Every reader will respond to and think in a different way about a book. They will have different interpretations of the book. It is not possible to say with scientific certainty in what way a reader will interpret a book. To address this issue, this study focuses on the reader response theory as explained by Iser and Jauss. However, the reader response theory is at present supported by research from the cognitive theory to narratology. This study attempts to understand how a reader reasons with regards to a certain text. A further aim is to understand why a specific reader will think about and interpret the text in the way he or she does. In this study the books 30 Nagte in Amsterdam (30 Nights in Amsterdam) by Etienne van Heerden and Swartskaap (Black Sheep) by Odette Schoeman is used to test the hypothesis. Qualitative research methods were used and the data was processed in different stages as is displayed in the addendum DVD. Cognitive theory wants to explain how the reader will respond to the book as a whole, characters, events and the places and spaces represented in the novel. In this study, it was found that a reader's response will always be influenced by his/her background. Readers use their background either to make sense of the book and the story it tells or to make sense of what has happened in their own lives in order to accept and understand it. On account of the results reached in the study it can be argued that readers should be taken into account when books are reviewed and discussed, because they are the ones that have to do the actual reading. Because of this finding, this study puts forward the suggestion that a review model is developed so that readers can make informed decisions as to which book will be best suited to them. / Thesis (M.A. (Afrikaans and Dutch))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ii, 93 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-93).

Cette thèse consiste en l’analyse du jeu dans les deux œuvres littéraires majeures de Lewis Carroll, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland et Through the Looking-Glass, œuvres qui accordent la part belle au jeu, tant au niveau diégétique, narratologique que stylistique et linguistique. Il en ressort qu’une tension entre liberté et règle (entre paidia, l’expression impulsive d’un instinct de jeu, et ludus, le besoin de créer des règles et de s’y plier, pour utiliser les termes de Caillois) traverse les Alice. L’étude des jeux et jouets, des macro- et micro-structures, du style et des intertextes, permet d’affirmer que ces deux volumes sont résolument ludiques, car ils reposent sur une légaliberté, une liberté dans et par une légalité (Duflo). Ils jouent avec et contre les attentes, la langue et les connaissances du lecteur de sens commun. Toutefois, dans le même temps, le champ d’action du lecteur virtuel est considérablement restreint : ses facultés d’idéation sont orientées par l’imbrication du texte et des illustrations, et sa participation à la construction du texte carrollien se borne à compléter les « blancs » textuels, tel que Eco les définit, c’est-à-dire à faire ressurgir les déjà-dits qui ont été effacés. Les œuvres carrolliennes sont ainsi caractérisées par ce paradoxe : alors que la diégèse et l’économie textuelle semblent promouvoir le jeu, le rôle du Lecteur Modèle prévu par le texte est extrêmement réduit. Cependant, il est possible pour le lecteur réel, interpellé par le texte carrollien et son Auteur, d’endosser le rôle de Lecteur Imposteur, de les contre-interpeller, et de devenir, par ce processus de subjectivation, un lecteur pleinement joueur. Il s’avère alors que la légaliberté permet non seulement de saisir l’esthétique du jeu, mais aussi la formation des sujets (personnages, auteurs, lecteurs) à l’œuvre dans les Alice. / This thesis consists in an analysis of play and game(s) in Lewis Carroll’s two major literary works, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, in which diegetic, narratological, stylistic and linguistic games play a significant part. It shows that a tension is at work throughout the Alice books, between freedom and rules (between paidia, the impulsive manifestation of a play instinct, and ludus, the need to invent rules and to abide by them, to state this in Caillois’s terms). The study of games and toys, of the macro- and micro-structures, of the style and the intertexts reveals the playfulness of these texts, as they rely on “legafreedom”, freedom in, and made possible by legality (Duflo). They play with and against the reader’s commonsensical expectations, language and knowledge. Yet, at the same time, the virtual reader’s playing field is considerably limited: his or her faculties of ideation are directed by the interweaving of text and illustrations, and his or her participation (involvement?) in constructing the Carrollian text is restricted to filling in the textual “blanks,” as defined by Eco, i.e. making the “already said” that has been erased reappear. Carroll’s works are, therefore, characterized by this paradoxical idea: while the diegesis and the textual economy seem to promote play, the role of the Model Reader as mapped out by the text is extremely circumscribed. However, the real reader, interpellated by the Carrollian text and its Author, can take on the role of the Impostor Reader, counter-interpellate them, and become, thanks to this process of subjectification, a consummate playing reader. As such, “legafreedom” makes it possible to understand not only the aesthetics of play, but also the formation of subjects (characters, authors, readers) in the Alice books.

Um dos últimos textos a ser publicado em vida pelo autor, Le Voyage d\'hiver, de Georges Perec, teve um destino diverso no âmbito da crítica literária perecquiana e do OuLiPo. Essa disparidade de tratamento parece estar vinculada ao tipo de análise que o papel do leitor suscitou na crítica até então. O objetivo dessa dissertação é realizar uma análise alternativa deste papel de modo a explicar a diferença apontada. Tentando evitar as aporias que a crítica perecquiana enfrenta na compreensão da obra do autor, esta dissertação traz também a análise de alguns aspectos do manuscrito preparatório de Le Voyage d\'hiver. / Le voyage d\'hiver - one of the last texts to be written and published by Georges Perec- has drawn different levels of attention to itself. Not having been frequently analysed by the critics, it has been used by the literary group known as the OuLiPo as a springboard for the production of a series of texts that repeated and expanded the themes dealt in Perec\'s text. This difference of approach seems to be related to the way the role of the reader is viewed by the critics. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to propose an alternative approach to the study of the role of the reader in Le Voyage d\'hiver. Moreover, in order to deal with some of the problems that the critics face when studying the work of Georges Perec, this dissertation analyses certain aspects of the Le Voyage d\'hiver manuscript.

Denna uppsats har som avsikt att ta reda på hur två gym förmedlar värderingar runt träning i sina informerande webbtexter. Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilken läsarroll som erbjuds i texterna, vilken modelläsare som konstrueras och hur gymmen legitimerar träning. Studien utgår från det teoretiska ramverket Appraisal, som är en förlängning av den mer etablerade språkmodellen Systemisk funktionell grammatik. Materialet som ligger till grund för analysen är hämtade från SATS och Friskis&Svettis hemsidor. Metoden för den kvalitativa textanalysen grundar sig i appraisalteorin och fokuserar på att synliggöra avsändarnas subjektiva värderingar av vad träning är och vem den är till för. Resultatet visar att gymmen tillskriver författaren kunskapsauktoritet som skapar en accepterande läsarroll till textens innehåll och texten som källa. Modelläsaren hos Friskis&Svettis ser sin träning som en del av en kollektiv och prestationsfri gemenskap. Modelläsaren hos SATS ser däremot träning som ett individuellt behov och strävar efter utveckling. Analysen visar att gymmen legitimerar träning genom att förmedla ståndpunkten att den som tränar mår bättre samt att träning är något bra och eftersträvansvärt.

How can a character from a children’s book become so divisive that he causes arguments amongst adults? This essay uses transactional reader response theory to explain the reason why the character Severus Snape from the Harry Potter book series by J.K. Rowling is so controversial. Applying notions from reader response theorists such as Rosenblatt and Iser together with earlier research on Snape will show how the reader’s opinion is affected by both the text itself and their own personal experience. A poll was created and posted on Facebook with over a thousand replies. This data is analysed and used to apply the theory on real examples. The conclusion of the essay is that Snape is both good and bad. He acts heroically but is also vindictive and petty. Snape is perhaps the most human of all Rowling’s characters and each reader recognises a little of themselves in him that they can relate to. Because of ongoing arguments regarding Snape readers have to constantly defend their opinion. As the opinion is re-evaluated it is also strengthened each time readers reconsider the story of Snape and, like Snape himself once asked Professor Quirrell to do, decide where their loyalties lie.

KADUČÁKOVÁ, Mária. 2016. Comparative study of methods of librarians work with school aged children in order to develop reading literacy. Prague, 106 p. Diploma thesis. Charles University. Faculty of Arts: Department of Information Studies and Librarianship. Supervisor: PhDr. Hana Landová, Ph.D. The diploma thesis is dedicated to the methods of work of children's librarians with younger school age readers in order to develop their reading literacy. The aim of this work is to acquaint with the specifics of younger school age readers, to analyze the librarian in the children's department and to link these two elements to achieve interplay in the development of reading literacy. The thesis can be divided into three main parts, theoretical, analytical and empirical. The first two chapters focus on the theory in the field of reading literacy, specifics of younger schoolchildren, furthermore focuses on the working environment of children's librarians, their competence and skills, particularly in education and basic methods of work with children. The next two chapters have analytical character and they examine reading literacy support abroad. Included is also an analysis and comparison of children reading literacy support in two countries surveyed, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. At the same time, these...

Mot bakgrund av att det finns en diskrepans mellan poesiläsningen i skolan och gymnasieungdomars fritidsläsning av poesi är syftet med studien att ge ett kunskapsbidrag om vilka spår av svenskämnet som kan urskiljas ur ungdomars samtal om den lyrik de läser på fritiden. För att möta studiens syfte har följande frågeställningar besvarats (1) Vad präglar gymnasieungdomars val av lyrik? (2) Hur präglas lyriksamtalen av ämnesspecifikt språk? (3) Vad kan framträda i lyriksamtal när gymnasieungdomar själva väljer lyrik utifrån vad de läser på fritiden? Metoden som användes var fokusgruppsamtal med 16 ungdomar som läser kursen svenska 3. För att analysera resultatet användes reader-response som teori. Resultatet visar att det som präglar ungdomarnas val av lyrik finns både utanför och innanför texten. Ungdomarna använde sig av ämnesbegrepp för att konceptualisera texternas innehåll och form. Det som präglar ungdomarnas samtal om texterna är främst enskilda och gemensamma tolkningar där meningsfullhet behandlas som en viktig aspekt. Vidare är ungdomarna måna om att det ska råda en samstämmighet i tolkningarna. / In the light of the fact that there is a discrepancy between poetry reading in school and upper secondary youth's leisure reading of poetry, the purpose of the study is to provide a contribution to research about which traces of the Swedish subject can be found from young people's conversations about the poetry they read in their spare time. To reach the aim of the study the following questions have been answered (1) What characterizes the students’ choices of lyricism? (2) How are the text discussions characterized by subject specific terms? (3) What can appear in text discussions when the students choose lyricism from what they read on their spare time? The method used was focus group discussions with 16 upper secondary school students taking the class Svenska 3. To analyze the result reader-response criticism was used as theoretical framework. The result shows what characterizes the discussions about lyricism is both found outside and within the texts. The students used subject specific terms to conceptualize the texts’ contents and shapes. What characterizes the discussions are mainly individual and mutual interpretations where meaningfulness is addressed as a significant aspect. Furthermore, the students are seeking a unanimous interpretation of the texts.

Ethical hacking and penetration testing are two methods often used when organizations and companies want to measure their level of information security, and find out if there are additional steps that can be taken in order to increase the security. This report describes a security test of the card terminal iZettle Reader 2, with the intention to examine its level of security based on the device’s frequent appearance in the society. The implementation is divided into three phases: prestudy and threat modelling, penetration testing and evaluation and conclusion of the security. The threat model was created using the two established models STRIDE & DREAD, which purpose is to identify the device’s various threats and attack vectors. From the threat model, a couple of attack vectors were selected to be penetration tested. By using conventional models and obtaining knowledge of common attacks such as Man-in-the-middle, Spoofing and Replay, the device and the payment solution could be tested with a systematical and reliable approach. A selection was made of the most prominent attack vectors, of which these were later tested; Man-in-the-middle of Bluetooth and HTTPS, and Reverse Engineering of the associated mobile application "iZettle Go". The result of the penetration tests indicated that the security around the device and surrounding systems is strong, but that it can be further supplemented with a couple of actions like certificate pinning and mutual authentication when communicating with TLS, as well as a more tamperproof software regarding the mobile application. / Etisk hackning och penetrationstestning är två metoder som ofta tillämpas i sammanhang när organisationer och företag vill mäta sin nivå av informationssäkerhet, samt även ta reda på om eventuella åtgärder kan tas för att stärka säkerheten. Denna rapport beskriver ett säkerhetstest av kortterminalen iZettle Reader 2, med syftet att undersöka dess nivå av säkerhet grundat på enhetens frekventa uppträdande i samhället. Genomförandet är uppdelat i tre faser: förstudie och hotmodellering, penetrationstestning samt utvärdering och avgörande av säkerheten. Hotmodellen skapades med hjälp av de två vedertagna modellerna STRIDE & DREAD, vars syfte är att identifiera enhetens olika hot och attackvektorer. Utifrån hotmodellen valdes några attackvektorer som sedan penetrationstestades. Genom att använda etablerade modeller samt erhålla kännedom om konventionella attacker såsom Man-in-the-middle, Spoofing och Replay, kunde man testa enheten och betallösningen med ett systematiskt och pålitligt tillvägagångssätt. Ett urval gjordes av de mest lovande attackvektorerna, varav dessa senare testades; Man-in-the-middle av Bluetooth och Wi-Fi samt Reverse Engineering av den tillhörande mobilapplikationen "iZettle Go". Resultatet av testerna påvisade en stark säkerhet gällande enheten och dess omgivande system, men att säkerheten kan kompletteras ytterligare med ett par olika åtgärder som certificate pinning och mutual authentication vid kommunikation med TLS, samt manipuleringssäker mjukvara med avseende på mobilapplikationen.

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