The central objective of this thesis is to demonstrate how the concept—or concepts—of the public/private divide actively shapes the conditions of migrant domestic work in Europe. In doing so, I aim to show how European states’ current treatment of migrant domestic work is ethically problematic, and that a sufficient moral response to this dilemma entails a re-evaluation of any operative notions of the public/private distinction. The premise of my thesis is that migrants working as domestics suffer human rights abuses due to two distinct but inseparable factors: their gender-based mode of employment and their legal status. I will make the claim that states fail to prevent these abuses, and secure the conditions necessary for the fulfillment of migrants’ human rights, because they assume a morally problematic understanding of the public/private distinction.  In arguing for a re-evaluation of the public/private sphere, I will likewise propose that certain revisions be accordingly made in several levels and domains of legislation—regional and national, as well as labor and immigration. Less concrete, though no less important, is my contention that receiving and sending countries alike need to undertake a more profound re-examination of the moral status of domestic work, and, more fundamentally, care work itself.

Background: Women and men in Sweden are in paid work to almost the same extent, but are found in different occupations and positions in the labour market. Still, women perform the bulk of the unpaid domestic work at home. Gendered inequalities in these respects leave women and men exposed to different work environments and responsibilities, which in turn can have gendered health consequences. In public health research there is a lack of studies on domestic work that include women and men, as well as a lack of qualitative studies exploring individuals’ experiences of domestic work and mental health. At the workplace level, few attempts have been made to analyse how several dimensions of gender equality at workplaces are related to health status and there is a lack of studies with a contextual approach combining many different variables that are at play simultaneously. Because of the cross-sectional design of previous studies on paid and domestic work there is a lack of analyses taking possible health-related selection into account, which makes it difficult to ascertain whether gender equality leads to better health or if good health is a prerequisite for gender equality. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to analyse gender relations of work (at workplaces and at home) in relation to mental illness among women and men. Methods: The thesis was based on data from the Northern Swedish Cohort. The baseline survey was conducted in 1981 when the participants were 16 years old (n= 1080, 574 boys and 506 girls), with follow-up at age 18, 21, 30 and 42. The response rate was 94 % throughout the last follow-up in 2007. Data from the Northern Swedish Cohort were supplemented with register data about the employees at the participants’ workplaces. The analysis methods for the questionnaire and register data were logistic regression analysis and cluster analysis. Interviews were performed with four women and four men in the Northern Swedish Cohort and were analysed with a Grounded Theory approach. Results: Women had overall greater responsibility for domestic work. Gender inequality in responsibility for domestic work and perceptions of gender inequality in the couple relationship (after adjustments for background variables and previous psychological distress) were associated with psychological distress among women and men. However, among men the relation between domestic work inequalities and psychological distress was affected by socioeconomic position relative to the partner. Having less responsibility for domestic work and a partner with higher socioeconomic position was associated with psychological distress among men. The qualitative analysis showed that gender relations were an important part of how the domestic work was unequally organised and related to experiences of mental illness among women and men. Among women the high burden of domestic work was experienced as an obstacle to experiencing good health. Among men the experience of being trapped in an outmoded masculinity was related to feelings of stress. At the workplace level, patterns of gender inequality were associated with psychological distress among women, but not among men. However, the most gender-equal pattern was related to lower as well as more similar levels of mental illness among women and men, which supports a convergence in health when women’s and men’s work conditions become more similar. Conclusion: Gender equality at home and at work is central for reducing mental illness among both women and men, but also for achieving a good average health status in the population, which is a central public health target. When investigating social inequalities in health, gender perspectives are of great importance for deepening the understanding of how and why gender inequalities in paid and domestic work are related to mental illness. Integrating gender perspectives into public health policy could be a way to acknowledge power relations that hinder good public health. / Bakgrund: Kvinnor och män i Sverige yrkesarbetar i nästan samma sträckning, men återfinns i olika yrken och positioner på arbetsmarknaden. Samtidigt utför kvinnor merparten av det obetalda arbetet i hemmet. Könade orättvisor i dessa avseenden innebär att kvinnor och män utsätts för olika arbetsmiljöer och ansvarsområden, vilket kan medföra könade hälsokonsekvenser. Dock är det få folkhälsovetenskapliga studier om obetalt arbete i hemmet och hälsa som inkluderar både kvinnor och män. Det är också en brist på kvalitativa studier som undersöker individers upplevelser av det obetalda arbetet i hemmet och psykisk hälsa. På arbetsplatsnivå har det gjorts få försök att analysera hur olika dimensioner av jämställdhet på arbetsplatser är relaterade till hälsostatus, och det är en brist på studier med en kontextuell metod som tar hänsyn till hur flera olika variabler samspelar. Tidigare folkhälsovetenskapliga studier som undersökt förvärvsarbete och hemarbete har framförallt använt sig av en tvärsnittsdesign, vilket gjort det svårt att utreda riktningen av samband mellan jämställdhet och psykisk hälsa, det vill säga om jämställdhet leder till bättre hälsa eller om god hälsa är en förutsättning för jämställdhet. Syfte: Syftet med denna avhandling var att analysera genusrelationer i arbete (på arbetsplatser och i hemmet) i förhållande till självskattad psykisk ohälsa bland kvinnor och män. Metod: Avhandlingen bygger på data från Luleåkohorten. Baslinjeundersökningen genomfördes år 1981 då deltagarna var 16 år (n=1080, 574 pojkar och 506 flickor). Uppföljningar har genomförts vid 18, 21, 30 och 42 års ålder och svarsfrekvensen var 94% under det senaste uppföljningen år 2007. Data från Luleåkohorten kompletterades med registerdata om anställda på deltagarnas arbetsplatser. Analysmetoder för enkät- och registerdata var logistisk regressionsanalys och klusteranalys. Intervjuer har genomförts med fyra kvinnor och fyra män i kohorten och analyserats med grundad teori. Resultat: Kvinnor hade totalt sett ett större och män ett mindre ansvar för det obetalda arbetet i hemmet. Upplevelse av bristande jämställdhet i ansvar för obetalt arbete i hemmet och i parrelationen hade ett samband med psykisk ohälsa bland kvinnor och män (även efter justering för bakgrundsvariabler och tidigare psykisk ohälsa). Att ha mindre ansvar för det obetalda arbetet i hemmet och en partner med högre socioekonomisk klass hade även ett samband med psykisk ohälsa bland män. Den kvalitativa analysen visade att genusrelationer var en viktig del i en ojämställd organisering av hemarbete och relaterade till upplevelser av psykisk ohälsa bland kvinnor och män. En hög belastning av hemarbete var ett hinder för kvinnor att uppleva en god hälsa. Upplevelser av att vara instängd i en omodern maskulinitet innebar en stressfull situation bland män. Mönster av ojämställdhet på arbetsplatser hade ett samband med psykisk ohälsa för kvinnor, men inte för män. Däremot visade sig de mest jämställda arbetsplats-mönstern vara relaterade till lägre och mer liknande nivåer av psykisk ohälsa bland kvinnor och män, vilket stödjer en konvergens i hälsa när kvinnor och mäns arbetsplats förhållanden är likvärdiga. Slutsats: Jämställdhet på arbetsplatser och i hemmet är viktigt för att minska psykisk ohälsa både bland kvinnor och män, men också för att uppnå en god genomsnittlig hälsa i befolkningen, något som är ett centralt folkhälsomål. Vid analyser av social ojämlikhet i hälsa är genusperspektiv av stor betydelse för att fördjupa förståelsen om hur och varför ojämställdhet i på arbetsplatser och i hemmet är relaterat till psykisk ohälsa. Att integrera genusperspektiv i folkhälsopolicy kan vara ett sätt att ta hänsyn till de maktrelationer som förhindrar en god folkhälsa.

<p>Tens of thousands of migrant domestic workers, women working and residing within Kuwaiti households, have taken shehadeh, the Islamic testament of faith over the past decade. Drawing on 21 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Kuwait, and 2 months of research in Nepal, this dissertation analyzes the processes through which South Asian domestic workers develop newfound Islamic pieties, processes that underscore the importance of the household as a site of intersection between transnational migration and globalizing Islamic movements, and that point to the limitation of conventional understandings of wage labour and religious conversion.</p> / Dissertation

This thesis explores the role of media in the lives of live-in caregivers in Montréal by looking at two Filipino newspapers and mainstream news coverage on Filipinas and the Philippines. While Filipino newspapers elaborate Filipino identity and speak back to stereotypes in mainstream news, their impact is curtailed by limited distribution and content range. Live-in caregivers in Montréal were selected as a special audience group through which to examine media representations of Filipinos because they are ‘othered’ through interlocking processes of gender and race. The live-in caregiver program (LCP), through which they migrate to Canada, lays bare the price that third world women immigrants are asked to pay for citizenship rights in Canada. LCP work is often underpaid, demeaning, and exploitative. Examining the lives and media habits of LCP workers ethnographically breaks new ground in studies of both domestic work and minorities and media in Canada.

The structure of the family unit in the United Kingdom has undergone monumental changes in recent decades. The legal definition of a family has evolved substantially to include a wider range of family forms, most recently same-sex marriage, which became legal in the United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland) in 2014. Legal changes in the family accompany a range of social changes - among the most common of these is an expansion in the number of different-sex non-marital co-residential unions (concisely called "cohabitation") (Ermisch and Francesconi, 2000; Beaujouan and Bhrolcháin, 2011). Since the 1970s, these types of relationships have become widely accepted (Coast, 2009) and increasingly common (Office for National Statistics, 2012a). However, despite its prevalence, cohabitation in the United Kingdom is seldom studied independently of marriage. My dissertation strives to fill this gap in the literature. Specifically, my dissertation adds to the understanding of the household division of labour during cohabitation. Instead of merely examining cohabitation as one homogenous relationship type, Chapter 2 profiles three groups of cohabitants: 1) pre-marital cohabitants; 2) non-marital short-term cohabitants; 3) long-term cohabitants who reside together for five years or longer. Subsequent chapters examine how each of these groups, in turn, addresses the household division of labour - pre-marital and early couple formation cohabitation in Chapter 3, couples transitioning from cohabitation to marriage in Chapter 4, and during long-term cohabitation in Chapter 5. This dissertation is a significant contribution to the field of economic sociology because the household division of labour has not yet been explored during cohabitation in this way.

Submitted by FRANCILENE SOARES DE MEDEIROS COSTA null (francilenesoares@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-14T12:45:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Francilene _Versão_Final.pdf: 7854643 bytes, checksum: 280acccac159e4bc52c17311379d7b5f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-11-16T19:28:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_fsm_dr_prud.pdf: 7854643 bytes, checksum: 280acccac159e4bc52c17311379d7b5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T19:28:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_fsm_dr_prud.pdf: 7854643 bytes, checksum: 280acccac159e4bc52c17311379d7b5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Trata-se de um estudo acerca das implicações do crescente processo de diarização do trabalho doméstico no Brasil sobre a problemática da proteção social das trabalhadoras que atuam como diaristas. A regulamentação recente do trabalho doméstico no país é um avanço inegável para a garantia de melhores padrões de proteção social das domésticas, historicamente deficitário. Entretanto, pelo que se subentende da Lei n. 150/2015, a pessoa que trabalhar até dois dias por semana na mesma residência familiar não é objeto dessa regulamentação, pois nessas condições não se estabelece o vínculo empregatício. Neste caso ocorre uma prestação autônoma do serviço doméstico. Embora as diaristas tenham o direito de acessar a proteção social previdenciária por meio de contribuição individual, identificamos barreiras significativas para o acesso dessas trabalhadoras ao sistema. Nesse caso, as desigualdades regionais representam um importante agravante. Assim, o processo de diarização em curso no país comparece, em potencial, como a nova face da (des)proteção social da trabalhadora doméstica brasileira. A perspectiva metodológica do estudo é quantitativa e qualitativa. Foram utilizadas fontes documentais e bibliográficas, além de dados estatísticos. Para um panorama global sobre o trabalho doméstico remunerado utilizamos os dados compilados pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT). E para realidade do Brasil, fizemos uso dos microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD/IBGE). Também realizamos entrevistas com diaristas residentes nas cidades de Belém/PA e São Paulo/SP, orientadas pelo uso de roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, contendo questões abertas e fechadas. / It is a study about the implications of the growing diarisation of domestic work in Brazil on the issue of social protection of daily workers. The recent regulation of domestic work in the country is an undeniable advance for the guarantee of better standards of social protection of domestic, historically deficient. However, according to what is implied by the Law n. 150/2015, the person who works up to two days a week in the same family residence is not subject to this regulation, because under these conditions the employment relationship is not established. In this case there is an autonomous provision of domestic service. Although daily workers have the right to access social security social protection through individual contributions, we identified significant barriers to the access of workers to the system. In this case, regional inequalities represent an important aggravating factor. Thus, the process of diarisation in progress in the country appears, potentially, as the new face of the (un) social protection of the Brazilian domestic worker. The methodological perspective of the study is quantitative and qualitative. Documentary and bibliographical sources were used, as well as statistics data. For an overall view of paid domestic work we used data compiled by the International Labor Organization (ILO). And for the Brazilian reality, we used microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD/IBGE). We also conducted interviews with daily workers living in the cities of Belém/PA and São Paulo/SP, guided by a semi-structured interview script, containing open and closed questions.

In the light of the recent developments occurred in the domestic sector in Europe and the debate on the externalisation of domestic and care activities, this research explores the impact of gender, care and migration regimes on migrant domestic work. While the number of migrant domestic workers is increasing everywhere in Europe, the cross-national differences in the ethnicisation of the sector remain significant and depend on multiple factors. The literature on domestic work has long recognised the role of welfare/care regimes in determining the degree of externalisation of domestic and care activities and the role of migration regimes in attracting migrant workers. Additionally, the gender regime can also be crucial to understand the recent developments of paid domestic work in Europe.In this dissertation, I present the findings of a quantitative study conducted at the European level, aimed at exploring the interconnection of care, gender and migration regimes and their impact on migrant domestic work in Europe. For this, I have conducted a two-step analysis. First, I have created three typologies of countries, one for each regime, based on relevant indicators, which allowed me to identify clusters of countries that behave similarly with respect to the three regimes. Then, I have tested the effect of the typologies on the ethnicisation of the domestic sector. The findings suggest that the three regimes do have an effect on the concentration of migrants in the domestic sector, and that this effect is greater when the three regimes are taken into account simultaneously. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-22T21:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Maria_Emilia_Büttow.pdf: 1744378 bytes, checksum: f82e3d7def0b1a38b84de75a8d41355e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-22T22:17:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Maria_Emilia_Büttow.pdf: 1744378 bytes, checksum: f82e3d7def0b1a38b84de75a8d41355e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-22T22:17:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Maria_Emilia_Büttow.pdf: 1744378 bytes, checksum: f82e3d7def0b1a38b84de75a8d41355e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Sem bolsa / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo elucidar e compreender o quadro social e os desdobramentos jurídicos do trabalho doméstico no Brasil. A presente pesquisa possui relevância no atual momento em que a Justiça do Trabalho passa a julgar as ações trabalhistas envolvendo trabalho doméstico à luz da Lei nº 150 de 2015 que estendeu direitos trabalhistas previstos na Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas para os empregados domésticos. Até então a categoria em voga não contava com direitos básicos como controle de jornada de trabalho e recolhimento de Fundo de Garantia de Tempo de Serviço. A partir da observação de audiências da Justiça do Trabalho de Pelotas e entrevistas com atores sociais envolvidos com a temática do trabalho doméstico, como advogados e juízes do trabalho buscou-se compreender a percepção dos atores sociais envolvidos na temática acerca da significativa mudança legislativa. A trajetória da luta por reconhecimento jurídico e social da categoria das trabalhadoras domésticas, composta em sua maioria por mulheres servirá de base para compreender as mudanças trazidas pela nova legislação e como o judiciário trabalhista de Pelotas está enfrentando estas mudanças. / The purpose of this dissertation is to elucidate and understand the social structure and legal developments of domestic work in Brazil.. This research has relevance in the current moment in which the Labor Court begins to judge the labor actions involving domestic work in light of Law no. 150 of 2015 that extended labor rights foreseen in the Consolidation of Labor Laws for domestic employees. Until then the category in vogue did not have basic rights as control of working hours and collection of the Guarantee Fund of Time of Service. The attempt to understand the social actors perception about this substantial new labor legislations was based on the observation of the Pelotas Labor Court hearings and interviews with social actors involved in domestic work, as an employee and employer, lawyers and labor judges. The trajectory of the struggle for legal and social recognition of the category of domestic workers, made up mostly of women, will serve as a basis for understanding the changes brought about by the new legislation and how the labor judiciary in Pelotas is facing these changes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:40:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capa.pdf: 63676 bytes, checksum: 17f370aa393c7123f81dde02b9e1a6d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-30 / Esta pesquisa assumiu o propósito de verificar a situação às quais são submetidas as mulheres indígenas que saem de suas comunidades tradicionais para se inserirem no trabalho doméstico em Manaus. Buscamos também reconstruir fragmentos da história de vida e de trabalho de duas mulheres Sateré-Mawé, dona Zenilda e Zeila (Kutera), que se deslocaram de sua comunidade étnica de origem em busca de educação formal, saúde ou renda em Manaus, durante o período de instalação da Zona Franca. Diante da falta de oportunidades de trabalho formal, elas se inseriram no trabalho doméstico. Mesmo assim, podemos verificar pelas suas trajetórias de vida, que elas tornaram-se duas lideranças femininas de grande projeção dentro do movimento indígena. As questões norteadoras desta pesquisa consistiram em verificar quais são as determinações étnicas e de gênero presentes no trabalho domestico em Manaus, capital do Estado do Amazonas. Adotamos uma metodologia que nos levou a considerar os aspectos qualitativo e exploratório, quando a fala dos sujeitos foi imprescindível para a reconstrução de aspectos da trajetória de vida e de trabalho das mulheres da etnia Sateré- Mawé. Foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com cinco mulheres da etnia Sateré-Mawé, além da observação direta na Comunidade I nhã-bé, durante o período de abril de 2009 a agosto de 2010. Elegemos um referencial teórico que problematiza as questões de gênero que são determinantes na situação desfavorável que se encontra esse segmento humano. O conceito de gênero é empregado como uma categoria construída social e culturalmente, que envolve relações de poder sob os auspícios do patriarcado. A pesquisa mostra que há uma forte ressignificação na vida dessas mulheres que se deslocaram para a cidade, as quais vivem no limiar do urbano e do rural. Conclui-se, assim, que para muitas mulheres do interior amazônico o trabalho doméstico passa a ser o caminho para chegar às cidades. Essa situação as envolve numa teia de exploração permeada por questões de gênero sob o forte preconceito étnico

The aim of this thesis is to understand how the political mobilisation of migrant domestic workers (MDWs) employed in Lebanon started and continued. It also tries to comprehend how some of them could found a politically active collective of MDWs, the Alliance of Domestic Workers in Lebanon (Alliance), by analysing what factors enabled and restrained the open political activism of MDWs from their first steps as activists until now. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with two founding members and seven international and Lebanese organisations, the MDWs´ political mobilisation is chronologically recaptured. Extending Lahusen´s definition of political mobilisation, the thesis critically reflects on Johnston´s concept for protest to evolve in repressive states. The analysis shows that the women activists are left in a lawless position and refer to the free spaces of Lebanese and international non-profit organisations, where their activism begins. These organisations help the women to build up their protest capital, enabling them to start their own group, the Alliance. Within their own group they organise themselves not only against the injustice they experience as MDWs but also emancipate themselves from their dependency on the NGOs. The findings approve that though international and Lebanese organisations have played a crucial part in successfully mobilising the women, the MDWs´ experience of lack of influence inside these free spaces, shapes the group´s actions, collective identity and course. Their political mobilisation can be seen as a long-term, organic process, in which knowledge, collective identity, collective action and experience are tightly interwoven and are the motor behind the members´ activism.