Cette étude répond à l’intitulé suivant : La fiction romanesque de la postmodernité et ses labyrinthes. L’exemple des textes d’Alain Robbe-Grillet (France, 1922-2008), de Juan José Saer (Argentine, 1937-2005) et de Boubacar Boris Diop (Sénégal, 1947-). Elle se propose de cerner, sous l’autorité méthodologique de la poétique textuelle, les diverses modalités par lesquelles le motif du labyrinthe s’impose comme substrat privilégié de la poétique du récit chez trois écrivains appartenant à des aires linguistiques et culturelles différentes. Le choix et l’examen des textes de ces trois écrivains reposent sur la volonté de montrer le déploiement de ce motif dans l’organisation interne de la fiction romanesque postmoderne. En effet, intégré dans la dynamique interne de l’oeuvre de manière très diversifiée, le motif du labyrinthe surgit dans toutes les problématiques qui traversent l’écriture romanesque postmoderne. Par commodité méthodologique et rigueur scientifique, cette étude se déploie suivant trois axes complémentaires. Tandis que le premier qui s’intitule « Le labyrinthe comme invariant obsessionnel de la fiction romanesque de la postmodernité » s’attache à faire ressortir les diverses facettes sous lesquelles ce motif se déploie dans la dynamique textuelle du récit fictionnel postmoderne ; le deuxième qui a pour titre « Le labyrinthe comme modalité constitutive de la narrativité du récit : la fiction romanesque de la postmodernité à l’épreuve de la discontinuité », s’attèle quant à lui, à examiner en quoi ce motif participe d’un projet d’écriture qui revendique la discontinuité comme principe narratif ; enfin, le troisième qui a pour intitulé « Le labyrinthe comme modalité caractéristique de l’interdiscursivité et de l’intergénéricité de la dynamique textuelle : la fiction romanesque de la postmodernité à l’épreuve de la polyphonie », entreprend pour sa part de démontrer en quoi ce motif est constitutif de la polyphonie qui gouverne la dynamique textuelle du récit fictionnel postmoderne. / This study answers the following title: Romantic fiction of postmodernity and its mazes. The example of the texts of Alain Robbe-Grillet (France, 1922-2008), of Juan José Saer (Argentina, 1937-2005) and of Boubacar Boris Diop (Senegal, 1947-). It intends to identify, under authority methodological of poetic text the various modalities by which the pattern of the labyrinth becomes established as privileged substrate of the poetic narrative in three writers belonging to different linguistic and cultural areas. The choice and examination of the texts of these three writers rest on the will to show the deployment of this pattern in the internal organization of the postmodern romantic fiction. Indeed, integrated in the internal dynamic of writing in a very diversified way, the pattern of the maze appears in all the problems which cross the romantic writing. For methodological convenience and scientific rigour, this study deploys according to three complementary axes. While the first is entitled "The labyrinth as obsessive invariant of the romantic fiction of postmodernity" sets out to bring out the different aspects in which this pattern unfolds in dynamic textual postmodern fictional narrative, the second which is entitled "The labyrinth as constitutive modality of the narrativity of the story : romantic fiction of postmodernity to the test of discontinuity", gets down to examine how this pattern is part of a writing project that claims the discontinuity principle as narrative, and the third which is entitled "The labyrinth as a characteristic modality of interdiscursivity and intergenericity textual dynamic : romantic fiction of postmodernity to the test of polyphony" undertakes to show how this pattern is constitutive of polyphony which governs the dynamic of textual postmodern fictional narrative.

No presente trabalho desenvolve-se um modelo constitutivo baseado na mecânica do dano contínuo para representar o acúmulo da degradação do concreto produzido por cargas repetidas. O modelo de dano apresenta as condições necessárias exigidas na chamada aproximação de descontinuidades fortes proposta por Simó, Oliver e Armero e, conseqüentemente, pode ser empregado na formulação de elementos finitos com descontinuidade forte incorporada. Em decorrência de sua capacidade de descrever o comportamento do meio descontínuo independentemente da posição dos contornos do elemento finito, essa classe de formulação constitui uma alternativa valiosa para remediar a forte dependência da malha observada nos modelos de fissuras distribuídas, assim como para evitar as sofisticadas técnicas de reconstrução da malha exigidas nos modelos de fissura discreta, nos quais a fissura é introduzida na interface entre elementos. O trabalho traz contribuições no sentido de proporcionar uma ferramenta alternativa para a análise de propagação de fissuras por fadiga em elementos estruturais de concreto, dentro do contexto da mecânica do dano contínuo. Verifica-se a eficiência da formulação mediante análise numérica de problemas de fadiga em elementos estruturais de concreto. / A constitutive model based on the continuum damage mechanics is proposed to describe the accumulation of the degradation produced by repeated loads in concrete materials. The proposed damage model presents the necessary conditions required in the strong discontinuity approach advocated by Simó, Oliver and Armero and, consequently, it can be used in the embedded strong discontinuity finite element approach. This class of approach has been recognized by its capability to model discontinuities independently on the element boundaries. In fracture mechanics, the embedded strong discontinuity element has been proved to be a efficient alternative to remedy the strong mesh dependence verified in smeared crack approaches, as well as to avoid the sophisticated remeshing techniques required in the discrete crack approaches, in which the crack is introduced in the element interfaces. This work provides an alternative tool for the analysis of crack propagation in concrete structures under fatigue in the context of the continuum damage mechanics. Numerical analysis of concrete elements under fatigue are performed to access the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This dissertation explores entanglements of body, national identity and nature in contemporary Mongolia. The project is situated within the rising popularity of natural remedies and alternative medicine during a time described as disorganized (zambaraagui) and disorderly. Data was collected from 33 months of fieldwork in Ulaanbaatar and elsewhere, focused on non-biomedical practices and therapeutic landscapes, especially medicinal springs (arshaan) and their sanatoria. This work contributes to studies of post-socialist Mongolia in a few ways. The methodological decision to engage in interview and participant observation of fortunetellers (üzmerch), practitioners of Buddhist and traditional medicine (otoch, ardiin emch), astrologists (zurhaich), energy healers (bio energich), shamans (böö, zairan, udgan), enlightened lamas (huvilgaan) and massage therapists (bariach) was driven by the fluid approach with which patients approach fulfilling the needs of their health and wellbeing. Such fluidity was also echoed in healing practice; as opposed to bounded by strict conceptual distinctions, healers re-purposed personally and culturally-familiar techniques, ranging from biomedical to those of Buddhist medicine (sowa rigpa) to occult practices. Many of the same techniques were practiced by a range of practitioners. The term orthopraxy, commonality of practice across conceptual difference, is used to address this phenomena. Such pairing together of different kinds of therapies – biomedical or otherwise – calls into question a “traditional” vs. modern or neo-spiritual framework within which such practices are often cast. I employ Robbin’s anthropology of discontinuity (2003), suggesting that Soviet influences represented “hard” cultural forms that provided a partial rupture in cultural knowledge between pre-revolutionary society and 1990. Nature (baigal) and natural surroundings (baigal orchin) were concepts often raised when discussing health and wellbeing. “Spiritual” earth and mountain masters (gazariin/uuliin ezed) of estranged homelands (nutag) that cause illness in families relocated to Ulaanbaatar; the water, flora, and mutton from one’s homeland as especially medicinally-suited to the body; shamans empowered to heal by appropriating into their practices the worship of nationally-significant mountains: territorialized national identity represented a prominent trend in healing practices. The revering of a nation through natural landmarks I call national nature, and suggest it be seen both with respect to romantic and utilitarian conceptions of a therapeutic nature that underpinned Soviet medicine, and Soviet indigenization campaigns and the ethnonationalism that was encouraged to flourish in borderland republics. Affective rooting to natural landmarks to maintain or restore wellbeing was also a way to enact Mongol-ness, rendering healing the body at once a practice of national subject-making.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-07T15:38:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO DOS SANTOS_.pdf: 484314 bytes, checksum: dab0fbe05c25cb2977a334ac4054cfeb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-07T15:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO DOS SANTOS_.pdf: 484314 bytes, checksum: dab0fbe05c25cb2977a334ac4054cfeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-19 / UEMA - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão / A Introdução, como parte inicial de um trabalho acadêmico, indica aos leitores informações prévias para o estudo relatado no trabalho. Sua finalidade é a formulação clara e simples do tema da pesquisa. Devido às restritas pesquisas com o gênero TCC, em especial sobre a seção Introdução, e por ser considerado um dos componentes obrigatórios na redação de qualquer texto acadêmico, resolve-se trabalhar com esse importante segmento. Tem-se como objetivo geral analisar a organização composicional da seção Introdução dos TCC de 2012 do Curso de Pedagogia da UEMA a fim de verificar se os segmentos previstos para o plano de texto do gênero TCC ocorreram e se houve ligação entre as unidades textuais. Especificamente, procurou-se identificar as unidades do plano do texto que compõem a Introdução dos trabalhos analisados, considerando as unidades arroladas por Feltrim, Aluísio e Nunes (2000); examinar o papel dos organizadores textuais e dos conectores argumentativos na marcação de segmentação das etapas do plano de texto assim como de conexão entre as diferentes partes; explicitar o papel da continuidade referencial como marca de continuidade temática. A teoria adotada foi a Análise Textual dos Discursos (ADAM, 2011), principalmente no que se refere ao plano de texto, construção de referência e conectores argumentativos. Estabelecem-se relações com Conte (2013), Koch (2011), Mondada e Dubois (2013) entre outros. Os procedimentos metodológicos deram-se mediante abordagem qualitativa, pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, bibliográfica e documental. O corpus da análise qualitativa foi constituído de cinco Introduções, retiradas do conjunto dos TCC investigados. Partiu-se de 36 Introduções cujas composições textuais revelaram-se representativas do fenômeno investigado. Os resultados mostraram que as Introduções (a maioria) apresentam estrutura composicional/sequência e plano de texto compatíveis com os estágios obrigatórios e opcionais previstos por Feltrim, Aluísio e Nunes (2000), obedecendo a uma estrutura convencional. As operações linguístico-discursivas deram o necessário suporte à construção de unidades semânticas no processo de textualização, embora se tenham identificado lacunas (ausências, descontinuidades), indicativas da inexperiência linguístico-textual dos produtores, correlato também com algumas dificuldades quanto ao domínio das diretrizes recomendadas para a construção do texto científico, ocorrências que não chegam a comprometer a dimensão de sentido dos textos, tampouco comprometem a manutenção dos blocos e segmentos temáticos responsáveis pela realização do plano de texto e da consequente garantia de sua comunicabilidade. / Introduction section as an initial part of a TCC (Course Final Assignment) indicates to its reader’s previous information to this study paper. Its aim is a clear and simple formulation of the theme of this research. Due to the restrict studies about TCC (Course Final Assignment), in special about the Introduction section, which is considered one of the compulsory components of an essay in any academic text, it was decided to work on this important section. It is aimed to analyze the compositional organization of the Introduction section in the TCC (Course Final Assignment) from the year 2012 of the Pedagogy Course in UEMA (State University of Maranhão) to verify if the expected segments to the text planning in a TCC (Course Final Assignment) gender have occurred and if there was a link among the textual units. As specific objectives, it was identified the units of the text planning that compose the Introduction section of the TCC (Course Final Assignment) analyzed, considering the units mentioned by Feltrim, Aluísio and Nunes (2000); to examine the role of textual organizations and the role of argumentative connectors as a mark on the segmentation of the stages of the text planning as well as the connection among different parts of the text; to explicit the role of a referential continuity as a mark to a theme continuity. The theory adopted was Discourse Textual Analysis, Adam (2011), mainly about text plan, development of references and argument, ative connectors. It was established relations among, Conte (2013), Koch (2011), Mondada e Dubois (2013) and others. The methodological procedures were done by qualitative approach, exploratory, descriptive and bibliographic research. The corpus of the qualitative analysis was built based on five Introduction sections taken from TCC (Course Final Assignment) investigated. It was started from 36 Introduction sections from which the textual compositions were representative marks of the investigated phenomenon. The results presents a majority number of Introduction sections has shown compositional sequence and compatible text planning to the compulsories and optional stages expected from Feltrin, Aluisio and Nunes (2000),obeying to a conventional structure. Linguistics and discursive operations were a necessary support to the construction of semantic units in the process of a text planning, even though, some gaps were identified (absences, discontinuity), presence of linguistic and textual inexperience of the writers, also connected to some difficulties on recommended directrix to write a scientific text, some occurrences that has not affected the meaningfulness of the text, neither the maintenance of blocks and theme segments responsible for the text planning and for the guarantee of its communicability.

L’objet de cette étude est de définir et de préciser les caractéristiques des déplacements de sites dans l’archipel des Cyclades, entre le XIIe siècle et le VIIIe siècle av. n. è. Les quelques études existantes, parfois contradictoires, émettent l’hypothèse que les déplacements se déroulent en trois étapes : un site est abandonné, la communauté se déplace et choisit un nouveau site non loin du premier pour établir un habitat, des lieux de sépulture et des lieux de culte. La validité de ce schéma doit être vérifiée. L’étude établit tout d’abord un bilan du peuplement pour chacune des trente-deux îles retenues. Les sites abandonnés et les sites nouvellement occupés sont répertoriés afin de révéler des discontinuités d’occupation. Des déplacements de sites sont proposés, à titre d’hypothèse. Il est tenu compte du fait que les interprétations sont fondées sur des données matérielles. Les conclusions se révèlent fragiles mais sont fréquemment semblables d’une île à l’autre : les déplacements de sites sont une forme de mobilité spatiale attestée mais dont la mise en œuvre et les facteurs se révèlent plus complexes qu’il ne l’avait été suggéré. Leurs caractéristiques varient aussi en fonction de la période considérée : il faut sans doute envisager une circulation accrue des communautés entre de multiples sites au cours de l’HR IIIC, et non un abandon généralisé des Cyclades ; à partir de la fin du Xe siècle et au cours du Géométrique, les déplacements de sites sont de plus en plus partiels et rares. Cette étude tente de modéliser une forme de mobilité spatiale, ce qui permet de mieux appréhender l’organisation sociale des communautés, objet d’étude central pour cette période. / This doctoral thesis aims at defining and establishing the main characteristics of site relocations, which took place in the Cyclades from the 12th to the 8th centuries BCE. According to scholars who have addressed this form of human mobility and drawn contrasting conclusions, site relocation is a three-stage process: a settlement along with its burial sites and cult places are abandoned, its community moves away and resettles a short distance away, on the very same island. This pattern is placed under scrutiny. First, data is collected in order to describe the islands’ settlement patterns over the period. Abandoned sites and newly occupied sites are recorded; settlement discontinuities are highlighted. Some hypothetical instances of site relocations are suggested. Conclusions are all the more tenuous as they derive from the analysis of artefacts. However, the thirty-two islands that have been investigated seem to follow about the same patterns: site relocation is indeed a relevant notion. Yet, this type of human spatial mobility appears to be far more complex than originally believed, notably in terms of planning and factors. The time span is divided into the LH IIIC, Protogeometric and Geometric periods and site relocation’s definition varies accordingly. Communities probably moved from site to site in the LH IIIC period: the Cyclades were not altogether abandoned. From the 10th century onwards, including the Geometric period, site relocations grew rare or were not completed. This dissertation tentatively models a category of human mobility while trying to offer some insight into the social organisation of communities, which remains a focus of scholarly attention.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento espaço-temporal das variáveis limnológicas, no Ribeirão Bonito (SP) a fim de avaliar a descontinuidade ocasionada pelas fontes poluidoras e o processo de autodepuração. Para tanto, foram determinadas variáveis físico-químicas, biológicas, climatológicas e hidrológicas, no eixo longitudinal do rio e utilizado como ferramenta para diferentes cenários de simulações das concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, o modelo QUAL2E. Foi possível observar, que muitas das variáveis limnológicas estudadas no Ribeirão Bonito sofrem \"descontinuidades\" devido à entrada de esgoto. As concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido têm um gradiente positivo da nascente até a estação 4, sofrendo uma descontinuidade após a estação 6 onde detecta-se o primeiro lançamento de esgoto. O comportamento dessa variável após a entrada de esgoto foi distinto nos dois períodos estudados. As análises de \"Cluster\" e PCA (Análise dos Componentes Principais), realizadas com as médias das variáveis limnológicas, distinguiram diferentes grupos no perfil longitudinal do ribeirão Bonito. Essa distinção pode ser atribuída às já citadas entradas de efluentes e também em decorrência da presença do tributário do Curtume. Pode-se constatar que mesmo com o auxílio natural do processo de autodepuração, muitas das variáveis estudadas não se enquadram aos padrões do corpo receptor conforme previsto pela resolução número 20/86 do CONAMA, sugerindo assim, neste trabalho, um grau de tratamento dos efluentes para que estes padrões sejam respeitados. / The objective of the present paper is to study the spatial-temporal behaviour of the limnological variables, in Bonito stream (SP), in order to evaluate the discontinuity occasioned by the sources of pollution and the self-cleaning process. To this effect, a survey was made to determine the physical-chemical, biological, climatological and hydrological variables in the longitudinal axis of the river and which utilized the QUAL2E model as a tool for simulating the concentrations of dissolved oxygen under different scenarios. It was possible to observe that many of the limnological variables studied in the Bonito rivulet suffer \"discontinuities\" due the entry of sewage. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen show a positive gradient from the source of the watercourse until station 4, and suffer a discontinuity after station 6, where the first discharge of sewage begins. The behaviour of this variable after the entry of sewage differed during the two periods studied. Furthermore, the \"Cluster\" and PCA (Principal Component Analyses) carried out upon the averages of the limnological variables distinguished different groups in the longitudinal profile of the Bonito rivulet. This distinction can be attributed to the above-mentioned entries of effluents and also resulting from the presence of the Curtume tributary. It can be verified that even with the natural assistance of the self-cleaning process, many of the variables studied fail to meet the standards of the receiving body, as stipulated by the CONAMA resolution number 20/86, in view of which, the present study suggests a degree of effluent treatment in order for these standards to be respected.

Cette thèse évalue l'impact économique des politiques de qualité liée à l'origine en mobilisant des méthodes d'évaluation que nous adaptons à la spécificité des démarches de certification, notamment à leur dimension spatiale. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l'effet de l'adoption d’une Appellation d’Origine Protégée (AOP) sur le prix ainsi que sur les coûts de production des producteurs de lait AOP en Franche-Comté, en exploitant la discontinuité géographique à la frontière (Geographic Regression Discontinuity). Dans un second temps, nous utilisons les méthodes d'appariement statistique pour analyser les hétérogénéités régionales en termes de prix et de coûts de production entre les régions Auvergne, Rhône-Alpes et Franche-Comté avant de nous intéresser aux effets à une échelle nationale. Enfin, nous évaluons l'effet de l'adoption d'une Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP) sur les prix payés aux producteurs de Café de Colombie à l'aide des méthodes comparatives (synthetic control methods). En moyenne, les résultats montrent un effet positif de l'adoption de l'indication géographique sur la performance économique des exploitations. Cependant, cet effet est hétérogène entre les filières et les régions d'origine des produits. / This thesis evaluates the economic impact of quality-related-to-origin policies using evaluation methods adapted to the specificity of such certifications, in particular, the spatial dimension. First, we analyze the effect of a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) adoption on price and production costs of PDO milk producers in Franche-Comté using a Geographic Regression Discontinuity (GRD) design. Secondly, we use propensity matching methods to analyze regional heterogeneity in Auvergne, Rhône-Alpes, and Franche-Comté before focusing on the effect of the PDO adoption at a national level. Finally, we evaluate the effect of the adoption of a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) on prices paid to Colombian coffee producers using synthetic control methods. Overall, we find that PDO and/or PGI adoption is associated with positive effects on farmers' economic performances. However, these effects are not homogeneously distributed.

Semblable à un véritable musée portable, cette ‘boîte en valise’ découpe des figurines, morcelle les lectures, arrache des pages entières d’une histoire de l’art racontée dans les livres. Si l’objet de l’histoire de l’art est établi une fois pour toutes, nous cherchons à arrêter ce mouvement perpétuel qui auratise l’œuvre d’art puis son discours. Nous lisons des livres d’histoire de l’art en guise de parcours dans de vastes galeries anachroniques, arrachés de tout emplacement physique et repliés dans des pages de livres. Nous sommes des historiens d’art qui travaillent avec des images de reproduction technique, des clichés photographiques qui ont perdu leurs couleurs, qui ont délaissé sur la légende le poids de la taille et le lieu d’emplacement. À plusieurs égards, l’œuvre d’art reste en suspens : inlassablement auratisée par le récit, elle demeure éloignée. C’est dans le double éloignement de l’œuvre d’art que nous déployons notre objectif de travail : il s’agit d’une part d’ouvrir et de déceler les stratégies du récit historiographique lors du tissage discursif où l’art latino-américain est inscrit. D’autre part, il est question d’exposer l’échafaudage du récit où les images de reproduction technique, très loin d’illustrer ou de démontrer l’explication, désamorcent la continuité du récit. Alors, si le papier supporte l’étude historique, c’est sur la même surface où les images de reproduction des œuvres d’art démontent l’explication pour montrer, pour exposer, la cassure dans le discours historique. L’effet de charriage qui emporte l’explication en tant que guide de toute démonstration se défait avec l’utilisation des images de reproduction. Autrement dit, les images de reproduction ouvrent les pages de livres vers d’autres directions ; elles montrent, démontrent et démontent toute explication du récit historiographique. / As a real “portable museum” this “box in a valise” cuts images, bites readings and rips the pages of Art history books. If the subject of Art history is finally established, we want to stop this perpetual movement that auratizes the work of art and its discourse. We read Art history books as if we were in a race throughout large anachronic galleries ripped from any physical location and placed in book pages. It is we, art historians who work with images reproduced by means of technology, photographic clichés that have lost their colour and have left to the legend the weight of size and place. In many ways the work of art rests in suspense, tireslessly auratized by the narrative it remains absent. It is in this double absence that we display the object of our work, on the one hand we attempt to open and identify the strategies of the historiographical narrative and then the discursive tissue where Latin American art is inscribed. On the other hand we will attempt to expose the historical framework where the images technically reproduced are far from illustrate or explain and instead break the continuity of the narrative. So, if the paper supports the historical study it is on this same ground where the images reproducing works of art dismantle the explanation to show and to expose the fracture of the historical discourse. The effect of thrust that carries an explanation as a guide for any demonstration is defeated with the use of images of reproduction. In other words, the images of reproduction open the pages of books towards other directions; they show, demonstrate and dismantle any explanation of the historiographical narrative.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Arruda Grostein.pdf: 368022 bytes, checksum: 1c35d0ca90bbf5edd0a6beaa6430c6fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-27 / The following research aims to find in the text Science and Truth, by Jacques Lacan, published in 1966, the arguments with which he justifies the scientific vocation of psychoanalysis and most importantly, shows that it is located in the field of science through the subject. Searching beyond this, to analyze if these justifications are consistent and to identify through which elements they are supported. The investigation is divided into three parts, which correspond to the three chapters of the dissertation, which have the following focus: The subject of science, the object of psychoanalysis and the scientific vocation of psychoanalysis. To bring together science and psychoanalysis, Lacan, in the main text, refuses to include psychoanalysis in the area of human science. Considering this, the research aims to find, through the study of the criticism completed by Lacan, of man as the subject of science, the debate with psychology, implicit in the text. The argument that there is equality between the subject of science and the Freudian unconscious is another focus of this research. Searching to identify the consistency of this argument through the Freudian references that Lacan is examining in the main text. Concluding that psychoanalysis had, and still has, as in Lacan s view, to face two big challenges to be included in the scientific field: the first has to do with the question of the object and the second deals with the differentiation between psychoanalyses and psychology, that the latter seeks to include the first in its set, since it claims for a unity in its field of knowledge / A presente pesquisa visa a localizar no texto A Ciência e a Verdade, de Jacques Lacan, publicado em 1966, os argumentos com que ele justifica a vocação científica da psicanálise, e, principalmente, mostra que esta se insere no campo da ciência por meio do sujeito. Procurando, além disso, analisar se essas justificativas são consistentes e em que elementos se apoiam. A investigação está dividida em três partes, que correspondem a três capítulos da Dissertação, as quais têm os seguintes focos: o sujeito da ciência, o objeto da psicanálise e a vocação científica da psicanálise. Para aproximar a psicanálise da ciência, Lacan, no texto base, recusa, no entanto, incluir a psicanálise no bojo das ciências humanas. Em face disso, este trabalho objetiva encontrar, mediante o estudo da crítica, empreendida por Lacan, ao homem como objeto da ciência, o debate com a psicologia, implícito no texto. O argumento de que há equivalência entre o sujeito da ciência e o inconsciente freudiano é outro foco desta pesquisa. Buscar-se-á identificar, na leitura das referências freudianas apresentadas por Lacan no texto base, a coerência desta argumentação. Chega-se à conclusão de que a psicanálise tinha, e continua tendo, como na visão de Lacan, de enfrentar dois grandes obstáculos para localizar-se no campo científico: o primeiro, dizendo respeito ao debate, que se dá, em seus termos próprios, na ciência, sobre a questão do objeto, e o segundo, acerca da diferenciação em relação à psicologia, que visa a incluí-la em seu conjunto, na medida em que busca a unidade enquanto campo do saber

Cette thèse examine et discute la notion de dispositif telle qu'elle a émergé au sein de la philosophie française contemporaine, principalement dans les œuvres de Michel Foucault et Gilles Deleuze. Son intention est critiquer l'association en architecture du structurel et du structural et de proposer une pratique architecturale moins vouée aux agencements de milieux qu'ouverte à des situations de liberté. Pour cela, elle étudie les notions de forme et de fonction en architecture à partir d'un raisonnement d'ordre philosophique sur le « matériau». Trois temps d'une possible histoire en la matière sont envisagés. Dans le premier et le deuxième, consacrés pour l'un au béton, pour l'autre aux matériaux dits « intelligents », l'architecture apparaît dans sa liaison à un mode de l'industrie et à une économie du travail. Dans le troisième, il est montré comment mise en scène et fiction peuvent être parties prenantes d'un traitement en dispositif des matériaux. On peut ensuite sur cette base envisager d'une part de dépouiller la notion de forme de nombre de sens de nature plutôt fonctionnelle, d'autre part de mettre en tension la lecture de Michel Foucault proposée par Giorgio Agamben et de nuancer les concepts et suggestions que cette lecture implique, notamment du côté de l'économie. Tout ce travail est indissociablement architectural et philosophique. Son enjeu est d'établir le caractère essentiel, pour l'un comme pour l'autre domaine de la pensée, d'une notion de forme sans but ou de « forme pour rien ». À cette notion peut correspondre une architecture du « discontinu » dont les matériaux ne s'accordent ni à la structure ni au pouvoir des dispositifs. / This Ph.D thesis examines and discusses the notion of dispositif (device) such as it emerged within the contemporary French philosophy, mainly in Michel Foucault's and Gilles Deleuze's works. Its intention is to criticize the association in architecture of the structural and the organization, to propose an architectural practice less dedicated to the assemblages of environments, but which facilitates situations of freedom. For that purpose, this thesis studies the notions of form and function in architecture from a philosophical order reasoning on the "material". Three moments of a possible history on the material are considered. In the first two moments, dedicated to the concrete, and "small" materials respectively, architecture appears in its connection to a mode of the industry and to a labor economy. In the third moment, it is shown how the staging and fiction can contribute to transforming materials into dispositifs. On this base, we move, on the one hand, to strip the notion of form from the functional significations that surround it, while on the other hand, we put in tension Michel Foucault's reading proposed by Giorgio Agamben, putting into context the concepts and the suggestions implied in it, in regards to economy. Ali this work is indissociably architectural and philosophical. Its purpose is to establish the essential character, for both demains of thought, of the notion of an aimless form or "form for nothing ". This notion can be related to an architecture of the "discontinuity" whose materials are neither in harmony with the structure nor the power of the dispositifs.