has become one of the priority topics in the Teaching profession agenda. The reason for bringing this issue onboard is the recognition that multi-grade teaching has a potential to improve quality of teaching. This study therefore seeks to identify the challenges experienced by teachers of multi-grade classes. A qualitative research was conducted in Nzhelele East Circuit. Six schools with multi-grade classes were purposively sampled. Data were collected through individual interviews with five teachers of multi-grade classes and six principals of the sampled schools and focus group interviews were conducted with three groups constituted of 3 teachers each from the 3 identified schools. Data were also collected through lesson observations. Data were categorised according to themes and then analysed inductively. The study revealed that multi-grade teachers experience a number of challenges. The study thus, recommends that the Department of Education should strengthen continued professional teacher development (CPTD) in teaching in multi-grade context. CPTD should also be extended to professionals like curriculum advisors to re-skill them on their advisory roles. The Department of Education should also ensure that the number of grades in multi-grade classes should not exceed two. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T12:26:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 2.pdf: 3729000 bytes, checksum: 78661b59dc7c742033ca6ce5a153cc47 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / O crescimento do número de casos de tuberculose no Brasil fez com que o Governo Federal desenvolvesse uma política nacional de controle da tuberculose que possibilitasse melhorar e prolongar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos infectados. Esta política inclui, entre várias outras iniciativas, o aumento na adesão de pacientes com um tratamento terapêutico adequado utilizando Formulações de Doses Fixas Combinadas (FDC), contendo os fármacos aos quais o bacilo de Koch é mais sensível. Um dos pontos críticos para o desenvolvimento de tuberculostáticos é o desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas para seu controle que sejam viáveis, eficazes e robustas, uma vez que a rifampicina um dos insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFAs) da associação apresenta características peculiares como a sua baixa estabilidade em solução, o que pode levar à formação de muitos produtos de degradação. O presente estudo tem por objetivo otimizar e validar uma metodologia analítica que seja adequada à rotina de um laboratório de controle de qualidade para a determinação dos fármacos isoniazida e rifampicina (ambos IFAs da formulação) e suas substâncias relacionadas, associados em comprimidos de dose fixa combinada para serem utilizados no tratamento dos casos da tuberculose e serem distribuídos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Para tanto, foi otimizada e validada uma metodologia analítica utilizando a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) capaz de determinar não só o teor dos insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFAs) presentes na formulação, mas também de quantificar as suas substâncias relacionadas. Um estudo de estabilidade de longa e acelerada durações também foi conduzido e a metodologia analítica otimizada e validada foi usada para avaliação dos comprimidos, mostrando sua capacidade de detectar o esperado decaimento do teor dos IFAs e o aumento no teor de suas substâncias relacionadas. Posteriormente, houve a transferência do método para a técnica de cromatografia líquida de ultraeficiência (CLUE), visando uma análise cromatográfica em tempo mais curto e uma maior sensibilidade do método. Essa metodologia utilizando a técnica de CLUE também foi validada. / As the number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Brazil is rising, the brazilian Government implemented a national policy for TB control that would enable to improve and endure the quality of life in infected individuals. This policy includes, among many actions, the increase of the patient’s adhesion by a therapeutic treatment using suitable formulations of Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) including drugs to which M. tuberculosis is more sensitive. One critical point for FDC formulation development is the establishment of viable, effective and robust analytical methods for its quality control, since rifampicin – one of the formulation’s active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) – has particular characteristics such as its low stability in aqueous solution, which can lead to formation of many degradation products. This study aims to optimize and validate an analytical methodology for the determination of isoniazid and rifampicin (both APIs in the formulation) and their related substances en tablets with fixed dose. This medicines will be distributed by the national health system for the treatment of tuberculosis patients. Therefore, an analytical method was optimized and validated using the technique of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that can evaluate not only the dosage of APIs in the formulation, but also to determine their related substances. A stability study of accelerated and long durations was also conducted and the optimized analytical method was used to evaluate the tablet, showing its ability to detect the expected reduction of API dosage and the increase in the amount of its related products. Later, an upgrade of the optimized and validated method to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was succefully performed, with the reduced chromatographic analysis time and increased sensitivity. This UPLC methodology has also been validated.

La navigation par satellite, Global Navigation Satellite System, a été reconnue comme une solution prometteuse afin de fournir des services de navigation aux utilisateurs de l'Aviation Civile. Ces dernières années, le GNSS est devenu l'un des moyens de navigation de référence, son principal avantage étant sa couverture mondiale. Cette tendance globale est visible à bord des avions civils puisqu'une majorité d'entre eux est désormais équipée de récepteurs GNSS. Cependant, les exigences de l'Aviation Civile sont suffisamment rigoureuses et contraignantes en termes de précision de continuité, de disponibilité et d'intégrité pour que les récepteurs GPS seuls ne puissent être utilisés comme unique moyen de navigation. Cette réalité a mené à la définition de plusieurs architectures visant à augmenter les constellations GNSS. Nous pouvons distinguer les SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation Systems), les GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation Systems), et les ABAS (Aircraft Based Augmentation Systems). Cette thèse étudie le comportement de l'erreur de position en sortie d'architectures de récepteur qui ont été identifiées comme étant très prometteuses pour les applications liées à l'Aviation Civile. / Since many years, civil aviation has identified GNSS as an attractive mean to provide navigation services for every phase of flight due to its wide coverage area. However, to do so, GNSS has to meet relevant requirements in terms of accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity. To achieve this performance, augmentation systems have been developed to correct the GNSS signals and to monitor the quality of the received Signal-In-Space (SIS). We can distinguish GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation Systems), ABAS (Airborne Based Augmentation Systems) SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation Systems). In this context, the aim of this study is to characterize and evaluate the GNSS position error of various positioning solutions which may fulfil applicable civil aviation requirements for GNSS approaches. In particular, this study focuses on two particular solutions which are: • Combined GPS/GALILEO receivers augmented by RAIM where RAIM is a type of ABAS augmentation. This solution is a candidate to provide a mean to conduct approaches with vertical guidance (APV I, APV II and LPV 200). • GPS L1 C/A receivers augmented by GBAS. This solution should allow to conduct precision approaches down to CAT II/III, thus providing an alternative to classical radio navigation solutions such as ILS. This study deals with the characterization of the statistics of the position error at the output of these GNSS receivers. It is organised as following. First a review of civil aviation requirements is presented. Then, the different GNSS signals structure and the associated signal processing selected are described. We only considered GPS and GALILEO constellations and concentrated on signals suitable for civil aviation receivers. The next section details the GNSS measurement models used to model the measurements made by civil aviation receivers using the previous GNSS signals. The following chapter presents the GPS/GALILEO and RAIM combination model developed as well as our conclusions on the statistics of the resulting position error. The last part depicts the GBAS NSE (Navigation System Error) model proposed in this report as well as the rationales for this model.

Submitted by Jean Coutinho (jeanlbiko@hotmail.com) on 2015-12-16T19:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MatematicaparaoEnsinoAC.pdf: 2609857 bytes, checksum: aae033891c7c90a4c130cf4f93a30ae3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-12-17T18:56:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MatematicaparaoEnsinoAC.pdf: 2609857 bytes, checksum: aae033891c7c90a4c130cf4f93a30ae3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T18:56:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MatematicaparaoEnsinoAC.pdf: 2609857 bytes, checksum: aae033891c7c90a4c130cf4f93a30ae3 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi modelar uma Matemática para o Ensino do conceito de combinação simples em Análise Combinatória. Os materiais de análise utilizados nesta pesquisa foram observados em duas fontes: produções científicas a partir de uma Revisão Sistemática e um estudo com professores. A estrutura de análise proposta foi o Estudo do Conceito e suas ênfases: realizações, panoramas e vinculações. Para tal propósito, foi analisado um corpus de dez artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros, nas áreas de Educação e Ensino, avaliados pelo sistema WebQualis da CAPES como A1, A2, B1 e B2. Além disso, foi organizado um estudo coletivo cujos integrantes foram seis professores atuantes nos níveis fundamental, médio e/ou superior que possuíam experiência no ensino de Análise Combinatória. Como resultado, foi apresentado um modelo de Matemática para o Ensino de combinação simples, estruturado em quatro panoramas: formalista, instrumental, ilustrativo e comparativo, que sugerem implicações para o fazer do professor que ensina combinação simples e desdobramentos da pesquisa. / ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to model a Mathematics for Teaching the concept of simple combination in Combinatory Analysis. Materials observed in this investigation came from two sources: a systematic review of scientific production and a study with teachers. The proposed structure for the analysis was a Concept Study in its emphases: realizations, landscapes and entailments. In favor of that, a corpus of ten articles published in Brazilian journals in the areas of Education and Teaching was analyzed, all of them evaluated by CAPES’ system WebQualis as A1, A2, B1 and B2. In addition, there was a collective study with six teachers acting in primary, secondary and/or higher education who had experience in teaching Combinatory Analysis. As a result, presented a model of Mathematics for Teaching the concept of simple combination, structured in four landscapes: formalist, instrumental, illustrative, and comparative, which suggest implications for the actions of the teacher that teaches simple combination, and for possible outspread of research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:56:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Adrielle Hoffmann.pdf: 1434617 bytes, checksum: 427eb50baa714de01ab9deab183c0308 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-10 / As onicomicoses, infecções fúngicas de unhas, são causadas por fungos filamentosos dermatófitos e não-dermatófitos e leveduras e representam as micoses superficiais mais difíceis de serem diagnosticadas e tratadas. O tratamento é através do uso tópico e/ou oral com drogas antifúngicas e pode ainda envolver a remoção da unha. O uso de agentes tópicos concomitante à terapia sistêmica leva à melhores resultados clínicos e micológicos. A eficácia da associação medicamentosa pode estar associada à ação complementar entre as drogas, envolvendo diferentes níveis de penetração ungueal e, dependendo dos antifúngicos, de diferentes alvos de ação na célula fúngica. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em estabelecer a ocorrência de fungos filamentosos na etiologia das onicomicoses e a suscetibilidade in vitro destes às drogas terbinafina, ciclopirox olamina, cetoconazol e itraconazol, conforme o documento M38-A2 (2008) do CLSI. Foi tambem avaliada a combinação entre estas drogas antifúngicas através do cálculo do índice fracionário de concentração inibitória (IFCI). Nossos resultados demonstraram que prevalência das onicomicoses, no período de janeiro de 2009 a abril de 2011, em Vitória, ES, foi de 50% dentre as dermatomicoses. A maioria dos isolados (77%) foi obtido de pacientes do sexo feminino e o local de maior acometimento foram as unhas dos pés para ambos os sexos. As unhas das mãos foram mais acometidas por leveduras e as unhas dos pés, por fungos filamentosos. Em geral, os gêneros de fungos filamentosos mais predominantes na etiologia das onicomicoses foram Trichophyton spp (21,7%), Fusarium spp. (11,2%) e Scytalidium spp.(8,4%). Para fungos filamentosos, os testes de suscetibilidade in vitro mostraram que isolados de dermatófitos foram mais sensíveis que isolados do grupo não-dermatófitos. Entre os nãodermatófitos, Fusarium spp. foi menos inibido que Scytalidium spp., que por sua vez, foi menos inibido que o dermatófito Trichophyton spp. Dentre as combinações testadas não houve nenhum efeito antagônico e,, com exceção daquela entre itraconazol e cetoconazol, as demais apresentaram efeito sinérgico sobre algum isolado. A combinação entre drogas apresentou maiores índices de sinergismo para o gênero Scytalidium spp. O melhor resultado para este gênero foi também obtido pela combinação itraconazol e terbinafina / The onychomycosis, fungal nail infections, are caused by filamentous fungi dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes and yeasts and represent the most difficult superficial mycosis to be diagnosed and treated. Treatment involves use of topical and/or oral antifungal drugs, as well as removal of the nail. The use of topical agents concomitant to systemic therapy leads to better clinical and mycological results. The efficacy of combination therapy may be associated with a complementary action between the drugs, involving different levels of nail penetration and, depending on the antifungal, different targets of action in the fungal cell. The purpose of this study was to establish the occurrence of filamentous fungi in the etiology of onychomycosis and in vitro susceptibility to the drugs terbinafine, ciclopirox olamine, ketoconazole and itraconazole, according to document M38-A2 (2008) CLSI. It was also evaluated the combination among these antifungal drugs by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Our results showed that the prevalence of onychomycosis in the period from January 2009 to April 2011, in Vitoria, ES, Brazil, was 50% among the dermatomycosis cases. Most of the isolates (77%) were obtained from female patients and toenails were the local with greater involvement for both sexes. The fingernails were more affected by yeast and toenails, by filamentous fungi. In general, the genera of filamentous fungi more prevalent in the etiology of onychomycosis was Trichophyton spp (21.7%), Fusarium spp. (11.2%) and Scytalidium spp. (8.4%). For filamentous fungi, the in vitro susceptibility testing showed that dermatophytes were more susceptible than non-dermatophytes isolates. Among non-dermatophytes, Fusarium spp. was less inhibited than Scytalidium spp., which in turn, was less inhibited than the dermatophyte Trichophyton spp. Among the combinations tested, there was no antagonistic effect and,, with exception of ketoconazole and itraconazole, those ones showed synergistic effect for isolates. The best results were presented for combinations involving itraconazole and terbinafine. The drug combination with greater synergistic effect was observed for genus Scytalidium spp. being that the combination itraconazole and terbinafine presented also the best results for this genus