The purpose of this study is to examine the role of form-focused instruction in relation to learner investment in second language (L2) communication and learning. Although positive effects of form-focused instruction have been reported in the instructed second language acquisition literature, most of this research has been conducted from a cognitive-interactionist perspective. Little attention has been paid to the social and cultural factors of form-focused instruction, including learner investment— a desire to learn a second/foreign language taking into consideration learners’ socially constructed identities (Norton-Peirce, 1995). Drawing on second language socialization theory (Duff, 2007) and using discursive practices (Young, 2009) as an analytic framework, this study examines how form-focused instruction influences learner investment in L2 communication in the classroom setting. Twenty-four high school students in Japan participated in a study, where two Japanese teachers of English team-taught four 50-minute lessons. Each lesson contained a 30-minute treatment period, which consisted of a 15-minute exclusively meaning-focused (MF) activity and a 15-minute form-focused (FF) activity that included attention to both form and meaning. By counter-balancing effects of tasks, target grammar features, and teachers, the study examined whether and how the same learners invested in L2 communication in similar or different ways during the two different types of activities. Data were collected through classroom observations, video-recorded classroom interactions, stimulated recalls, interviews, questionnaires, and diaries. The interactional data were analyzed quantitatively by comparing the frequency of turns and language-related episodes during FF and MF activities. The same interactional data were also analyzed qualitatively in relation to discursive practices and self-reported data. The results showed that the FF activities created contexts for learners to establish their identities as L2 learners leading to more engagement in L2 communication than in the MF activities. This suggests that FF activities create a social context that enables learners to communicate in the L2 with greater investment than in MF activities.

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of form-focused instruction in relation to learner investment in second language (L2) communication and learning. Although positive effects of form-focused instruction have been reported in the instructed second language acquisition literature, most of this research has been conducted from a cognitive-interactionist perspective. Little attention has been paid to the social and cultural factors of form-focused instruction, including learner investment— a desire to learn a second/foreign language taking into consideration learners’ socially constructed identities (Norton-Peirce, 1995). Drawing on second language socialization theory (Duff, 2007) and using discursive practices (Young, 2009) as an analytic framework, this study examines how form-focused instruction influences learner investment in L2 communication in the classroom setting. Twenty-four high school students in Japan participated in a study, where two Japanese teachers of English team-taught four 50-minute lessons. Each lesson contained a 30-minute treatment period, which consisted of a 15-minute exclusively meaning-focused (MF) activity and a 15-minute form-focused (FF) activity that included attention to both form and meaning. By counter-balancing effects of tasks, target grammar features, and teachers, the study examined whether and how the same learners invested in L2 communication in similar or different ways during the two different types of activities. Data were collected through classroom observations, video-recorded classroom interactions, stimulated recalls, interviews, questionnaires, and diaries. The interactional data were analyzed quantitatively by comparing the frequency of turns and language-related episodes during FF and MF activities. The same interactional data were also analyzed qualitatively in relation to discursive practices and self-reported data. The results showed that the FF activities created contexts for learners to establish their identities as L2 learners leading to more engagement in L2 communication than in the MF activities. This suggests that FF activities create a social context that enables learners to communicate in the L2 with greater investment than in MF activities.

This research examined the production of drug prevention concept in the brazilian academic literature. The choice of theme drug prevention is justified for being a controversial, paradoxical theme present in daily life and in the media headlines. This is a bibliographic search that was produced from a database in the Virtual Health Library (VHL). In this database were selected eighty (80) national references with the theme drug prevention, which were analyzed from the theoretical and methodological framework of discursive practices and production of meanings. For methodological discussion we used analyses frames as visualization strategy of the identified references, with the intention to help identifying formal aspects of linguistic construction and language repertoires and also to help on discussion of the production of meaning. The repertory language are the basic units of discourse analysis, vocabulary, expressions, figures of speech, defined as fluid, flexible organizations working to differentiate content and processes in speeches. The theorical discussion about drug prevention were done from the ideia of risk presented by Spink and Castiel also from the concept of health/disease and normal/patologic by Canguilhem. The study concludes that drugs prevention appears in academic literature associated with avoidance to risk, whit terms like protective factors and risk factors among people that use drugs, but the literature presentsno concepts of what prevention or drug prevention is. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa analisou a produção do conceito prevenção às drogas na da literatura acadêmica brasileira. A escolha do tema prevenção às drogas justificou-se por ser de caráter polêmico, paradoxal, presente no cotidiano e nas manchetes midiáticas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica cujo campo foi produzido no banco de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Nesta base de dados foram selecionadas 80 (oitenta) referências nacionais com o tema Prevenção às Drogas, as quais foram analisadas a partir do referencial teórico-metodológico das práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos. Para a discussão metodológica foram utilizados os quadros de análise, com o objetivo de organizar a constituição do campo bem como auxiliar na identificação dos aspectos formais dos Repertórios Linguísticos. Os Repertórios Linguísticos são as unidades básicas de análise do discurso, composto por vocábulos, expressões, figuras de linguagem que atuam para diferenciar conteúdos e processos nos discursos. A discussão teórica sobre prevenção às drogas foi feita a partir da ideia de risco trazida por Spink e Castiel e dos conceitos de saúde/doença, normal/patológico através de Canguilhem. Conclui-se que a prevenção às drogas aparece na literatura acadêmica como sinônimo de estratégias/programas de evitação derisco de usar drogas ou contrair doenças entretanto não apresenta conceitos sobre prevenção ou prevenção as drogas.

Submitted by Luiz Carlos Leal Junior (jhcleal@gmail.com) on 2018-09-20T02:45:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-merged.pdf: 3471711 bytes, checksum: fe5869f22f40e81b431c89e95dda7c88 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br), reason: Prezado Luiz Carlos, O documento enviado para a coleção Campus Unesp Rio Claro foi recusado pelo(s) seguinte(s) motivo(s): - Capa: Falta o ano de defesa (Página desconfigurada. Ano foi para a página seguinte). - Página de rosto: está sem Cidade e sem Ano de defesa ao final da página - Folha de aprovação está incompleta (Norma ABNT NBR 14724). Faltam os dados obrigatórios de: natureza (tese); nome da instituição à qual o trabalho é apresentado, indicando o título pretendido (mestre, doutor, bacharel, especialista etc). E também constar a informação "APROVADO" (deve ser solicitada à Seção de Pós-Graduação e deve ser inserida após a ficha catalográfica). - Agradecimentos: A Portaria nº 206, de 04/09/2018 Dispõe sobre obrigatoriedade de citação da CAPES nos agradecimentos da seguinte forma: "Art. 3º Deverão ser usadas as seguintes expressões, no idioma do trabalho: "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001" Agradecemos a compreensão e aguardamos o envio do novo arquivo. Atenciosamente, Biblioteca Campus Rio Claro Repositório Institucional UNESP https://repositorio.unesp.br on 2018-09-20T17:38:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by Luiz Carlos Leal Junior (jhcleal@gmail.com) on 2018-09-21T02:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 3603529 bytes, checksum: 9817094ff93cb248e58c8c43adc1d2ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-09-21T13:10:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lealjunior_lc_dr_rcla.pdf: 3603529 bytes, checksum: 9817094ff93cb248e58c8c43adc1d2ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T13:10:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lealjunior_lc_dr_rcla.pdf: 3603529 bytes, checksum: 9817094ff93cb248e58c8c43adc1d2ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Práticas de Resolução de Problemas são problematizadas nesta pesquisa na forma de uma tessitura. Elas estão articuladas em torno de um estudo analítico acerca do tema Resolução de Problemas e de seus pressupostos filosóficos. Considerando-se a falta de explicitação e objetivação destes pressupostos teórico-filosóficos que amparam práticas em Resolução de Problemas, objetiva-se realizar um estudo analítico acerca dos discursos que permeiam, engendram, potencializam e põem em funcionamento práticas, teorias, teorizações e outros discursos sobre a Resolução de Problemas tanto no cenário nacional quanto internacional. Para tanto, procedemos a análise do discurso, pautada pela arqueogenealogia de Michel Foucault enquanto uma caixa de ferramentas, para compor uma análise com o corpus desta pesquisa, que consiste em entrevistas, questionários, artigos, livros, teses, dissertações e demais materiais acadêmicos. Uma questão diretriz a ser trabalhada nessa tessitura é: Como e quais pressupostos filosóficos operam, tessem ou põem em funcionamento discursos presentes nas pesquisas em Resolução de Problemas? Bem como seus desdobramentos sobre práticas discursivas relacionadas ao tema. Desse modo, observamos que há momentos, movimentos, práticas e discursos que possuem uma fundamentação teórica bastante consistente com os pressupostos filosóficos que lhes dão suporte. Por outro lado, há aqueles que não têm preocupações críveis com a teoria, residindo na práxis enquanto eixo estruturador de suas práticas em Resolução de Problemas. Há situações em que a Resolução de Problemas aproxima-se da égide de uma metodologia, enquanto que, em outro panorama, ela pode ser concebida como algo mais amplo e complexo, que visa dar conta de campos, elementos e conceitos problemáticos como: sujeito, objeto (matemático), sociedade, Educação Matemática, fazer e/ou ter ciência, valores, conhecimento (matemático), pedagogia, didática, enfim, uma gama de assuntos podem ser trabalhados sob essa perspectiva, aproximando-a de uma Filosofia da Educação Matemática. Isso permite inferir de alguma forma que, para entender-se a Resolução de Problemas, com seus princípios, bases e propostas de pesquisa educativa e educacional, faz-se extremamente necessário entender-se seus pressupostos teóricos, pois são eles que lhe darão o tom de algo restrito ou amplo, uma metodologia ou uma filosofia. Contudo, tal concepção será sempre local e regional, sendo ela validada e legitimada pela comunidade que a pratica. / Problem Solving practices are problematized in this research in the form of a “tessiture” . They are articulated around an analytical study on the subject of Problem Solving and its philosophical tenants. Considering the lack of conceptual understanding of the theoretical - philosophical presuppositions that bear on practices in Problem Solving, we aim to carry out an analytical study of the discourses th at permeate, engender and potentiate elements as: practices , theories, theorizations and other discourses on Problem Solving both on the national and international scene , besides running them . In order to do so, we proceeded to Michel Foucault’s discourse analysis based on archaeogenealogy, as a tool box, to compose an analysis with the corpus of this research, which consists of interviews, questionnaires, articles, books, theses, dissertations and other academic materials. A guiding question to be addressed in this “ tessiture” is: How and which philosophical presuppositions work or running discourses present in the researches in Problem Solving? As well as its implications on discursive practices related to the theme. Thus, we observe that there are moments, movements, practices and discourses that have a theoretical foundation very consistent with the philosophical tenants that support them. On the other hand, there are those who do not have credible concerns with theory, residing in praxis as the structuring axis of their practices in Problem Solving. There are situations in which Problem Solving fits into the aegis of a methodology . In another scenario , it can be conceived as something broader and more complex, which aims to deal with problematic fields, elements and concepts such as subject, mathematical objects, pedagogy, mathematical knowledge, society, didactics, finally, a range of subjects can be worked from this perspective, approaching it of a Philosophy of Mathematics Education. This allows us to infer, in some way, that in order to understand Problem Solving with its principles, bases and proposals for research, educational and educative practice , it is extremely necessary to understand its theoretical presuppositions, because that will give the tone of something restricted or broad, a methodology or a philosophy. However, such a conception will always be local and regional, being validated and legitimized by the community that practices it.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to increase understanding of discursive practices in organizational change. By approaching organizational change as a social construction, this dissertation examines how discursive practices are involved in organizational change through a qualitative case study. Current organizational literature demonstrates a discursive turn in which negotiation, interactive meaning creation and tension exploitation through discursive struggles characterize the execution of organizational change. Compared to earlier decades, when change was treated rather mechanistically as a process to be executed in controllable phases, the discursive approach is more capable of examining the social aspects of organizational change in practice. Despite the recent tendency to study change within organizations through the lenses of social constructionism and social constructivism, few scholars have approached discourse directly through practice in the context of organizational change. This study examines aspects that are often taken for granted, such as talk. Discursive practices in organizational change are analysed with a case study method through the practice lens, which views practice as a combination of change practices, change praxis and change practitioners. The narrative analysis of this research in the context of a public university hospital indicates that discursive practices play a role in organizational change through discourse phronesis, the context-dependent practical wisdom of talk, and more specifically through the discursive practices that apply discourse phronesis. Four examples of discursive practices were identified in the case study: field practices, mandate practices, priority practices and word practices. In addition, the agency of the strategy text in translating change was analysed, with the conclusion that while a strategy text is material in nature, it is also a discursive practice which reflects collective identities and their power positions during and as the result of organizational change. The study also suggests that permanent tensions in an organization can be harnessed for the benefit of change through discourse. The dynamic contradiction between permanent tensions and change in an organization is termed the renewal paradox. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä diskursiivisista käytännöistä organisaation muutoksessa. Väitöskirjassa lähestytään organisaation muutosta sosiaalisena konstruktiona ja tutkitaan laadullisen case-tutkimuksen avulla, kuinka diskursiiviset käytännöt liittyvät organisaation muutokseen. Organisaatiomuutoskirjallisuudessa on tällä hetkellä nähtävissä diskursiivinen vaihe, jossa neuvottelu, vuorovaikutteinen ymmärryksen rakentuminen ja jännitteiden hyödyntäminen keskustelullisten mittelöiden kautta luonnehtivat organisaation muutoksen toimeenpanoa. Verrattuna aiempiin vuosikymmeniin, jolloin muutoksen toteutusta lähestyttiin melko mekaanisesti kontrolloitavien vaiheiden kautta, diskursiivinen lähestymistapa kykenee tutkimaan paremmin organisaatiomuutoskäytäntöjen sosiaalista luonnetta. Huolimatta viimeaikaisesta kehityksestä tutkia muutosta organisaatiossa sosiaalisen konstruktionismin ja sosiaalisen konstruktivismin kautta, harvat tutkijat ovat suoraan lähestyneet diskursiota käytänteiden kautta oganisaatiomuutoksen kontekstissa. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee sellaista, mikä joskus otetaan itsestäänselvyytenä, kuten puhetta. Diskursiivisia käytäntöjä organisaatiomuutoksessa analysoidaan case-tutkimusmetodilla käyttämällä käytäntönäkökulmaa, jossa käytäntö nähdään yhdistelmänä muutoskäytäntöjä, muutoksen toteutumista ja muutoksessa toimijoita. Tämän tutkimuksen narratiivinen analyysi julkisen yliopistosairaalan kontekstissa ehdottaa, että diskursiiviset käytännöt liittyvät organisaation muutokseen diskurssin phronesiksen, kontekstiriippuvaisen käytännöllisen puheen tietämyksen, kautta ja erityisesti diskurssin phronesista käyttävien diskursiivisten käytäntöjen kautta. Case-tutkimuksesta tunnistettiin neljä esimerkkiä diskursiivisista käytännöistä: alan käytännöt, mandaattikäytännöt, priorisointikäytännöt ja sanakäytännöt. Lisäksi tutkittiin strategiatekstin roolia muutoksen tulkitsijana todeten, että vaikka strategiateksti on luonteeltaan materialistinen, se on myös diskursiivinen käytäntö, joka reflektoi kollektiivisia identiteettejä ja niiden välisiä valtasuhteita organisaatiomuutoksen aikana ja tuloksena. Tutkimuksessa myös ehdotetaan, että organisaation pysyviä jännitteitä voidaan hyödyntää organisaatiomuutoksen hyväksi diskurssin avulla. Organisaation pysyvien jännitteiden ja muutoksen välinen dynaaminen vastakkainasettelu on nimetty uudistumisen paradoksiksi.

The Republic of Moldova is a relatively new state in Eastern Europe, formed as an independent country in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union. While nation branding efforts in Moldova are still in their infancy, the country’s tensioned historical legacy, divided identity and current discursive struggles make it a valuable, albeit highly unexplored subject for nation branding research. This study draws of a transdisciplinary integrative approach to analyze the ways in which a governmental institution, Invest Moldova Agency, constructs and communicates the nation brand. The aim, as highlighted in the research question, was to identify the discourses employed by the government in the process of nation branding and their relationship to national identity, society, and social practice. Theoretically, the study is informed by Critical Discourse Analysis and Keith Dinnie’s Category flow model of nation branding. Methodologically, I use Fairclough’s three-tier CDA model, additionally employing Multimodal CDA to extend my analysis to include visual alongside textual content. The qualitative study uses Facebook posts, official documents, and an in-depth interview as data. The findings show that discursive strategies on nation branding either focus on national identity or on the practice itself, and they are consistently shaping and being shaped by social practices. Moreover, five discourse categories were identified: critical, accountability, transformative, assessment, and cultural discourses, each of them responsible for creating a specific reality.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Germani de Oliveira.pdf: 1227233 bytes, checksum: 5188c347449785f9e5ddc71dc9c827c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present paper report investigates the hypothesis of an association between the language experiences of a child has along family environment (here also considering influence from kindergarten school) and the development of a mental state comprehension. This experiment questions what effects an intervention program with mothers, which aims to orient them to use mental state explanatory language (their own mental state and others) causes on a mind theory development on children from 3,6 years old to 4 years old, both boys and girls. The research occurred in two local kindergarten schools from Itajaí city (SC). About 40 motherschild pairs participated in the study where 20 of them were the experimental group (GE) and the others 20 pairs were the control group (GC). This almost-experimental research type was divided into three parts: a) Pre-test: the five first tasks from the mind theory study of Wellman and Liu (2004) studies were applied to the children and only the ones who did not reached the right answers to the fifth question of false believe attribution participated in the study. The mothers were asked to tell a story to their child participating on the research. b) Experimental intervention aiming to orient the mothers to use verbs and other mental terms to narrate stories which consisted of characters mental state attribution and comprehension, including desire, intention and others believes attribution. The training lasted four sessions, one session a week. Mothers from the control group were guided to narrate the same stories with no specific orientation of how to do it. Each week the researcher met the mother for an interview about the instructions given on the previous week. The mother was told to keep the book story during a week and she was oriented to try a verbal interaction with her child, repeating the same story always emphasizing mental states c) Post-Test: after a week from the intervention, the children were evaluated using the same five tasks from mind theory study. Again, the mothers were asked to tell the child a story, using the same book story previously used in the pre-test phase. The results presented that language causes a strong effect on the development of mind theory in children and on the experimental group these effects were significantly more present where mothers were asked to use verbs and other mental terms. Post-test phase showed that children from both groups (GE) and (GC) made progress on mental state comprehension however children from (GE) did it better especially on the false believe task. Therefore, these results support the hypotheses that lead to an existence of a relation between the ability to attribute mental state and language development. It also leads for the fact that conversation between mother-child pairs made it possible to develop the ability of comprehending and attributing mental but the use of mental terms on purpose the way it was done on the (GE), sure causes more effect and benefits the performance in false believe tasks / O presente estudo verificou a hipótese de uma associação entre as experiências de linguagem que a criança possui no meio familiar (considerando também as influências na escola de educação infantil) e o desenvolvimento da compreensão de estados mentais. Pergunta-se que efeitos um programa de intervenção com as mães, visando orientá-las no uso de linguagem explicativa de estados mentais (próprios e alheios), produz no desenvolvimento de uma teoria da mente, em crianças de 3 anos e 6 meses a 4 anos, de ambos os sexos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas instituições escolares de educação infantil, localizadas no município de Itajaí (SC). Participaram 40 díades mãe-criança, sendo 20 designadas para compor o grupo experimental (GE) e 20 para compor o grupo controle (GC). A pesquisa, de tipo quaseexperimental, foi desenvolvida em três fases. a) Pré-teste: foram aplicadas as cinco primeiras tarefas de teoria da mente do estudo de Wellman e Liu (2004) e só participaram do estudo as crianças que não deram resposta correta à quinta tarefa, de atribuição de crença falsa. As mães foram solicitadas a contar uma história para o(a) seu(sua) filho(a) participante da pesquisa. b) Intervenção experimental com o objetivo de orientar as mães para que utilizassem verbos e outros termos mentais para narrar histórias que envolviam compreensão e atribuição de estados mentais aos personagens, incluindo desejos, intenções e atribuição de crença ao outro. Foram realizadas 4 sessões de treinamento, uma por semana. As mães do grupo controle foram orientadas a narrar as mesmas histórias, sem orientação específica sobre o modo de fazê-lo. Cada semana o pesquisador teve um encontro com a mãe, onde fez uma entrevista com ela, sobre as atividades relacionadas às instruções dadas durante a semana anterior. A mãe ficava com o livro de história durante a semana e foi orientada a exercitar a interação verbal com a criança, contando a mesma história, sempre ressaltando os estados mentais. c) Pós-teste: após uma semana da intervenção, as crianças foram avaliadas, por meio da aplicação das mesmas cinco tarefas de teoria da mente. As mães foram solicitadas novamente a contar uma história para a criança. Foi utilizado o mesmo livro de história do pré-teste. Os resultados mostraram um forte efeito da linguagem, sobre o desenvolvimento da teoria da mente nas crianças, sendo esse efeito maior no grupo experimental, em que as mães foram orientadas a utilizar verbos e termos mentais. No pós-teste as crianças dos dois grupos mostraram progressos na compreensão de estados mentais, mas as do grupo experimental progrediram mais. E seu desempenho foi significativamente melhor nas tarefas de crença falsa. Esses resultados dão sustentação à hipótese de uma relação entre habilidade de atribuição de estados mentais e desenvolvimento da linguagem. Mostraram que as conversações realizadas entre as díades mãe-criança possibilitaram o desenvolvimento da habilidade de compreender e atribuir estados mentais, mas que o uso intencional de termos mentais, nas condições do grupo experimental, produz maiores efeitos e favorece o desempenho nas tarefas de crença falsa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosileia Aparecida Borim.pdf: 1741576 bytes, checksum: 84615f4590f0ea2ace29eb5101304af1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Impelled by the advent of globalization, particularly since the 90 s, the companies, to survive in a competitive globalized market, developed a new profile of the ideal employee, having the necessary competence, that is, skills and the specific knowledge, to be accepted in the present work market. What is this profile like? What does competence mean? In order to answer this question, we collected the discourses circulating in the segments related to people management, therefore, the magazine MELHOR Gestão de Pessoas , specialized in People Management, published by the Brazilian Association of Human Resources (ABRH). By the theoretical point of view, our research is based on the principles of Dominique Maingueneau in Genèses du discours (1984/2005), in which Maingueneau considers the discourse as a system of global restrictions/coercion, anchored on the principle of primacy of interdiscourse. The present research is also based on the concepts of ethos, scenography, discursive practice and intersemiotic practice. The analyzes have shown the MELHOR - Gestão de Pessoas is in line with a discursive formation which stimulates companies to have employees holding several different characteristics: They have to be bright, flexible, confident, brave, versatile, talented and with a communicative style; they should act with responsibility, commitment and cooperatively; they should be able to face challenges, leader teams; master processes, influence and promote changes and they should have an entrepreneur attitude, strategic view and market view, and also, they should act prudently focusing on the client. In order to assess these competences, assessment procedures and standards were implemented, mainly by computer programs; that promise not only to find the ideal employee, but also to measure , classify and adjust people to the tasks and to the objectives of the company. And it will all be achieved on a time where the term long term does not belong. To dialogue with this discourse, we based on Ergology (1998, 2000, 2010), more precisely on the discussion proposed by Schwartz about what he called the ingredients of competence, an exercise necessary to solve an unsolvable question . That is a counter-discourse to the ongoing hegemonic discourses / Impulsionadas pelo advento da globalização, sobretudo a partir da década de 90, as empresas, para competir e sobreviver no mercado globalizado, passam a idealizar um novo perfil de funcionário que tenha a competência necessária, isto é, aptidões e conhecimentos diferenciados, para se inserir no atual mercado de trabalho. Que perfil é esse? Afinal, o que se entende por competência? Para responder a essa questão, fomos em busca dos discursos que circulam nos setores voltados para a gestão de pessoas, portanto, na revista MELHOR Gestão de Pessoas, publicação especializada em Gestão de Pessoas, mantida pela Associação Brasileira de Recursos Humanos (ABRH). Do ponto de vista teórico, recorremos aos princípios expostos por Dominique Maingueneau em Gênese dos Discursos (1984/2005), obra na qual o autor trata o discurso a partir de um sistema de restrições/coerções globais, ancorado no princípio da primado do interdiscurso sobre o discurso, princípio esse que dá sustentação ao livro; os demais, dentre as quais elegemos o ethos, a cenografia, a prática discursiva e a prática intersemiótica, decorrem dele. As análises mostraram que MELHOR Gestão de Pessoas alinha-se a uma formação discursiva que defende a necessidade das empresas tenham colaboradores que possuam vários e diferentes atributos: sejam brilhantes, flexíveis, confiantes, corajosos, versáteis, talentosos e comunicativos; tenham um modo de agir, caracterizado como responsável, comprometido e cooperativo; possuam capacidade de enfrentar desafios, liderar equipes; dominar processos, influir e promover mudanças e tenham atitude empreendedora, visão estratégica e de mercado, e ainda, saibam agir com prudência e foco no cliente.Para avaliar essas competências, instituíram procedimentos e modelos de avaliação, sobretudo por meio de programas tecnológicos, que prometem não somente encontrar o funcionário ideal , mas também medir , classificar e ajustar as pessoas às tarefas e aos objetivos da empresa. E tudo isso em um tempo no qual não existe longo prazo . Para dialogar com esse discurso, recorremos à Ergologia (1998, 2000, 2010), mais precisamente à discussão proposta por Schwartz para pensar os chamados ingredientes da competência, segundo ele, um exercício necessário para uma questão insolúvel . Posição que se caracteriza como um contradiscurso aos discursos hegemônicos vigentes

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It is being observed that there has been an increase in the number of urban design competitions in the last decade in Turkey. Competitions are crucial methods of enriching theoretical and practical frameworks of the disciplines by creating a platform for discursive attitudes. That reveals the importance of the notion of competition as a process covering from the decision for organizing a competition to the decision of the jury for the winner and also post-competition events such as colloquium. Due to these facts, competition process as a whole can be considered as a discursive practice where diverse discursive approaches are represented via design brief, submitted projects and colloquiums that enrich and develop both theory and practice of urban design. There is not a single definition for urban design rather there are some approaches to the field mostly pointing to its interdisciplinary features. This fact makes urban design field vulnerable and open to critiques but at the same time enables contributions from diverse disciplines. It reveals the importance of competitions which forms a platform for new ideas and perspectives. Competition, with its definite structure of rules, definite role players from diverse disciplines who are involved in the process, documents produced throughout the process by different discourses, can be conceptualized as a dimension in space-time that makes it possible to observe different discourses in the same place and at the same time, sometimes in conflict with each other, sometimes overlapped onto each other and sometimes juxtaposed. Therefore competition is a platform where different discursive formations, with their objects, enunciative modalities, concepts and strategies, are exercised and practiced by human subject. When considered from that point of view, instead of focusing on the inception of urban design in Turkey, when the term is conceptualized, how and when competitions were utilized and instrumentalized in spreading the term, as a consequence how this struggle enabled positions for the field can be diagnosed more explicitly. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze urban design competition processes via design briefs, questions-answers, winning projects, jury reports and if available evaluation articles and colloquium reports with the adoption of archaeological methodology of Michel Foucault, discursive formation. His methodological approach in his book Archaeology of Knowledge(1972), has been adopted to construct a conceptual framework within that context, the study has focused on national, open, single phase competitions containing the term &ldquo / urban design&rdquo / in its announced title and it has been found that there are 35 cases starting from the year 1980. Design briefs, questions-answers, prize-winning projects and jury reports were analyzed, in addition survey and interview methods are utilized to reveal the discursive formations within the competition process. It is found that this is an ongoing process of forming a discursive formation when urban design is concerned and competitions play a significant role in framing such attitudes. Such a discursive analysis made within the context of competitions will help us to draw a general framework to reveal the discursive formations in the field that will help us to understand its position, grasp the underlying facts behind these processes of Urban Design Competitions in Turkey and this will give us the chance to rethink and define new frameworks and discursive formations to establish new perspectives and understandings of urban design in Turkey in the context of competitions.