Syfte: Studiens övergripande syfte var att bygga vidare på tidigare forskning genom att undersöka och studera hur indiska värdlandsmedborgarna (dvs. Host Country Nationals (HCN)) ser på svenska manliga och kvinnliga expats och hur deras uppfattningar påverkar utgruppskategorisering. Detta gjordes genom att testa Varma et al. (2011) modell för självkategorisering och om den var tillämplig även under andra kulturella betingelser än de som redan ingår i deras modell. Metod: Data inhämtades från 145 respondenter från två svenska multinationella organisationer (dvs. Multinational Enterprises (MNE)) belägna i södra Indien. Respondenterna svarade på en enkät som hade antingen en manlig eller kvinnlig profil, där de fick besvara påståenden om hur de skulle uppfatta expats och i vilken utsträckning de skulle vara villiga att ge den hypotetiska expat rollinformation och socialt stöd. Enkäten var utformad av Professor Varma och distribuerades till företag 1 som en webb-enkät och till företag 2 delade vi personligen ut enkäterna i Bangalore. Vi fick även möjligheten att samtala med expats på plats vilket gjordes för att få en djupare förståelse för våra resultat.  Resultat och slutsats: Som förutspåddes var kollektivism, etnocentrism, anpassning och lika värderingar negativt relaterade till utgruppskategorisering. Vidare var utgruppskategorisering negativt relaterat till socialt stöd och rollinformation. Däremot fann vi ett intressant fynd där indiska HCN inte skiljer mellan könen när det kommer till deras uppfattningar och utgruppskategorisering av expats.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Forskning bör undersöka hur HCN uppfattar sina indiska kvinnliga medarbetare jämfört med svenska kvinnliga medarbetare. För att vidare utforska om nationalitet går före kön i Indien. Vidare anser vi att fler kvalitativa studier bör göras kring HCN för att ta reda på om det finns ytterligare variabler som är med och påverkar HCNs kategorisering av expats. Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie utvidgar den befintliga litteraturen kring kvinnliga expats samt hittat en ny variabel, anpassning, som är med och förklarar utgruppskategoriseringen. / Purpose: This study's overall aim is to build on recent research, by examining and investigate the Indian host country nationals (HCN) perception on Swedish male and female expats and how their beliefs affects outgroup categorization. This is done by testing Varma et al. (2011) model for self -categorization and if it is applicable in other cultural condition than those already included in their model Method: Data were collected from 145 respondents from two Swedish Multinational Enterprises (MNE) located in Southern India. Respondents answered a questionnaire that had either a male or female profile, where they had to answer assertion about how they would perceive the expat and to what extent they would be willing to give the hypothetical expat role information and social support. The questionnaire was designed by Professor Varma and was distributed to company 1 through a web survey and was handed out in person to company 2 in Bangalore. We also had the opportunity to talk with the expats in Bangalore which was done to get a deeper understanding of our results. Results and Conclusion: As we predicted collectivism, ethnocentrism, adjustment and similar values was negatively related to outgroup categorization. Furthermore, the outgroup categorization was negatively related to social support and role information. However, an interesting finding where that Indian HCN does not distinguish between the sexes when it comes to their perceptions and outgroup categorization of expats. Suggestions for future research: Research should examine how HCN perceive their Indian female employees compared with Swedish female employees. To further explore if the nationality comes before gender in India. Furthermore, we believe that more qualitative studies should be done about the HCN to find out if there are additional variables that influence HCNs categorization of expats. Orginality/value: This study extends the existing literature on female expats and we found a new variable, adjustment, which influence the outgroup categorization.

我的論文的目的是增加大家對於外國人在台灣與南韓生活之差異的認識。我對於在南韓與台灣的外國人做質性與量性的比較分析。這篇論文主要的研究問題是：什麼因素會影響南韓和台灣的外國人適應跨文化的生活？這些因素相互的關係，以及外國人對於南韓與台灣整體的滿意度。以往很少有針對兩國的外國人生活滿意度的正式研究。 我本身在南韓首爾生活了兩年，我在大學時當過交換學生一年 ，並且在公立小學當了一年的英文老師；而我在台灣研讀碩士兩年，也同時兼職教英文。作為一個外國人，我發現生活滿意度可以有很大的差異 ，這些差異應該被揭露，不應該被忽視。本篇論文將利用文獻以及統計資料，針對外國人如何看待他們在台灣與南韓的生活做個完整的討論。 / The purpose of my thesis is to raise more in-depth awareness of what it is like to be an expat in Taiwan and South Korea. I did a comparative analysis between expats of South Korea and Taiwan, both quantitative and some qualitative analysis were used. The main research question in this thesis is “What are the factors that affect how well an expat is able to cross-culturally adapt in Taiwan and South Korea? And What is the relationship between these factors and the overall level of satisfaction of expats in both Taiwan and South Korea?” There have been very few formal studies which focus on Expat Satisfaction Levels in these two countries. I have lived as an Expat in Seoul, South Korea for 2 years; I was an exchange student during my undergraduate studies for 1 year and an English Teacher in a public Elementary School for 1 year as well; I have lived in Taiwan for 2 years as a Master’s Degree student while also teaching English part-time. During my time as an Expat I have seen that overall expat satisfaction levels can vary dramatically and these variations need to be revealed and not ignored. This thesis will provide a thorough and well-rounded discussion on how Expats perceive the quality of their lives in Taiwan and South Korea using both literature and statistical information.

This study examines expats and their families in the canton of Zürich, Switzerland. Their reasons and choices regarding integrating (or not) into the Swiss society, educational strategies for their children and possessed capital assets upon arrival in Switzerland is the three problem statements being explored. Pierre Bourdieu’s´ sociology is the theoretical framework for this study – the concept of different types of capital and educational strategies are especially important in this regard. Interviews with female expats whose children attend the Inter-Community School Zürich (ICSZ) were conducted and the stated purpose of the study was obtained. This study concludes that these expat families choose the international grounds rather than the local, due to language barriers. The language makes it hard for both themselves and their children to integrate and/or feel part of the Swiss community and society. The expats are integrated into the international ´expat-bubble´ rather than the Swiss society or community, and the reason is due to the lack of time spent with the local people, not mastering the language and/or not being interested enough to make the effort to integrate. This specific group of expats can be seen as an ´international elite- group´, based on their assets of capital, their cosmopolitan lifestyle and international social grounds.  These expats value their capitals highly but is not stating that one specific capital is more needed than another; all their assets are of worth and they do not consciously use a specific capital for their integration.

The following discussion concerns the emergence of and interrelations between the concepts of expatriation, migration, and “othering” in present Buenos Aires. The arguments rest on my fieldwork in Argentina, as well as other studies from around the world. The research on expatriates is usually based in Asia or the UAE, and the region of Latin America is still quite understudied in this respect. Buenos Aires as the “city offoreigners” represents an anthropologically interesting fieldsite. Next to the mostly quantitative research on expatriates, anthropology can give us a better understanding of their practices and experiences. Furthermore, it challenges our ideas of these concepts weuse to describe different groups of people (e. g. expatriate, immigrant), and allows us tounderstand how they are socially constructed. Hence, my study offers a new view on expatriation in a broader context of post-colonialism and current trends in globalization.The city's historical context must be considered as well in order to understand the complexities of terms such as foreigner or immigrant.

Immigration is not new to Ecuador. Beginning in the early 2000s, the amenities migration phenomenon gained popularity in Ecuador, especially in the UNESCO World Heritage Trust Site of Cuenca, located about five and a half hours south of Quito and four hours east of Guayaquil in the Andes Mountains. This study combines literary research on retirement migration and a case study on the retired expatriate community in Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador. The limited case study includes twelve in-depth interviews with retired expatriates living in Cuenca and nine interviews with Cuencanos that interact with retired expatriates daily. According to the expatriates, the advantages of living in Cuenca include the cheaper lifestyle, year-round spring-like weather, and a slower pace of life. The disadvantages consist of the concept of “Ecuadorian time” and the indirectness of Cuencanos. Data suggest that Cuencanos value the presence of retired expatriates because they help stimulate the economy, but they resent the impenetrable language barrier and their cultural disengagement. The Cuencanos’ responses also indicate that a deeper understanding of the country and culture is necessary on behalf of the retired expatriates to facilitate their integration into the existing culture rather than trying to create an exclusive subculture within Cuenca.

In today’s globalized world leaving one’s country of origin to move abroad has become more common,which often results in families and loved ones living apart from each other. This qualitative study aimsto explore professional women’s experiences of living abroad and their ways of coping with being awayfrom their loved ones. The study relies on theoretical concepts and prior research on transnationalfamilies, the sense of home and identity, guilt and coping strategies when longing for loved ones. Inaddition, the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its implications for travel has also beentaken into account. The primary data for thisstudy is based on ten semi-structured interviews with womenthat have been living and working or studying in Sweden for over a year, with loved ones abroad. Thedata is analyzed by a relational and partly narrative analysis and the study has been done from a feministperspective. The results show that moving abroad has impacted individual relationships with loved ones.Our participants expressed longing for physical co-presence with their loved ones, although they weremostly satisfied with their current situation. As our interviews showed, COVID-19 has not significantlyaffected their relationships with loved ones abroad, since the women have already been living apart -some of them quite long distances. In addition to the results the discussion will focus on key issuesencountered during the study, its limitations, strengths and suggestions for further research. / I denna globaliserade värld har det blivit mer vanligt att lämna sitt hemland och flytta utomlands, ochdärmed inte bo nära sina nära och kära. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att få en djupare förståelseför kvinnor som bor i ett annat land än deras nära och kära och hur de hanterar det. Studien är baserad påteoretiska koncept och tidigare forskning om transnationella familjer, flyttens inverkan på identiteten ochatt känna sig hemma, skulden av att bo på avstånd och strategier för att klara av att ha sina nära och kärapå avstånd. Detta sätts i perspektivet till den rådande COVID-19 pandemin och de begränsningar, inombland annat resande, som det innebär. Studiens primärdata baseras på tio semistrukturerade intervjuermed kvinnor som bott och jobbat eller studerat i Sverige i minst ett år och har sina nära och kärautomlands. En relationell analysmetod kombineras med narrativ analys och studien har en feministiskutgångspunkt. Resultatet visar att kvinnornas flytt utomlands har påverkat deras relationer med nära ochkära. Deltagarna i studien uttryckte en längtan efter fysisk samvaro med nära och kära i deras hemländer,men ansåg sig mestadels nöjda med deras rådande situation. Det framkom i våra intervjuer att COVID19 pandemin inte hade någon större inverkan på kvinnornas relationer med nära och kära, då de redanbefann sig på ett längre geografiskt avstånd. Utöver resultatet lyfter diskussionen viktiga frågor sompåträffades under studien, styrkor och svagheter samt förslag på vidare forskning.

This study examines American and British middle class expats’ educational strategies in Berlin, Germany, from a Bourdieusian perspective. I argue that globalization and an increased mover population make it necessary to study the expat population, a social group that has been largely neglected in sociological research. The study explores the elementary school choices expats make for their children in the host country and how their educational strategies relate to the expats’ inherited and acquired cultural capital. Information was gathered through the statements of six American and British interviewees, interviews which were conducted in fall 2018. The interviewees were asked questions about their elementary school choices, their educational priorities, pastime activities and their own upbringings. The educational strategies were similar to those of specific middle class groups that, according to previous research, are characterized by high cultural capital. The interviewees in this study did however prove to be more idealistic than those specific middle class groups, and they made adjustments to their educational strategies to cater for their expatriatism. The prevalence and importance of liberal values had been passed on to the interviewees by their parents. In terms of choosing schools for their children they valued individuality, independence and cultural diversity. They also valued cosmopolitanism. The interviewed expats did not necessarily see themselves as bound to one country or nationality and they wanted the same perceived freedom for their children. They primarily chose local public schools for their children in attempts to acquire cultural capital, to ensure that their children integrated culturally and developed a fluency in German. Local public schools was the natural choice for expats with German partners, while expats with expat partners often found it difficult to decide against private international schools due to their struggles with cultural integration.

English today has reached global dimensions no other language has reached before. While there are other lingua francas in certain geographical regions in the world, English is the most dominant lingua franca in many important international domains, including international affairs and its use as the lingua franca of official organisations, such as the European Union (EU).   In the wake of the result of the British referendum, voices were raised for the discontinuation of the use of the English language within the EU after Brexit. While this topic has received attention from journalists throughout Europe, to date there are very few studies on attitudes towards English in a post-Brexit referendum Europe. The present study aims to contribute to the filling of this gap by investigating attitudes towards English experienced by British expats living in Germany, employing semi-structured interviews with six British expats. Also included in the study is information about the expats’ use of different languages for different purposes. The findings indicate that i) they do not see the emergence of a Euro-English likely; ii) that their language choices are determined by inclusiveness; iii) that there may be different attitudes towards English in different parts of Germany; iv) that English is experienced as a door opener; and finally, v) multilingualism is a desired notion for them all. Combined, they suggest there is a discrepancy between the EU political line and the grass root reality.

This study focuses on expats, professionals and specialists from English-speaking countries who were sent by their employers to work abroad in Switzerland. They together with their families, were asked to move to a foreign country and start new lives. Although the relocation does bring a change in career and in most cases, a better personal economic situation, it also brings with it, big life changes. The most obvious changes are associated with separation from their ancestral homes and families, and the need for the establishment of new ones. The central point of this study is the question of what helps to create these new homes and what is involved in this sphere. The fieldwork, which was defined by cohabitation with the families, consisted of observation and analysis to determine the social and material practices through which expatriate families relate to their homes - and how it was narratively reflected. Some major points of observation included the universal need for the families to have with them, objects of a material nature that linked their new home to the original and contemporary home, and a tendency to establish social ties with other expats as a substitution of the family support network. Also observed were the aspects of the adaptation of the family members to their new homes and...

[pt] O processo de mobilidade global de talentos ganhou maior relevância nos últimos anos em razão da necessidade de competências específicas em diversos países, massificação da cultura corporativa em empresas subsidiárias no exterior ou por razões de desenvolvimento de competências no profissional a ser expatriado. O objetivo cerne da presente dissertação é demonstrar que um dos pilares chaves para o sucesso do profissional transferido ao exterior é a adaptação à cultura do país anfitrião. Para o atingimento deste objetivo utilizamos metodologia qualitativa, com foco exploratório descritivo, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram conduzidas com profissionais expatriados. Ao longo da presente dissertação identificamos que dificuldades no processo de adaptação podem potencializar situações de choque cultural ou até mesmo interromper a jornada internacional do funcionário transferido. Em contrapartida, os funcionários que possuem maior inteligência e agilidade cultural tendem a ser ajustar com maior sucesso à cultura do país anfitrião, mitigando potenciais efeitos em suas performances profissionais e colhendo melhores frutos em suas jornadas internacionais. O aprofundamento do presente trabalho permitirá correlação futura com os modelos de dimensões culturais existentes, que poderão funcionar como meio complementar no processo de seleção de futuros expatriados, permitindo identificar aqueles que possuem maiores competências culturais e consequentemente facilitando seu processo de adaptação à cultura do país anfitrião. / [en] The global talent mobility process has gained greater relevance in recent years due to the need for specific skills in different countries, massification of corporate culture in subsidiaries companies located abroad or for reasons related to developing individual s skills. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that one of the key pillars for the success of the professional transferred to work abroad is the need of adapting to the host country s culture. To achieve this objective, we used a qualitative methodology, with a descriptive exploratory focus, through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted with expatriate professionals. Throughout this dissertation, we identified that difficulties in the adaptation process can enhance situations of culture shock or even interrupt the international journey of the transferred employee. On the other hand, employees who have greater intelligence and cultural agility tend to adjust more successfully to the culture of the host country, mitigating potential effects on their professional performance and reaping better results on their international journeys. Deepening the present work will allow future correlation with the models of existing cultural dimensions, which may work as complementary means in the process of selection of future expatriates, allowing the identification of those who have greater cultural competences and consequently facilitating their process of adaptation to the culture of the host country.