A tuberculose (TB) constitui a principal comorbidade a acometer as pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids (PVHA), sendo considerada a primeira causa de morte nesta população. Assim, a prevenção da coinfecção TB/HIV pelos Serviços de Atenção Especializada ao HIV/aids (SAE) se faz imprescindível. O estudo objetivou analisar a oferta e a integração das ações e serviços de saúde para a prevenção e o controle da TB nas PVHA pertencentes à rede de atenção ao HIV/aids do município de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Utilizou-se o conceito teórico da integralidade da atenção, tomando como eixo de análise a oferta e a integração das ações e serviços dentro das equipes de referência e junto a outros profissionais/especialidades/serviços. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, do tipo inquérito, com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 253 PVHA em acompanhamento nos cinco SAE sob gestão municipal, considerando-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: indivíduos maiores de 18 anos, residentes no próprio município e não pertencentes ao sistema prisional. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de janeiro/2012 a maio/2013, por meio de entrevistas com apoio de um instrumento específico. Os dados foram analisados por meio de distribuição de frequência, construção de indicadores e análise de correspondência múltipla. Quanto ao perfil dos sujeitos, identificou-se acometimento maior dentre o sexo feminino, faixa etária adulta, indivíduos casados/união estável e solteiros, baixa escolaridade, empregados e predomínio da classe econômica C. Tais características e especificidades sociais e demográficas expõem a complexidade que envolve a assistência às PVHA e, em contiguidade, o controle da TB nesta população. A oferta de ações e serviços para o controle da TB nas PVHA por todos os SAE do município foi considerada regular, reforçando a necessidade de melhor planejamento da assistência de forma integral, articulação dos profissionais nas equipes e entre estas e os demais serviços da rede, além da formação profissional e educação permanente. A integração, de modo geral, foi classificada como satisfatória, entretanto, identificou-se diferentes desempenhos entre os SAE, principalmente no que se refere à abordagem das condições sociais e encaminhamentos realizados, o que permite refletir sobre a complexidade da coordenação da assistência prestada às PVHA. O desafio que se coloca é pensar a integralidade da atenção que articule a oferta de ações e serviços de saúde para o controle da TB, sobretudo, destacando a necessidade de estratégias que favoreçam o desenvolvimento de ações compartilhadas e cooperadas dentro da equipe, entre os programas de TB e HIV/aids e entre os diferentes serviços, com o intuito de fortalecer a rede local de atenção visando a produção de um cuidado integral, singular e resolutivo. Para tanto, urge a necessidade de transformar os conceitos e práticas de saúde que orientam o processo de formação acadêmica no sentido de conceber profissionais capazes de compreensão e ação relativas à integralidade nas práticas de saúde / Tuberculosis (TB) is a major morbidity that affects people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA), and it is considered the leading cause of death among this population. Thus, prevention of TB by HIV/AIDS Care Specialized Services is a prerogative. The study aimed to analyze the supply of health actions and the integration of health services for TB\' prevention and control among PLWHA in treatment at the HIV/AIDS care network in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP. The theoretical concept of comprehensive care was used, by considering the supply and integration of programs and services within the reference teams and between other professionals/skills/services. This is an exploratory study, survey type, with a quantitative approach. A total of 253 PLWHA participated in the study. They were followed at the five municipal HIV/AIDS Specialized Assistance Services (SAS), and the following inclusion criteria were considered: patients over 18 years old, living in the study site and outside the prison system. Data collection was performed from January 2012 to May 2013, through interviews with the support of a specific instrument. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, indicators development and multiple correspondence analysis. Regarding the subjects\' profile, we identified a higher prevalence of females, adult age, married/stable union or single, low education, employees and a predominance of economic class C. Such social and demographic characteristics expose the complexity involving the assistance to PLWHA, and, as a result, the complexity of controlling TB in this population. The availability of services for TB control in PLHIV in all five SASs was rated as regular, reinforcing the need for better planning focused on comprehensive care, coordination of professionals inside their teams, as well as between different teams and services, thinking beyond vocational training and continuing education. Although integration was generally rated as satisfactory, SASs presented different performances, especially with regard to addressing the social conditions and establishing referrals, allowing a reflection on the complexity of PLWHA care coordination. The challenge that arises is thinking about an integrated care that articulates the availability of health actions and services for TB control, e highlighting the need for strategies that favor the development of cooperative actions within health teams, between TB and HIV/AIDS programs and among different services in order to strengthen the local care network and develop unique, decisive and comprehensive care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform the health concepts and practices that guide the process of academic training to build professionals capable of understanding and acting for comprehensive health practices

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Antunes Machado.pdf: 899364 bytes, checksum: f046d9426ba318f617fa9e7b2b2d3633 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-29 / Aiming to verify the prevalence of training of workers of primary health care was carried out a cross-sectional study with 4749 workers in 41 cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants in the South and Northeast (NE) of Brazil. The training in infectious diseases and no transmissible chronic diseases were the most realized by the workers in the entire sample (54,5% e 38,5%), in both regions and model of attention. The use of the protocol was 43,7% for all sample and its prevalence was higher in Northeast (47,8%) and in family health strategy (46,4%). Access to publications of Health Ministry was 48,3% for the entire sample, its prevalence was higher in the South (51,2%) and among workers who worked in the family health strategy (56,8%). The differences in the prevalence of outcomes by region and model reaffirm the inherent expectations related to the Family Health Strategy as the model of reorientation of primary health care. The results indicate that despite of training studied composed the normative of primary health care, its prevalence were low, since most of the workers worked on average four years in primary health care. So, the construction of strategies to improve the offer and the encouragement of continuing education and training for these workers is responsibility of Health and Education Ministries. / Com o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de capacitação dos trabalhadores de saúde da atenção básica foi realizado um estudo transversal com 4749 trabalhadores de 41 municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes das regiões Sul e Nordeste (NE) do Brasil. As capacitações em doenças infecciosas e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram as mais realizadas pelos trabalhadores em toda amostra (54,5% e 38,5%), em ambas as regiões e modelo de atenção. O uso de protocolo foi de 43,7% para toda amostra e sua prevalência foi maior no Nordeste (47,8%) e na estratégia saúde da família (46,4%). O acesso a publicações do Ministério da Saúde foi de 48,3% para toda amostra, sua prevalência foi maior no Sul (51,2%) e entre os trabalhadores que atuavam na estratégia saúde da família (56,8%). As diferenças das prevalências dos desfechos por região e modelo reafirmam as expectativas inerentes relacionadas à Estratégia Saúde da Família como modelo de reorientação da atenção básica. Os resultados indicam que apesar das capacitações estudadas fazerem parte das normativas da atenção básica, suas prevalências foram baixas, visto que, grande parte dos trabalhadores atuavam em média há quatro anos na atenção básica. Portanto, cabe aos Ministérios da Saúde e da Educação, a construção de estratégias para melhorar a oferta e o incentivo de educação permanente e treinamento para esses trabalhadores.

Control of tuberculosis has often been managed as a simple issue, the belief being that activities to care for people affected by tuberculosis can be uniformly standardised and centred on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. The DOTS strategy has been the most concrete illustration of this approach. It is undeniable that this has been successful in re-organising unstructured and very inefficient national TB control programmes.<p>Today, many countries’ programmes are better organised and have reached case detection and cure rates close to the targets set by WHO (i.e. 70% of cases effectively detected and 85% of detected cases cured). There are mounting arguments to enlarge the scope of activities to care for people affected by TB beyond the classical standardised strategies for diagnostic and treatment of tuberculosis. Indeed, it has become widely accepted that to increase further coverage of diagnosis and treatment of TB, it is necessary to address the economic and psychosocial problems of the people affected by tuberculosis, particularly for those having the least access to and worse quality of care. This will be possible only if, additionally to the current approaches, customised care can be developed after analysis to capture the complexity of care and interventions that take the specificity of local systems in their context into consideration. In chapter 1-2, we illustrate this through the review of the recent customisation of Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) as its naturally evolve in various contexts world-wide. <p><p>Developing an analysis that captures complex issues in PATB care means having a proper understanding of the interactions between parts of the local care systems to people affected by TB and identifications of the important patterns of these interactions. That is possible only if information different than the usual quantitative indicators is generated. We illustrate this in the part 2. We took the case of Nicaragua’s TB control programme, which is renowned for its performance in America. In that context, we illustrated the limits of a classical approach to TB control programme evaluation (chapter 2-3) and gave four examples of care process analysis that illustrated the economic and psychosocial problems of people affected by tuberculosis (PATB) (chapter 2-4 to 2-7). <p>Developing customised system-sensitive interventions to improve the care process means recognising that the interventions cannot be isolated from the organisational context and social dynamics during changes. Thinking must therefore move beyond the design of universal, standardised tool kits. We illustrate specifically in the part 3 the importance of combined local, national and international processes in improving the care process for people affected by TB in Nicaragua: lessons from successful and unsuccessful local and customised processes of implementing interventions in four local health systems (chapter 3-4) can be an opportunity for a health system research unit in a public health school to build a strategic process of care improvement at national level (through scaling up and through the building of a conducive environment) (chapter 3-5). <p>As a conclusion of this work, we propose in part 4 a three-level reflection through discussion of patterns emerging from the analysis done in the previous chapters: (1) patterns of care and (2) of organisation of health care system are presented in the form of an analytical framework; (3) patterns of regulation and management to improve care for PATB are presented together with a strategy to work on it. <p> / Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Background:The Project reported on in this thesis took place between 2003 and 2006 and focused on the problem of high rates of low birth weight in the West Coast /Winelands area of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. A 32 page woman’s health handbook (WHH) was developed and field-tested using a participatory action research approach. The purpose of the WHH was to provide a health promotion tool that would increase the likelihood of satisfactory birth outcomes in future by: improving the continuity of care for women, especially in pregnancy; improving the interaction between health service providers and women during health consultations; and enabling women to improve their broader health literacy.Methods:The Project used both qualitative and quantitative methods and was carried out in three phases following steps in strategic communication development: situational and audience analysis; strategic design and development; and,field testing. The process involved three levels of stakeholders, or audiences: primary (women working on farms); secondary (local health service providers); tertiary (regional and provincial health department officials).Phase I began with a situational analysis of the two research sites in 2003 - Vredendal and Stellenbosch areas. Data was collected through key informant interviews, secondary data and general observations. The information on the two sub-districts was summarised. In order to understand the lifestyle and contextual issues facing the primary audience focus group discussions and key informant interviews with all three levels of the audience were carried out in 2004. The analysis utilised an inductive approach to generate themes that integrated the information from all sources and a framework for understanding substance use was developed. Ideas for the format and contents of the WHH were collected utilising the same methods and were summarised into categories.Phase II utilised the findings of Phase I to develop the first version of the WHH. This was pre-tested with all levels of the audience in individual interviews or focus groups to assess its accessibility, contents and appropriateness. The findings were used to prepare the second version of the WHH for Phase III.In Phase III the second version of the WHH was tested by recruiting a cohort of 103 participants who were utilising the antenatal clinic services in the two sites in 2005. A pre- and post-intervention questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data to characterise the participants and, assess if the WHH that was given to them to keep had influenced their health knowledge and substance use behaviour. Analysis included simple frequencies, and a comparison of key outcome measures from the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Secondary level audience representatives were also interviewed, and content analysis carried out to identify theirperceptions of the WHH and any potential barriers to its future use in the clinics. A final version of the WHH was developed and 10 000 copies made available through a resource centre. The dissemination of a batch of the final version was followed up in 2006.Results:The first phase identified the extent to which environmental and health-related behaviour contributed to low birth weight, as well as, other negative consequences in the lives of the primary audience. Important factors noted included the resource poor and stressful environment in which farm-based women live and work, and the high rates of women smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol in general, and through pregnancy.A first version of the WHH was developed and pre-tested in the second phase by applying principles of designing health education materials for audiences with mid to low literacy levels. Results from this stage led to the development of the second version of the WHH.Although the evaluation of the second version of the WHH did not show any significant change in the health knowledge of the participants on the pre- and post-test analysis, there was a reduction in the use of alcohol, and very positive feedback on utilisation issues from all audiences. There was widespread dissemination of the final version of the WHH, however, neither the provincial nor the regional health authorities had incorporated it into their annual health promotion plan or budget.Conclusion:The participatory action research approach in the development of the WHH ensured that the form and contents was appropriate for most of the primary audience and that the secondary and tertiary audiences were supportive of its potential to positively women’s health in the region in the future. The main factors that limited the impact of the WHH include the need for the health service providers to consistently practice interactive health consultations using the WHH, and the need for the reproduction and dissemination of the WHH to be led by the provincial health department.It is recommended that brief training of health service workers is required in order to ensure that the final version of the WHH is utilised to its full potential and, that the provincial and regional health authorities devise a reproduction and dissemination plan to ensure that all women using the public health services receive their own copy of the WHH.

Although Skilled Birth Attendance has been universally acknowledged as essential to progress in the field of maternal health (WHO, 2004), Human Resources for Health (HRH) deficits are currently impeding the sustainability of essential maternal health interventions on a global scale. Over the past 30 years, the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU), along with other agencies such as non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations, have developed a self-contained health system, which provides health services, including maternity care, to migrants and refugees at the Thailand-Myanmar Border. The staff necessary to the provision of care in SMRU’s clinics are mostly recruited from within the migrant and refugee populations, and trained internally by SMRU. In the last decade, SMRU has experienced high-turnover rates and shortages of Skilled Birth Attendants (SBA). Consequently, their current maternity workforce is characterized by an acute shortage of SBAs who have attained senior status, and a higher concentration of SBAs at the assistant and junior levels. As a response to these HRH challenges, this case study aimed to conduct a multi-level analysis of obstacles and enablers to professional development amongst Skilled Birth Attendants working for SMRU. This single descriptive case study with embedded units of analysis, which incorporated non-participant observation, a template-based personnel file review, individual interviews, and focus groups at two of SMRU’s Birthing Units, represented a unique opportunity to observe and analyze the multiple influences that interact at various levels of a relatively self-contained health system. By highlighting the obstacles and enablers present within the system, this study purposed to identify means by which to empower lower level SBAs, support their professional development, and create a more sustainable maternity workforce. The study found that SMRU has been successful in providing its SBAs with the appropriate midwifery skills to fulfill a limited scope of practice, and in fostering strong intra-professional relationships that allow the SBAs to motivate and mentor each other. Achieving workforce sustainability with a model of care that implements task-shifting requires a balance of appropriate and constructive consultation structures without enabling the stagnation of SBAs’ skills and confidence. This study also reveals the importance of context and culture to a health system’s capacity to optimally plan and implement its HRH functions. Finally, in the case of SMRU, persistent recruitment and retention concerns underscore that workforce sustainability cannot be achieved through professional development alone. Therefore, this study reveals a need for further inquiry into the complexities of maternal health workforce planning in contexts of protracted displacement, and the challenges associated with developing appropriate supervisory structures for lower level health professionals.

Les systèmes de santé "apprenants" (SSA) présentent une approche complémentaire et émergente aux problèmes de la recherche translationnelle en couplant de près les soins de santé, la recherche et le transfert de connaissances. Afin de permettre un flot d’informations cohérent et optimisé, le système doit se doter d’une plateforme intégrée de partage de données. Le travail présenté ici vise à proposer une approche de partage de données unifiée pour les SSA. Les grandes approches d’intégration de données sont analysées en fonction du SSA. La sémantique des informations cliniques disponibles dans les sources biomédicales est la résultante des connaissances des modèles structurelles des sources mais aussi des connaissances des modèles terminologiques utilisés pour coder l’information. Les mécanismes de la plateforme unifiée qui prennent en compte cette interdépendance sont décrits. La plateforme a été implémentée et testée dans le cadre du projet TRANSFoRm, un projet européen qui vise à développer un SSA. L’instanciation du modèle de médiation pour le projet TRANSFoRm, le Clinical Data Integration Model est analysée. Sont aussi présentés ici les résultats d’un des cas d’utilisation de TRANSFoRm pour supporter la recherche afin de donner un aperçu concret de l’impact de la plateforme sur le fonctionnement du SSA. Au final, la plateforme unifiée d’intégration proposée ici permet un niveau d’expressivité suffisant pour les besoins de TRANSFoRm. Le système est flexible et modulaire et le modèle de médiation CDIM couvre les besoins exprimés pour le support des activités d’un SSA comme TRANSFoRm. / Learning health systems (LHS) are gradually emerging and propose a complimentary approach to translational research challenges by implementing close coupling of health care delivery, research and knowledge translation. To support coherent knowledge sharing, the system needs to rely on an integrated and efficient data integration platform. The framework and its theoretical foundations presented here aim at addressing this challenge. Data integration approaches are analysed in light of the requirements derived from LHS activities and data mediation emerges as the one most adapted for a LHS. The semantics of clinical data found in biomedical sources can only be fully derived by taking into account, not only information from the structural models (field X of table Y), but also terminological information (e.g. International Classification of Disease 10th revision) used to encode facts. The unified framework proposed here takes this into account. The platform has been implemented and tested in context of the TRANSFoRm endeavour, a European project funded by the European commission. It aims at developing a LHS including clinical activities in primary care. The mediation model developed for the TRANSFoRm project, the Clinical Data Integration Model, is presented and discussed. Results from TRANSFoRm use-cases are presented. They illustrate how a unified data sharing platform can support and enhance prospective research activities in context of a LHS. In the end, the unified mediation framework presented here allows sufficient expressiveness for the TRANSFoRm needs. It is flexible, modular and the CDIM mediation model supports the requirements of a primary care LHS.

Les usages contraceptifs en France et en Angleterre se distinguent fortement du point de vue du recours aux méthodes masculines : la vasectomie et le préservatif sont utilisés par la moitié des usager.e.s outre-Manche et par seulement15% des personnes en France. À partir des années 1960, la médicalisation de la contraception est allée de pair avec sa féminisation, mais les modèles contraceptifs de chaque pays semblent ainsi accorder une place différente à la prise en charge masculine des responsabilités en matière de régulation de la fécondité. Pour comprendre comment ces modèles plus ou moins sexués sont socialement construits, cette thèse compare les contextes institutionnels de la prescription contraceptive qui contribuent à définir le champ des possibles et du souhaitable pour les usager.e.s. Outre une analyse comparative historique et institutionnelle approfondie, ce travail s'appuie sur 34 entretiens semi-directifs avec les professionnel.le.s de santé dans les deux pays afin d’éclairer les logiques qui structurent leurs pratiques et participent à la définition des normes contraceptives. Cette analyse comparative met en évidence l’impact de traditions politiques contrastées en matière de régulation des naissances : l’héritage de l’eugénisme britannique est plus favorable au recours à des méthodes contraceptives définitives que le natalisme français. Par ailleurs, les systèmes de santé français et britannique se distinguent par leur degré d’encadrement de la formation et des pratiques médicales. En France, la faiblesse de cet encadrement autorise une grande diversité de pratiques en matière contraceptive, et notamment une approche paternaliste du choix contraceptif et l’expression de réticences professionnelles genrées vis-à-vis des méthodes de contraception masculines. En Angleterre, la régulation publique de la formation et des pratiques tend à standardiser les approches professionnelles du choix contraceptif, et laisse une place plus importante aux préférences des usager.e.s. / Contraceptive use in France and England differs strongly with regard to male methods: half of English users resort to vasectomy and condoms, compared to just15% of the French population. From the 1960s on, the medicalization of contraception has gone hand in hand with its feminization but it appears that national contraceptive norms allow for different levels of male involvement in each country.In order to understand the process leading to variously gendered contraceptive models, this research draws a comparison between the institutional contexts of contraceptive prescription, which contribute to defining possible and desirable contraceptive choices. In addition to anin-depth historical and institutional analysis, this comparison draws upon 34 semi-structured interviews with prescribers in both countries in order to unveil the logic behind their actions and their influence on contraceptive norms.This analysis underlines the consequences of contrasting political perspectives on birth control in both countries: the legacy of the British eugenicist movement proves more liberal regarding sterilization methods than the French pro-natalist context. Moreover, the National Health Service in England and the French health system address the issues of medical regulation very differently. In France, public supervision of clinical practice is low, which allows for considerable heterogeneity between professionals, and, notably, a paternalistic approach to contraceptive choice and the influence of gendered reluctance towards male methods. In England, public regulation of medical training and practices encourages the standardization of prescribers’ approaches to contraceptive choice and more respect for users’ preferences.

Rural counties in the United States vary drastically on metrics related to socioeconomic status and dominant economic industry as well as health behaviors and outcomes. This study sought to understand the underlying structural reasons why some rural counties have better or worse than expected health outcomes using a positive deviance (PD) approach. The study aimed to: 1) create an area deprivation index and divide counties into quartiles using the index; 2) identify positive, negative, and non-deviant counties using health outcome metrics; 3) analyze differences between deviance on a variety of local public health system metrics; and 4) analyze differences between deviance on a variety of health service system metrics. All data were secondary, with data on public health systems derived from NACCHO’s 2016 National Profile of Local Health Departments (LHDs) and data on healthcare systems derived from HRSA’s 2016-2017 Area Health Resource File. Multivariate analysis, nonparametric analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were conducted. Results indicated that public health systems in positive deviant counties were more likely to have their next year’s budget exceed their current budget compared to negative and non-deviant counties. Public health systems in negative deviant counties had much lower rates of completed community health assessments, community health improvement plans, and strategic plans. LHDs overseen by their local government were 6.20 (p=.001) times more likely to be positive deviant, and negative deviant counties were much less likely (OR=0.12, pp 17.28 physicians per 10,000 population), while negative deviant counties were less likely (OR=.35, pp=.38) compared to non-deviant counties. Future research should continue using the PD approach for population-level studies and seek to understand which components of local public health and healthcare systems are associated with better population health.

Learning Health Systems (LHS) sind sozio-technische Systeme, die gesundheitsbezogene Dienstleistungen erbringen und dabei mit Hilfe von Informationstechnologie neues Wissen aus Daten erzeugen, um die Gesundheitsversorgung kontinuierlich zu verbessern. Durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens entstehen vielerorts Daten, die zur Gewinnung von Wissen in LHS genutzt werden können. Dies setzt allerdings eine informationstechnische Infrastruktur voraus, die die Daten integriert und geeignete Algorithmen zur Wissensgewinnung bereitstellt. Der verbreitete Ansatz, solche Infrastrukturen in großen Institutionsverbünden zu entwickeln, zeigte bislang nicht den gewünschten Erfolg. Deshalb wurde in dieser Arbeit stattdessen von einer einzelnen Organisationseinheit ausgegangen, der Zentralen Notaufnahme eines Klinikums, und eine informationstechnische Infrastruktur für ein lokales Learning Health System entwickelt. Es wurden dabei Fragestellungen aus den Bereichen Datenintegration und -analyse behandelt. Zum Einen wurde gefragt, wie sich heterogene, semantisch zeitvariante, longitudinale Gesundheitsdaten flexibel auf Datenmodellebene integrieren lassen. Zum Anderen war Untersuchungsgegenstand, wie auf den so integrierten Gesundheitsdaten zwei datenanalytische Anwendungsfälle konkret realisiert werden können: Es wurde erstens untersucht, welche Untergruppen von Patienten mit häufigen Inanspruchnahmen (häufige Wiederkehrer, frequent users) sich ermitteln lassen und welches Wiederkehrrisiko mit bestimmten Diagnosen verbunden ist. Zweitens wurde untersucht, welche Aussagen über das Ankunftsverhalten und die Fallkomplexität von gebrechlichen, älteren Patienten getroffen werden können. Für die Beantwortung der Fragestellungen erfolgte die Datenextraktion und -integration nach dem Data-Warehouse-Ansatz. Es wurden Daten des Krankenhausinformationssystems des Klinikums Osnabrück mit Krankenhausqualitätsdaten, Fallklassifikationsdaten sowie Wetter-, Luftqualitäts- und Verkehrsdaten integriert. Für die Datenintegration wurde das Entity-Attribute-Value/Data Vault-Modell (EAV/DV) als ein neuer Modellierungsansatz entwickelt. Die Datenanalysen wurden mit einem Data-Mining-Verfahren zur Faktorisierung von Patientenmerkmalen sowie statistischen Methoden der Zeitreihenanalyse durchgeführt. Für Wiederkehrer ergaben sich vier distinkte Untergruppen von Patienten. Weiterhin konnte das relative Wiederkehr-Risiko für einzelne Diagnosen geschätzt werden. Zeitreihenanalytisch ergaben sich ausgeprägte Unterschiede im Ankunftsverhalten gebrechlicher, älterer Patienten im Vergleich zu allen übrigen Patienten. Eine höhere Fallkomplexität konnte bestätigt werden, war aber im Allgemeinen nicht tageszeitabhängig. Der Modellierungsansatz (EAV/DV) für longitudinale Gesundheitsdaten erleichterte die Integration heterogener sowie sich zeitlich ändernder Daten durch flexible Datenschemata innerhalb des Data Warehouses. Die datenanalytischen Modelle lassen sich laufend mit neuen Daten aus dem Krankenhausinformationssystem aktualisieren und realisieren damit die Wissensgewinnung aus Daten nach dem LHS-Ansatz. Sie können als Entscheidungsunterstützung für eine bessere personelle Ressourcenplanung und zielgruppengerechte Ansprache von ressourcenintensiven Patienten in der Notaufnahme dienen. Die vorgelegte Implementierung einer IT-Infrastruktur zeigt auf, wie die Wissensgewinnung aus Daten exemplarisch für das lokale Learning Health System der Organisationseinheit Zentrale Notaufnahme umgesetzt werden kann. Die schnelle prototypische Umsetzung und der erfolgreiche Wissensgewinn zu inhaltlichen Fragestellungen belegt, dass der gewählte bottom-up-Ansatz tragfähig ist und sinnvoll weiter ausgebaut werden kann.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The city of Austin is a small community in Southern Indiana that experienced a large HIV/AIDS outbreak which infected over 180 people. Due to rapid spread of the disease from shared needles during intravenous drug use, a public health emergency was declared in March 2015. This epidemic was a symptom of the overall communal health issues within the area related to drugs, crime, prostitution and poverty. These problems affect residents’ physical and mental health, however, often go unaddressed due to limited resources, healthcare and education. Organizations within the area were affected by the epidemic, and many provided a response to help combat the issue. The purpose of this study is to examine how organizations respond to a health crisis from a communication perspective. Research question one is, what was the level of coordination between the seven organizations during the HIV/AIDS epidemic? Research question two is, what was the public’s response to the effort made by the seven organizations? This study interviewed seven participants and a thematic analysis was conducted that discovered four themes: coordinated response, uncoordinated activities, response time, and inadequate response. In response to research question one, the levels of coordination were infrequent with the seven agencies. Research question two found multiple areas that indicated the agencies approach ineffective in adequately informing the public. The agencies’ efforts displayed a lack of coordination and poor timely response to the crisis. These issues show it is imperative that we develop a resilient health system to operate systemically. By implementing communication for whole health, it would provide a resilient system for agencies to understand and develop coordination and collaboration between each other. With a sense of coordination, they would then be able to execute ways of promoting and living out better physical and mental health (Parrish-Sprowl and Parrish-Sprowl, 2016).