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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

O negro e as políticas de ação afirmativa no contexto da desigualdade educacional

Constâncio, Julimar 17 July 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-06T12:37:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julimarconstancio.pdf: 658676 bytes, checksum: dab806ee0853290e3c6e1c753115e163 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-06T12:59:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julimarconstancio.pdf: 658676 bytes, checksum: dab806ee0853290e3c6e1c753115e163 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-06T12:59:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julimarconstancio.pdf: 658676 bytes, checksum: dab806ee0853290e3c6e1c753115e163 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T12:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julimarconstancio.pdf: 658676 bytes, checksum: dab806ee0853290e3c6e1c753115e163 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a situação de desigualdade socioeducacional do jovem afro-descendente brasileiro, num contexto em que a raça, e suas implicações sociais, aparece como elemento de classificação e seleção. Nesse aspecto, a raça tende a influenciar também as discussões sobre procedência ou não do uso de políticas de ação afirmativa na educação. Pesquisas mostram que, para este segmento da população, existe um estado de precariedade social que implica numa situação de baixo desempenho no ensino fundamental, quando comparado com jovens brancos, e que pode produzir trajetórias sociais diferenciadas para estes grupos de indivíduos. No entanto, as diferenças de desempenho reveladas através das proficiências medidas por testes de avaliação educacional em larga escala, tais como SAEB (Sistema “Nacional” de Avaliação da Educação Básica), não se mantiveram iguais quando controlado o fator socioeconômico. Estudos revelam que os alunos autodeclarados pardos e brancos apresentam desempenho superior aos alunos considerados preto, nas mesmas condições socioeconômicas. Utilizam-se, para fundamentar a discussão, modelos de regressão de níveis hierárquicos para uma população presente nas séries iniciais do sistema educacional. Para isso, trabalhou-se com as bases de dados apresentadas pelo Censo Demográfico 2000, PNAD (Pesquisa nacional por amostra de domicílios) e Censo Escolar dos anos de 2006, além dos resultados de avaliações em larga escala do SAEB, PROEB (Programa de Avaliação da Rede Pública de Educação Básica), SAERS (Sistema de Avaliação Estadual da Educação no Rio Grande do Sul) e Nova Escola. / This present work studies the situation of socio-educational inequality among young Brazilian Afro-descendents, in a context in which race, and its social implications impacts on classification and selection. Race also tends to influence decision-making regarding affirmative action in education policy. Research has shown that, for this segment of the population, a situation of social precariousness exists, resulting in low scholastic performance at primary level in comparison with white children which may pre-determine future social development for both groups. However, development differences revealed by tests designed to measure scholastic performance on a large scale, such as SAEB (Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica, which means, the National System of Basic Education Assessment) demonstrated differences when analyzed from a socioeconomic view point. Studies have shown that students who classify themselves as either white or of mixed blood tend to perform better scholastically than those students who consider themselves black, even when all three groups belong to the same socio-economic class. The discussion is based on regression models of hierarchical levels for a population attending the initial years of the educational system. For this purpose, the data bases from the following were used Demographic Census of the Year 2000, Pnad (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios , which means, National Research According to a Sample of Residences) and the 2006 School Census, as well as results from large scale of evaluation such as SAEB, PROEB (Programa de Avaliação da Rede Pública de Educação Básica, which means, Program of Evaluation of Basic Education in Public Schools), SAERS (Sistema de Avaliação Estadual de Educação no Rio Grande do Sul, which means, System of Evaluation of State Schools in Rio Grande do Sul) and Nova Escola.
12

[en] ABOUT LONGINGS AND UNCERTAINTIES: PERCEPTIONS OF URBANE YOUTH IN CONTEXT OF EDUCATION INEQUALITIES / [pt] SOBRE ANSEIOS E INCERTEZAS: PERCEPÇÕES DE JOVENS URBANOS EM CONTEXTO DE DESIGUALDADES EDUCACIONAIS

EDILAINE HELENA DE ANDRADE SILVA 06 May 2010 (has links)
[pt] Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a problemática da desigualdade educacional à luz das percepções de jovens estudantes do ensino médio das redes pública e privada da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, participantes da pesquisa Juventude, Cidadania e Cultura Cívica, sobre temas como a educação, a escola e o mercado de trabalho. O desenvolvimento desta análise partiu do princípio de que a educação pública no Brasil concorre para a reprodução das desigualdades educacionais e, por conseguinte, das desigualdades sociais, pois não prima pela atenuação das influências da origem familiar sobre o desempenho escolar, o que resulta na desigualdade de oportunidades entre os indivíduos. A análise das percepções dos jovens permite afirmar que estão conscientes das desigualdades que permeiam o sistema escolar nacional e reconhecem que as oportunidades de acesso ao ensino superior e ao mercado de trabalho são diferenciadas. / [en] This dissertation has the objective to analyze the problematic of the education inequality by the perceptions of young students of the city of Rio de Janeiro, participants of the inquiry Youth, Citizenship and Civic Culture , on subjects like the education, the school and the labor. This analysis understands that the public education in Brazil contributes to the reproduction of the education inequalities and, consequently, of the social inequalities, since it does not work for the reduction of the influences of the familiar origin on the school performance, which turns in the inequality of opportunities between the individuals. The analysis of the perceptions of the young students allows this work to affirm what they are conscious of the inequalities that permeate the school national system and recognize that the opportunities of access to the university and to the labor market are differentiated.
13

Economic inequality and student achievement in reading, mathematics, and science across OECD countries

Hollins, Andrew 22 June 2016 (has links)
In this study, the associations of socioeconomic variables with reading test scores in grade 4 (PIRLS) and with math and science test scores in grades 4 and 8 (TIMSS) were examined across 28 OECD countries. This study adds to the current knowledge base by integrating measures of income inequality, which have been used in a few studies involving test scores, with other socioeconomic variables of interest. Bivariate correlations show that certain socioeconomic measures have stronger relationships with test score inequality than with average test scores: income inequality, gender inequality, and adolescent fertility rates all have significant relationships with test score inequality in reading, math, and science. There are also strong intercorrelations among these three socioeconomic variables. Income inequality is significantly associated with average science test scores in grades 4 and 8, while adolescent fertility rates hold significant relationships with average math and science test scores in both grades. Intercorrelations among the variables show that people who live in a country with high income inequality, and are at the lower end of that country’s income distribution, struggle in ways that people in countries with low income inequality do not. Health insurance and access to health care, paid maternity leave, and preschool education are easier to obtain in countries with lower income inequality. Examination of individual countries gives additional insight into the important role of income inequality. Slovenia, for example, has a relatively low GDP per capita but enjoys good test scores, perhaps because of its low income inequality. Finland, another country with low income inequality, attains PIRLS and TIMSS test scores that are among the highest in the world, in part because of social services that have the effect of further reducing income inequality. The U.S. is something of a puzzle because it has relatively high scores despite substantial inequality. Based on the results of this study and other current research, it seems likely that the U.S. could reduce test score inequality by providing targeted supports to low-income families, effectively reducing income inequality. Such supports may include: 1) installing wraparound services within school settings for low-income families; and 2) substantially expanding preschool access, especially among 3-year-olds.
14

Understanding the Resilience of Educational Disparities for Migrant Children in Urban China, in the Context of Hukou Reform

Bourgeois-Fortin, Camille 17 January 2023 (has links)
Educational disparities in China are rooted in the country’s longstanding rural-urban divide, which the hukou system has institutionalized. However, following a comprehensive reform of the hukou system (2014-2020) disparities in access to education remain ubiquitous. This raises questions regarding the reform itself, in terms of its agenda and effectiveness, as well as regarding the real driving factors of educational disparities in urban China. It is a complex issue that requires a multidimensional analysis, which shall consider both the hukou and other exclusionary factors as potential causes. These include mechanisms inherent to China’s education system, culture, and historical dynamics of social stratification. Making an in-depth review of the literature through institutionalism lenses, this research takes shape in the theoretical and conceptual frameworks of equality of opportunity and social mobility. Supported by empirical indicators and qualitative data, it provides an in-depth and timely understanding of the hukou and underlying factors of educational exclusion that undermine equality of opportunity and hinder upward social mobility among migrant children. This research finds that hukou status is still the biggest determinant of people’s equality of opportunities and social mobility in China and argues that the reform had the potential to make a positive difference. Thereby, this research's main explanation for the resilience of educational disparities in this context is that the 2014 hukou reform’s core intent was to modify migrant spatial distribution in favour of small and midsize cities, as opposed to their current concentration in megacities, and, in doing so, policymakers overlooked many challenges and barriers associated to migrating to lower tier cities and undervalued the importance of education for migrants. This research thus concludes that, rather than a definite lack of political will for solving educational disparities, the reform fell short on schooling issues because economic ambitions have taken precedence over social development and equal access to welfare, including education, among all Chinese citizens.
15

An Evaluation of the Techniques and Strategies for Recruiting African-Americans by 1862 Land-Grant Universities

Franklin, Rashawn P. 01 January 2016 (has links)
As post-secondary education becomes more important for the American citizen to generate wealth, universities are struggling to retain and graduate African-Americans, the third-most represented demographic in the country, especially at predominately white colleges and universities. The Colleges of Agriculture at these particular institutions are struggling to even get Black students to apply, let alone graduate. One of the major issues is the disconnect between the African-American community and the idea of post-secondary education in the agricultural field. One way that disconnect can be combatted is new techniques and strategies in recruiting African-Americans. This study identifies three themes based on interviews with recruiters from universities throughout the country, as to why universities are struggling to effectively recruit Black students into programs. The results indicate that there is a lack of resources present and offered in recruiting said student, a perceived misconception of African-American’s views of agriculture and a major disconnect with the African-American community and colleges of agriculture. In order to combat and ultimately fix this issues, these three themes must be addressed.
16

O aumento do IDEB nas escolas públicas foi acompanhado por um aumento na desigualdade de proficiência? A divulgação do IDEB e a desigualdade de proficiência entre 2007 e 2009 / The public schools\' IDEB increase was accompanied by an increase in achievement inequality? The IDEB\'s announcement and the achievement inequality between 2007 and 2009.

Anazawa, Leandro Seiti 10 July 2017 (has links)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo testar o argumento de que as escolas públicas modificaram a sua estratégia educacional ao buscar o aumento do seu Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) após 2007 (ano da criação desse índice). A base do argumento é que essa mudança de estratégia foi no sentido de alocar maiores investimentos e esforços educacionais nos alunos com as melhores chances de apresentarem os maiores ganhos de proficiência na Prova Brasil, o que poderia aumentar a desigualdade de proficiência dentro das escolas. Os nossos resultados indicam evidências para rejeitar esse argumento inicial. Há evidências de que as escolas, que aumentaram o IDEB entre 2007 e 2009, reduziram a desigualdade de proficiência dos seus alunos. Além disso, existem evidências de que a desigualdade entre diferentes escolas pode estar aumentando. / The present study aims to test our argument that public schools changed their educational strategies while trying to increase their IDEB (educational quality index) between 2007 and 2009. This argument is about an increase in the educational investments and efforts from schools into their students, specifically those that presented the highest chances to obtain the largest achievement gains. These investments and efforts would contribute to increase the achievement inequality within schools. Ours results shows evidence to reject our argument. There is evidence that these schools contributed to lower the achievement inequality between their students. We also find evidence that achievement inequality may be increasing between schools.
17

[en] FIELDS OF STUDY AND INSTITUTIONAL DIFFERENTIATION: EVIDENCE OF STUDENTS STRATIFICATION IN BRAZILIAN HIGHER EDUCATION / [pt] ÁREAS DE FORMAÇÃO E DIFERENCIAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL: EVIDÊNCIAS DE ESTRATIFICAÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES NO ENSINO SUPERIOR BRASILEIRO

JORGE CASSIO REIS DA SILVA MELLO 28 May 2019 (has links)
[pt] A desigualdade de oportunidades é uma questão recorrente do sistema de ensino superior brasileiro, tendo em vista os baixos índices de acesso a este nível de ensino. Esta questão ganha ainda maior relevância face às recentes políticas de expansão do sistema, que nos anos 90 e 2000 impulsionaram o crescimento de vagas, promoveram sua diversificação e estabeleceram estratégias de inclusão educacional, com o objetivo de ampliar a capacidade do sistema para incluir grupos socialmente menos privilegiados. Neste trabalho examina-se a hipótese de que as oportunidades educacionais no ensino superior, no contexto do recente processo de expansão, estão associadas à seletividade das instituições de ensino e às áreas de formação específicas. Utilizamos os microdados do Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes do Ensino Superior do ano de 2005, que avaliou o desempenho dos estudantes de áreas de formação tecnológicas e das licenciaturas. A partir destes dados foram comparadas as características socioeconômicas, demográficas e educacionais de estudantes de instituições seletivas e não seletivas nas diferentes áreas de formação. Os resultados indicam, de forma geral, que tanto o acesso às instituições mais seletivas quanto às áreas de formação de maior prestígio depende da origem social e da trajetória escolar dos estudantes, e que os efeitos de seleção são mais relevantes em relação às áreas de formação do que à seletividade das instituições. Mais especificamente, observa-se uma tendência dos estudantes de estratos sociais menos privilegiados ocuparem mais frequentemente as vagas nas áreas de formação de baixo prestígio. Verifica-se também uma tendência dos estudantes de menor renda e de pais com menores níveis de escolaridade ocuparem preferencialmente posições em áreas de baixo prestígio em instituições seletivas do que em áreas de alto prestígio em instituições não seletivas, ou seja, os estudantes de perfil social e trajetória escolar mais privilegiada lançariam mão das oportunidades educacionais em áreas de alto prestígio em instituições não seletivas. Finalmente, registra-se, em muitos casos, que estudantes de estratos com pequena representação em algumas áreas, como os estudantes de baixa renda, pardos e negros nas áreas tecnológicas, mulheres em áreas tipicamente masculinas, como a engenharia, e homens em áreas tipicamente femininas, como pedagogia e letras, têm maiores chances de frequentar instituições seletivas, o que sugere efeitos de superseleção nestas áreas. / [en] The inequality of opportunities is a recurrent issue of brazilian higher education system, on account of the low rates of access to this level of education. This question becomes even more relevant in view of the recent expansion policies of the system, which in the 1990s and 2000 boosted the growth of vacancies, promoted its diversification and established educational inclusion strategies, with the goal of expanding the capacity of the system to include members of disadvantaged groups. This paper examines the hypothesis that the educational opportunities in higher education, in the context of the recent process of expansion, are associated with the selectivity of the institutions of education and the fields of study. We used the microdata of the ENADE (Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes do Ensino Superior) 2005, which evaluated the performance of students in fields of education and technology. From these data we compared the socioeconomic, demographic and educational caracteristics for students from selective and not selective institutions in the different fields. The results indicate, in general, that both the access to the selective institutions and fields of study of greater prestige depends on the social origin and trajectory of the students, and that the selection effects are more relevant in relation to the fields of study than in the case of the selectivity of the institutions. More specifically, it was observed a trend of students of lower social strata occupy more often places in the fields of low prestige. There is also a tendency for lower income and parental education students preferentially occupy positions in areas of low prestige in selective institutions than in high-prestige fields in not selective institutions, i.e., the students of social profile and school trajectory more privileged resort to educational opportunities in areas of high prestige in non selective institutions. Finally, is recorded, in many cases, that students of strata with small representation in certain fields, such as the low-income students, browns and blacks in the technological field, women in areas typically male, such as engineering, and men in areas typically female, as pedagogy and languages, have higher chances of attending institutions selective, which suggests that effects of superselection in these areas.
18

[en] MATH CURRICULUM AND EDUCATIONAL DIFFERENCES / [pt] CURRÍCULO DE MATEMÁTICA E DESIGUALDADES EDUCACIONAIS

MARIA ISABEL RAMALHO ORTIGAO 25 August 2005 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho investiga o currículo de Matemática do Ensino Fundamental (5a a 8a séries) em relação aos conteúdos ensinados e às práticas pedagógicas adotadas pelos docentes. Partindo do princípio de que os conteúdos são previamente selecionados pelo professor e abordados nas aulas com ênfases diferenciadas, esta pesquisa busca responder três questões: (a) que conteúdos de Matemática são selecionados para o ensino de 5a a 8a série? (b) a seleção de conteúdos matemáticos é influenciada pelo perfil socioeconômico da clientela da escola?; (c) quais características da prática pedagógica são associadas com a seleção de conteúdos matemáticos. Para a realização do estudo, um questionário auto-administrado foi submetido a 168 professores que lecionam Matemática no Ensino Fundamental, em uma amostra probabilística de 48 escolas municipais e particulares situadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O instrumento consistiu de 79 itens e buscou investigar as afirmações dos docentes sobre suas práticas pedagógicas em Matemática, e sobre a organização da sala de aula. Adicionalmente, foram incluídas perguntas que ajudassem a traçar um perfil dos professores. A opção desta pesquisa foi por obter uma visão geral e ampliada do ensino de Matemática. Neste sentido, olhamos mais de longe para um grupo ampliado, ao invés de olhar bem de perto para um caso pontual. A análise dos dados coletados foi baseada na aplicação de um modelo de regressão. Os resultados indicam que a seleção e a abordagem de conteúdos matemáticos são fortemente condicionadas por características do perfil socioeconômico médio dos estudantes das escolas. Neste sentido, alunos de menor poder aquisitivo são os que menos freqüentemente lidam com Tratamento da Informação. Entretanto, quando o professor afirma adotar livro didático em sala, os alunos têm maior chance de lidarem com estes temas. Na rede pública, características como uso de jogos e quebra-cabeças e ênfase em resolução de problemas são fatores associados ao aumento na chance de seleção de conteúdos matemáticos. Estas características não influenciam a seleção em escolas da rede particular. / [en] This work investigated the curriculum of Mathematics applied to middle school in Brazil, grades 5th to 8th, in regards to taught subjects and to teaching approaches used by faculty. From the premise that taught subjects are previously selected by teachers and applied in the classroom using different emphasis, our work aimed at answering three basic questions: 1) what are the Math subjects selected for the grades 5th through 8th; 2) Is the selection of Math subjects influenced by the socio- economical profile of the students within a school; 3) what teaching characteristics are associated with the selection of Math subjects. For this study, a self- administered questionnaire was submitted to 168 middle school teachers, comprising 48 public and private schools within the City of Rio de Janeiro. The questionnaire consisted of 79 items and sought to evaluate the responses from faculty regarding their teaching practices in relation to taught subjects, teaching approach and classroom organization. Additionally, questions that could help us draw a profile of different faculty were also added. The goal of this investigation was to obtain a generalized and ample view of the teaching of Mathematics, as the analysis was based not on a single isolated case but instead on a larger, more separate group. Analysis of data obtained was based on the application of a regression model. The results indicated that selection and teaching approach of math subjects are strongly influenced by the average socio-economic profile of students at a given school. We also observed that the characteristics associated with the selection of math subjects are not equal when we compared the two different school systems.
19

Cartografia da desigualdade regional no Tocantins: as microrregiões tocantinenses mediante os indicadores socioeducacionais

Ferreira, Rogério Castro 30 September 2015 (has links)
O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi analisar a estrutura e os condicionantes da desigualdade socioeducacional no Tocantins enquanto um dos determinantes do comportamento da desigualdade regional. Dessa forma, tem a intenção de desenvolver, de forma empírica e conceitual, uma abordagem das relações originais entre educação e desigualdade regional. Além disso, o presente estudo elabora um novo indicador sintético e analítico denominado Índice de Desigualdade Socioeducacional (Idsed), que parte da compreensão de que as relações sociais de produção capitalista são desiguais e projetam tais desigualdades, próprias das condições de acesso ao mercado, na estruturação das escolas, de acordo com os bens materiais e simbólicos que dispõem os beneficiários desse serviço. O caminho percorrido da pesquisa passa pelo crivo da discussão sobre o conceito de região que permeia a Geografia, ligando a uma reflexão sobre globalização, desenvolvimento e desigualdade em contextos regionais. A seguir, discute sobre os indicadores socioeconômicos, fazendo um panorama do desempenho dos indicadores socioeconômicos no Brasil e no Tocantins, além de analisar indicadores educacionais ligados às séries históricas das taxas de transição do ensino fundamental. Finalmente, a cartografia da desigualdade socioeducacional tocantinense é mostrada diante das condições socioeconômicas, socioculturais, infraestruturais e educacionais que permeiam o universo escolar tocantinense através do Idsed. / This research aims to analyze the structure and constraints of the socio educational inequality in Tocantins as one of the determinants of regional inequality behavior. Therefore, it intends to develop an empirical and conceptual way, an approach of the original relations between education and regional inequality. In addition, this research develops a new synthetic and analytical indicator called Socio Education Inequality Index (SEII), in which part of the realization that the social relations of capitalist production are unequal and designed such inequalities, own market access conditions, in the school structuring according to the symbolic and material goods that are available to service’s beneficiaries. The way we in which conduct our research was through of discussions about the region's concept that pervade the Geography, relating to globalization reflection, development and inequality in regional contexts. Then, we discuss the socioeconomic indicators, making an overview of socioeconomics development in Brazil and Tocantins. We also analyze education indicators linked to historical series of transition’s rates from elementary school. Finally, the socio educational inequality’s mapping is presented in front of the socio-economic, socio-cultural, infrastructural and educational conditions which pervade the tocantinense school universe through of Socio Educational Inequality Index.
20

O aumento do IDEB nas escolas públicas foi acompanhado por um aumento na desigualdade de proficiência? A divulgação do IDEB e a desigualdade de proficiência entre 2007 e 2009 / The public schools\' IDEB increase was accompanied by an increase in achievement inequality? The IDEB\'s announcement and the achievement inequality between 2007 and 2009.

Leandro Seiti Anazawa 10 July 2017 (has links)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo testar o argumento de que as escolas públicas modificaram a sua estratégia educacional ao buscar o aumento do seu Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) após 2007 (ano da criação desse índice). A base do argumento é que essa mudança de estratégia foi no sentido de alocar maiores investimentos e esforços educacionais nos alunos com as melhores chances de apresentarem os maiores ganhos de proficiência na Prova Brasil, o que poderia aumentar a desigualdade de proficiência dentro das escolas. Os nossos resultados indicam evidências para rejeitar esse argumento inicial. Há evidências de que as escolas, que aumentaram o IDEB entre 2007 e 2009, reduziram a desigualdade de proficiência dos seus alunos. Além disso, existem evidências de que a desigualdade entre diferentes escolas pode estar aumentando. / The present study aims to test our argument that public schools changed their educational strategies while trying to increase their IDEB (educational quality index) between 2007 and 2009. This argument is about an increase in the educational investments and efforts from schools into their students, specifically those that presented the highest chances to obtain the largest achievement gains. These investments and efforts would contribute to increase the achievement inequality within schools. Ours results shows evidence to reject our argument. There is evidence that these schools contributed to lower the achievement inequality between their students. We also find evidence that achievement inequality may be increasing between schools.

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