Ce travail de recherche propose le développement et la validation d’une méthode de prédiction in-situ et temps réel de la durée de vie utile restante des engrenages de boîtes de vitesses automobiles de série. Cette méthode est destinée à être implantée dans des unités de commande électronique standards. En s’attachant tout particulièrement à proposer une solution simple, fiable, rentable et facilement transposable pour tout type de configuration, le système se base sur la combinaison d’une méthode d’acquisition des couples agissants sur la boîte de vitesses et d’une estimation continue des niveaux d’endommagement des engrenages. Un état de l’art et les fondamentaux théoriques d’une estimation de l’endommagement par une approche de contrainte nominale et une accumulation linéaire des endommagements partiels sont abordés dans un premier temps. La structure globale de l’algorithme de calcul de l’endommagement est ensuite étudiée et l’approche méthodologique adoptée pour sa mise au point expliquée. Cette dernière repose en grande partie sur un modèle complet de véhicule valide par des essais sur route et des mesures, où une attention toute particulière est portée à la représentation des changements de rapport et de la dynamique de la boîte de vitesses. Deux types de boite de vitesses sont alors considérées, une boite manuelle standard et une boite à double embrayage, et une spécification technique pour la configuration de l’algorithme ainsi qu’une analyse des besoins pour la méthode d’acquisition des couples sont formulées. En se basant sur ces études, un observateur d’état capable de reconstruire le couple agissant sur les disques d’embrayage ainsi que le couple en sortie de boite est développé et valide. Finalement, une synthèse de la méthode complète et de l’algorithme final est adressée, et les avantages économiques et écologiques liés à l’introduction de cette méthode pour des mesures de conception légère des boîtes de vitesses automobiles sont abordés et évalués. / This research work proposes the development and the validation of an online and real-time method to predict the remaining service life of the gearwheels of automotive transmissions, with the aim of implementing it on standard control units of series-production vehicles. By focusing on the proposition of a simple, reliable and easy-to-implement solution, the system relies on the combination of an acquisition method of the torques acting in the transmission and a continuous estimation of the damage levels of the gearwheels. Firstly, a state of the art and the theoretical basics are presented concerning a damage estimation based on a nominal stress concept and a linear damage accumulation. The global structure of the damage estimation algorithm is then analyzed and the methodological approach adopted for its development is explained. This is based in principal on a drivetrain model, validated with tests and measurements, where a particular attention is paid to the representation of the gear shifts and the transmission dynamics. Two types of transmissions are considered, namely a standard manual transmission and a dual clutch transmission mounted in series-production cars. Respectively a requirement analysis for the configuration of the algorithm as well as a requirement specification for the torque acquisition method are performed. On this basis, a state observer is developed and validated, which is able to reconstruct the clutch torque and the transmission output torque. Finally, a synthesis of the complete method and the final version of the algorithm are addressed, and the economic and ecological advantages of the introduction of the method in the context of lightweight design measures are discussed and evaluated. / Kurzfassung Diese Dissertation beschreibt die Entwicklung einer Online- und Echtzeit-Methode zur Vorhersage der restlichen Lebensdauer von den Zahnradern eines Kraftfahrzeuggetriebes. Diese Methode ist fur eine Implementierung auf Standard-Steuergeraten vorgesehen. Durch die Fokussierung auf eine einfache, zuverlassige und leicht zu implementierende Losung beruht die Methode auf der Kombination aus einer Drehmomenterfassungsmethode und einer kontinuierlichen Vorhersage des Schadigungsniveaus der Zahnrader. Zuerst werden der Stand der Technik und die theoretischen Grundlagen von Schadigungsberechnungen basierend auf dem Nennspannungskonzept und einer linearen Schadensakkumulation dargestellt. Danach wird die globale Struktur des Schadigungsberechnungsalgorithmus gezeigt und die fur die Entwicklung ausgewahlte methodische Vorgehensweise erlautert. Diese bezieht sich grundsatzlich auf ein durch Testfahrten und Messungen verifiziertes Antriebsstrangmodell, welches besonders die Schaltungen und die Dynamik des Getriebes berucksichtigt. Ein Serien-Handschaltgetriebe und ein Serien-Doppelkupplungsgetriebe werden betrachtet. Fur diese zwei Getriebetypen werden eine Anforderungsanalyse zur Konfiguration des Algorithmus sowie eine Anforderungsspezifikation fur die Drehmomenterfassungsmethode durchgefuhrt. Auf Basis dieser Untersuchungen wird dann ein Zustandsbeobachter zur Rekonstruktion des Kupplungs- und Getriebeausgangsdrehmoments entwickelt und validiert. Infolgedessen werden eine Synthese der kompletten Methode und die Endversion des Algorithmus vorgestellt. Abschliesend werden die Wirtschaftlichkeit sowie die okologischen Vorteile in Bezug auf die Einfuhrung der Lebensdauermonitoringmethode im Rahmen von Leichtbaumasnahmen diskutiert und bewertet.

A connection between self-monitoring, which is an individual difference in concern about self-presentation, and partner knowledge structures, which is how people organize thoughts about their current romantic partner, is explored in this study. There were two competing hypotheses. If people structure thoughts about their partner in a way similar to how they structure their social worlds, then low self-monitors would have integrated partner knowledge structures and high self-monitors would have compartmentalized partner knowledge structures. If people structure thoughts about their partner in a way that reflects their relationship motivations and needs then we would find the opposite pattern of results. We used a measure of compartmentalization and integration as well as Snyder’s (1974) Self-Monitoring Scale to explore our hypotheses. Although both low self-monitors and high self-monitors had relatively compartmentalized partner knowledge structures, we found support for the relationship motivations and needs hypothesis. Low self-monitors had more compartmentalized partner knowledge structures than did high self-monitors. In fact, low self-monitors were more likely than high self-monitors to have completely compartmentalized views of their partners. Reasons for these findings, limitations of this study, and future directions are discussed.

This study explored the lived experiences of breast cancer survivors and their intimate partners. The research was informed by a social constructionist framework and phenomenological method of inquiry. While the body of literature on the physical, psychological, and social health of breast cancer survivors is growing, only a few studies have focused solely on the lived experience of survivorship and the uncertainty of recurrence. This study sought to explore the construction of meaning in the couples' context and experiences of surviving breast cancer. The present study examined how breast cancer survivors make meaning of their survivorship in context of living with the fear of recurrence. The researcher investigated the patients' and their intimate partners' experiences of survivorship to gain a better understanding of how their lived experiences affect their relationships to themselves and their significant other and how they cope with the uncertainty of recurrence. The study provided clinical implications for medical family therapists working with breast cancer survivors for couples managing the challenges with survivorship and uncertainty.

Using data from a national survey, this study examines income and other key variables (division of labor and work-family conflict) and their relationship to marital satisfaction. This study builds upon the body of research regarding working couples and women's increased participation in the paid labor force as well as evaluates the findings in the context of data gathered from the recent United States census. Results from this study also are compared to the findings of other key studies. Emergent data may be used to prepare counselors to work more effectively with couple clients and to assist employers in the development of work life policies for dual career and dual earner employees. Results from the multiple regression revealed no direct effects of income on marital satisfaction. For this sample, increases in work family conflict contributed to less marital satisfaction as did the presence of children. Increased participation in household chores by respondents' partners contributed to increased marital satisfaction. No differences were observed by gender. Limitations of the study, recommendations for further research, and implications for practitioners also are addressed.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-11-27T18:30:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 gilclecia_oliveira_lourenço.pdf: 1198962 bytes, checksum: 14772057f1bac3dfe959da10a95f37e7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-27T18:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 gilclecia_oliveira_lourenço.pdf: 1198962 bytes, checksum: 14772057f1bac3dfe959da10a95f37e7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-04 / This study planned to understand the conjugality experience of people with mixed HIV status for HIV/AIDS. It is very important to expand knowledge of sexual-affective relational possibilities affected by the contamination with HIV/AIDS to reflect about intake practices that consider the context and demands of people living with this virus. In this sense, this study is categorized as a qualitative research in which 16 individuals were separately interviewed, 05 of them were HIV-negative and the remaining 11 were HIV-positive, all in serodiscordant relationships. In addition to the semi-structured interview, we also used a Field Journal where several experiences, observations and reflections built along the process of data production were recorded. As an analytical strategy, we used the discursive analysis inspired on Foucault. Reports of the interviewees point to a conjugality experience marked by stigmas, prejudices and conflicts on the understanding of the virus in the lives of the couples and an ongoing surveillance in their daily lives. In serodiscordant couples, sexual relations affected by discourses of risk and prevention, are experienced with fear, doubt and insecurity. Moreover, we noticed that HIV infection comprises tensions and experiences in the dynamics of the couples that cannot be reduced to aspects of sexuality, prevention and risk. The experience of serodiscordant conjugality has complex effects on the couples’ daily lives and involves the development of different strategies required for the construction and/or maintenance of the sexual-affective relationship. It is concluded that the AIDS discourse acts on the individual, producing means to relate, be a couple and be serodiscordant, in a subjectivation process determined by political, regulatory and cultural strategies. However, the experience of serodiscordant conjugality is defined as a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by causal and simplistic explanations. The individual presented here is active in its subjectivation process, creating means of resistance and subversion that emphasize the disciplinary power of the AIDS discourse. / Este trabalho objetivou compreender a experiência de conjugalidade de pessoas que vivem em situação de sorodiscordância para HIV/aids. Aprofundar o entendimento das possibilidades relacionais afetivas e sexuais atravessadas pelo acometimento do HIV/aids é de fundamental relevância para se pensar práticas de acolhimento que levem em consideração o contexto e as demandas das pessoas que (con)vivem com o vírus. Neste sentido, este estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa em que foram entrevistadas, individualmente, dezesseis pessoas, sendo cinco participantes com sorologia negativa e outras onze pessoas soropositivas para HIV, todas em relacionamentos sorodiscordantes. Além da entrevista semidirigida, também fizemos uso de um Diário de Campo, em que foram registradas diversas vivências, observações e reflexões construídas ao longo do processo de produção dos dados. Como estratégia de análise, lançamos mão da analítica discursiva de inspiração foucaultiana. As narrativas dos sujeitos entrevistados apontam para uma experiência de conjugalidade marcada por estigmas, preconceito e conflitos sobre o entendimento da entrada do vírus na vida a dois e uma constante vigilância sobre o cotidiano. Nas díades sorodiscordantes, as práticas sexuais, atravessadas pelos discursos de risco e prevenção, são vivenciadas com medo, dúvida e insegurança. Além disso, percebemos que o acometimento pelo HIV compreende tensões e vivências na dinâmica do par, que não podem ser reduzidas aos aspectos da sexualidade, prevenção e risco. A vivência da conjugalidade sorodiscordante tem efeitos sobre o cotidiano do casal na sua mais diversa complexidade e comporta a organização de diferentes estratégias necessária à construção e/ou manutenção do relacionamento afetivo-sexual. Conclui-se que, o discurso da aids atua sobre os sujeitos, produzindo modos de se relacionar, de ser casal, de ser sorodiscordante, num processo de subjetivação agenciado por estratégias políticas, normativas e culturais. No entanto, a experiência de conjugalidade sorodiscordante se caracteriza como um fenômeno complexo e não passível de explicações causais e simplórias. O sujeito que aqui se apresenta é ativo no seu processo de subjetivação, produzindo modos de resistência e de subversão que tencionam o poder disciplinador do discurso da aids.

Le problème de la restauration est rencontré dans domaines très variés notamment en traitement de signal et de l'image. Il correspond à la récupération des données originales à partir de données observées. Dans le cas de données multidimensionnelles, la résolution de ce problème peut se faire par différentes approches selon la nature des données, l'opérateur de transformation et la présence ou non de bruit. Dans ce travail, nous avons traité ce problème, d'une part, dans le cas des données discrètes en présence de bruit. Dans ce cas, le problème de restauration est analogue à celui de la segmentation. Nous avons alors exploité les modélisations dites chaînes de Markov couples et triplets qui généralisent les chaînes de Markov cachées. L'intérêt de ces modèles réside en la possibilité de généraliser la méthode de calcul de la probabilité à posteriori, ce qui permet une segmentation bayésienne. Nous avons considéré ces méthodes pour des observations bi-dimensionnelles et nous avons appliqué les algorithmes pour une séparation sur des documents issus de manuscrits scannés dans lesquels les textes des deux faces d'une feuille se mélangeaient. D'autre part, nous avons attaqué le problème de la restauration dans un contexte de séparation aveugle de sources. Une méthode classique en séparation aveugle de sources, connue sous l'appellation "Analyse en Composantes Indépendantes" (ACI), nécessite l'hypothèse d'indépendance statistique des sources. Dans des situations réelles, cette hypothèse n'est pas toujours vérifiée. Par conséquent, nous avons étudié une extension du modèle ACI dans le cas où les sources peuvent être statistiquement dépendantes. Pour ce faire, nous avons introduit un processus latent qui gouverne la dépendance et/ou l'indépendance des sources. Le modèle que nous proposons combine un modèle de mélange linéaire instantané tel que celui donné par ACI et un modèle probabiliste sur les sources avec variables cachées. Dans ce cadre, nous montrons comment la technique d'Estimation Conditionnelle Itérative permet d'affaiblir l'hypothèse usuelle d'indépendance en une hypothèse d'indépendance conditionnelle / The restoration problem is usually encountered in various domains and in particular in signal and image processing. It consists in retrieving original data from a set of observed ones. For multidimensional data, the problem can be solved using different approaches depending on the data structure, the transformation system and the noise. In this work, we have first tackled the problem in the case of discrete data and noisy model. In this context, the problem is similar to a segmentation problem. We have exploited Pairwise and Triplet Markov chain models, which generalize Hidden Markov chain models. The interest of these models consist in the possibility to generalize the computation procedure of the posterior probability, allowing one to perform bayesian segmentation. We have considered these methods for two-dimensional signals and we have applied the algorithms to retrieve of old hand-written document which have been scanned and are subject to show through effect. In the second part of this work, we have considered the restoration problem as a blind source separation problem. The well-known "Independent Component Analysis" (ICA) method requires the assumption that the sources be statistically independent. In practice, this condition is not always verified. Consequently, we have studied an extension of the ICA model in the case where the sources are not necessarily independent. We have introduced a latent process which controls the dependence and/or independence of the sources. The model that we propose combines a linear instantaneous mixing model similar to the one of ICA model and a probabilistic model on the sources with hidden variables. In this context, we show how the usual independence assumption can be weakened using the technique of Iterative Conditional Estimation to a conditional independence assumption

Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à caractériser les facteurs de transcription de la plante Arabidopsis thaliana, gènes importants pour la régulation de l'expression du génome. À l'aide de données d'expression, notre objectif biologique est de classer ces facteurs de transcription en groupes de gènes co-régulateurs et en groupes de gènes co-régulés. Nous procédons en deux phases pour y parvenir. La première phase consiste à construire un réseau de régulation entre les facteurs de transcription. La seconde phase consiste en la classification des facteurs de transcription selon les liens de régulation établis par ce réseau. D'un point de vue statistique, les facteurs de transcription sont les variables et les données d'expression sont les observations. Nous représentons le réseau à inférer par un graphe orienté dont les nœuds sont les variables. L'estimation de ses arêtes est vue comme un problème de sélection de variables en grande dimension avec un faible nombre d'unités statistiques. Nous traitons ce problème à l'aide de régressions linéaires pénalisées de type LASSO. Une approche préliminaire qui consiste à sélectionner un ensemble de variables du chemin de régularisation par le biais de critères de vraisemblance pénalisée s'avère être instable et fournit trop de variables explicatives. Pour contrecarrer cela, nous proposons et mettons en compétition deux procédures de sélection, adaptées au problème de la haute dimension et mêlant régression linéaire pénalisée et rééchantillonnage. L'estimation des différents paramètres de ces procédures a été effectuée dans le but d'obtenir des ensembles de variables stables. Nous évaluons la stabilité des résultats à l'aide de jeux de données simulés selon notre modèle graphique. Nous faisons appel ensuite à une méthode de classification non supervisée sur chacun des graphes orientés obtenus pour former des groupes de nœuds vus comme contrôleurs et des groupes de nœuds vus comme contrôlés. Pour évaluer la proximité entre les classifications doubles des nœuds obtenus sur différents graphes, nous avons développé un indice de comparaison de couples de partition dont nous éprouvons et promouvons la pertinence. D'un point de vue pratique, nous proposons une méthode de simulation en cascade, exigée par la complexité de notre modèle et inspirée du bootstrap paramétrique, pour simuler des jeux de données en accord avec notre modèle. Nous avons validé notre modèle en évaluant la proximité des classifications obtenues par application de la procédure statistique sur les données réelles et sur ces données simulées. / This thesis deals with the characterisation of key genes in gene expression regulation, called transcription factors, in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using expression data, our biological goal is to cluster transcription factors in groups of co-regulator transcription factors, and in groups of co-regulated transcription factors. To do so, we propose a two-step procedure. First, we infer the network of regulation between transcription factors. Second, we cluster transcription factors based on their connexion patterns to other transcriptions factors.From a statistical point of view, the transcription factors are the variables and the samples are the observations. The regulatory network between the transcription factors is modelled using a directed graph, where variables are nodes. The estimation of the nodes can be interpreted as a problem of variables selection. To infer the network, we perform LASSO type penalised linear regression. A preliminary approach selects a set of variable along the regularisation path using penalised likelihood criterion. However, this approach is unstable and leads to select too many variables. To overcome this difficulty, we propose to put in competition two selection procedures, designed to deal with high dimension data and mixing linear penalised regression and subsampling. Parameters estimation of the two procedures are designed to lead to select stable set of variables. Stability of results is evaluated on simulated data under a graphical model. Subsequently, we use an unsupervised clustering method on each inferred oriented graph to detect groups of co-regulators and groups of co-regulated. To evaluate the proximity between the two classifications, we have developed an index of comparaison of pairs of partitions whose relevance is tested and promoted. From a practical point of view, we propose a cascade simulation method required to respect the model complexity and inspired from parametric bootstrap, to simulate data under our model. We have validated our model by inspecting the proximity between the two classifications on simulated and real data.

L'iris est considérée comme une des modalités les plus robustes et les plus performantes en biométrie à cause de ses faibles taux d'erreurs. Ces performances ont été observées dans des situations contrôlées, qui imposent des contraintes lors de l'acquisition pour l'obtention d'images de bonne qualité. Relâcher ces contraintes, au moins partiellement, implique des dégradations de la qualité des images acquises et par conséquent une réduction des performances de ces systèmes. Une des principales solutions proposées dans la littérature pour remédier à ces limites est d'améliorer l'étape de segmentation de l'iris. L'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a été de proposer des méthodes originales pour la segmentation des images dégradées de l'iris. Les chaînes de Markov ont été déjà proposées dans la littérature pour résoudre des problèmes de segmentation d'images. Dans ce cadre, une étude de faisabilité d'une segmentation non supervisée des images dégradées d'iris en régions par les chaînes de Markov a été réalisée, en vue d'une future application en temps réel. Différentes transformations de l'image et différentes méthodes de segmentation grossière pour l'initialisation des paramètres ont été étudiées et comparées. Les modélisations optimales ont été introduites dans un système de reconnaissance de l'iris (avec des images en niveaux de gris) afin de produire une comparaison avec les méthodes existantes. Finalement une extension de la modélisation basée sur les chaînes de Markov cachées, pour une segmentation non supervisée des images d'iris acquises en visible, a été mise en place / Iris is considered as one of the most robust and efficient modalities in biometrics because of its low error rates. These performances were observed in controlled situations, which impose constraints during the acquisition in order to have good quality images. The renouncement of these constraints, at least partially, implies degradations in the quality of the acquired images and it is therefore a degradation of these systems’ performances. One of the main proposed solutions in the literature to take into account these limits is to propose a robust approach for iris segmentation. The main objective of this thesis is to propose original methods for the segmentation of degraded images of the iris. Markov chains have been well solicited to solve image segmentation problems. In this context, a feasibility study of unsupervised segmentation into regions of degraded iris images by Markov chains was performed. Different image transformations and different segmentation methods for parameters initialization have been studied and compared. Optimal modeling has been inserted in iris recognition system (with grayscale images) to produce a comparison with the existing methods. Finally, an extension of the modeling based on the hidden Markov chains has been developed in order to realize an unsupervised segmentation of the iris images acquired in visible light

Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på om en kortare massage i hemmet kan bidra med stressreducering hos kärlekspar och om en instruktionsvideo för att lära ut massage kan vara en bra metod. En kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats har använts, även kallat mixed methods. Deltagarna var 18 personer, som alla ingick i kärleksrelationer. Inledningsvis fick de titta på en inspelad kort informationsvideo om massage för att sedan med stöd av en inspelad 20 minuter lång instruktionsvideo massera varandra på rygg och nacke. Före och efter att de gett och fått massage, skulle de också svara på en webbenkät. Resultaten från enkäten visade att stressnivån sjönk hos både de som gett (p=0,0463) och de som fått (p=0,001) massage. Av de som fått massage kände alla sig avslappnade efteråt och majoriteten (83,3%) kände sig lugna. De som gett massage kände sig även de mer lugna (77,8%) efteråt. Ingen av deltagarna uppgav att de kände sig stressade efter massagen. En instruktionsvideo visade sig, genom svaren från webbenkäten, vara en bra metod för att lära ut massage till kärlekspar. / The aim of this study was to find out if a shorter massage at home can contribute to stress reduction in love couples and if an instructional video for teaching massage can be a good method. A qualitative and quantitative approach has been used, also called mixed methods. The participants were 18 people, all of whom were involved in love relationships. Initially, the participants had to watch a recorded short information video about massage and then, with the support of a recorded 20-minute instructional video, massage each other on the back and neck. Before and after giving or receiving a massage, they also had to respond to an online survey. The results from the survey showed that the stress level decreased in both those who gave (p = 0.0463) and those who received (p = 0.001) massage. Of those who received massage, all felt relaxed afterwards and the majority (83.3%) felt calm. Those who gave massages also felt calmer (77.8%) afterwards. None of the participants stated that they felt stressed after the massage. An instructional video proved, through the answers from the web survey, to be a good method for teaching massage to love couples.

HIV/AIDS is severely affecting the armed forces in South Africa. Combating HIV/AIDS demands a high level of commitment from the Ministry of Defence and all the Divisions and Services at all levels in the Department of Defence. Prevention practice for HIV/ AIDS is a challenged because the nature and full extent of the impact on the forces, and in particular on serodiscordant couples, are not known. This research study explored the experiences of serodiscordant couples regarding the impact of serodiscordancy on their marriages. The Infectious Disease Clinic engages serodiscordant couples as active participants in dealing with their HIV status. The researcher explored the impact of HIV serodiscordancy on married couples attending the Infectious Disease Clinic at 1 Military Hospital with the intended outcome of informing intervention and prevention strategies and programmes for serodiscordant couples. The study utilised a qualitative research approach and the research design was an instrumental case study. The population for the study was all the married serodiscordant couples in the Infectious Disease Clinic at 1 Military Hospital. The sample consisted of 20 serodiscordant couples attending the Infectious Disease Clinic for at least the past two years. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The study concluded that empowerment programmes on HIV/AIDS should include knowledge of, as well as coping skills and guidance for couples dealing with serodiscordancy, including disclosure and discrimination; marital and parenting roles; health management, building of trust; facilitating open and positive communication; and financial management. Based on the conclusions of the study, the main recommendation is that prevention strategies and empowerment programmes for serodiscordant couples should be based on a holistic, well-integrated intervention plan which contextualises strategies and programmes for prevention, treatment, counselling, empowerment and continuous support of the employee, their spouse and their family, including home visits, as required by the serodiscordant couple. Furthermore, it should clearly conceptualise the role of each team member at both the Infectious Disease Clinic and the relevant units of the SANDF, in particular the role of the social worker. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted