O segundo livro publicado por Hélia Correia, O número dos vivos, em 1982, faz uma crítica aos modelos sociais da sociedade portuguesa da década de 40 do século XX. Essa crítica é alcançada no romance através do uso de estratégias narrativas como a ironia e a paródia, responsáveis por desencadear questionamentos no leitor. O romance tem como modelo a ser parodiado o cânone da literatura realista principalmente, Madame Bovary, de Gustave Flaubert, e O primo Basílio, de Eça de Queirós. Como resultado, há concomitantemente uma crítica aos ideais defendidos pelo realismo e à opressão sofrida pelas mulheres sob o sistema patriarcal português. A ironia, por sua vez, surge em conjunto com o modelo de masculinidade criado na segunda metade do século XIX e perpetuado até meados dos anos 50 do século seguinte. A análise das personagens masculinas parte da relação entre essa imagem do homem e as bases da sociedade portuguesa para criticar as instituições fundamentais para a manutenção da ditadura salazarista: Família, Igreja e Estado. Como forma de libertação dessa situação opressora, no romance, são encontrados prenúncios de uma transformação que estaria próxima e que traria uma nova configuração para a sociedade portuguesa, na qual seriam revistos os papéis das mulheres e dos homens na sociedade, além da redemocratização do país. / The second novel published by Hélia Correia, O número dos vivos, in 1982, critics the social standards in Portuguese society in the 40s of twentieth century. This critic is achieved in the novel through strategies as irony and parody. The novel has as the model for the parody the realist literature mainly, Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert and O primo Basílio by Eça de Queirós. As a result, there is at the same time a critic to the ideals endorsed by the Realism and to the oppression suffered by women under the patriarchy. Irony is studied in combination with the standard of masculinity created in the second half of 19th century and preserved until the 50s of the next century. The analysis of the masculine characters is based in this relation between the image of man and the foundations of Portuguese society in order to criticize the fundamental institutions of Salazars dictatorship: Family, Church and State. As a way to get rid of the oppression, in the novel, are found predictions of an imminent change that would bring a new configuration to the Portuguese society, where the roles of women and men would be revised, in addition to the return of the democracy.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-11-24T18:05:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DENIZYE ALEKSANDRA ZACHARIAS.pdf: 555487 bytes, checksum: ada24d21da2061f6c7aa9098d68607fe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T18:05:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DENIZYE ALEKSANDRA ZACHARIAS.pdf: 555487 bytes, checksum: ada24d21da2061f6c7aa9098d68607fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-12-02 / Objectifying to understand the process where the women leave to use the internal psychological resources, starting to present corporal symptoms, the present dissertation studies the teachers of the University Catholic of Goiás with manifestations of stress due to the current conditions of work. Using itself of interviews half-structuralized with five teachers it was possible to construct to the categorie family/sexuality that had allowed to evidence in the woman the feeling of guilt by means of the double day of work and a unsatisfied with relation to the sexual activity. Thus, to leave of these pointers, the feminine subjectivity emerges masochistic moral characterized for the desire of the woman of if making useful and necessary in the relation with its spouse. The category work/alienation was constructed mediated for the relation work and health, that the phenomenon portraits psychosomatic stress as a corporal manifestation of one badly to be that the women live deeply in the bulge of its feminine subjectivity masochistic constituted moral, adjusted to the conditions of capitalist production that, to remain itself, requires the subordination. Concludes it, therefore, that from a repressors education with supply icons of one she seals institutional, the women meet in a deceit split, where she stress it leaves of being private court of the individual particularities. Consisting in result of social and cultural, the economic interests mediate for way of the capitalist, enrolled production in the body of the teachers: cycle of the corporal reification. / Objetivando compreender o processo em que as mulheres deixam de utilizar os recursos psicológicos internos, passando a apresentar sintomas corporais, a presente dissertação estuda as professoras da Universidade Católica de Goiás com manifestações de estresse devido às condições atuais de trabalho. Utilizando-se de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com cinco professoras foi possível construir a categoria família/sexualidade que permitiu evidenciar na mulher o sentimento de culpa mediante a jornada dupla de trabalho e uma insatisfação com relação à atividade sexual. Assim, a partir destes indicadores, emerge a subjetividade feminina masoquista moral caracterizada pelo desejo da mulher de se fazer útil e necessária na relação com o seu cônjuge. A categoria trabalho/alienação foi construída mediada pela relação trabalho e saúde, que retrata o fenômeno psicossomático estresse como uma manifestação corporal de um mal estar que as mulheres vivenciam no bojo de sua subjetividade feminina masoquista moral constituída, adequada às condições de produção capitalista que, para se manter, requer a subordinação. Conclui-se, portanto, que a partir de uma educação repressora com ícones mantenedores de uma chancela institucional, as mulheres encontram-se em uma cisão introjetada, em que o estresse deixa de ser foro íntimo das particularidades individuais, constituindo-se em decorrência dos interesses econômico, social e cultural, mediatizados pelo modo de produção capitalista, inscrito no corpo das professoras: ciclo da reificação corporal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raissa Alves Chu.pdf: 362720 bytes, checksum: 0620d5b44f8bc2b17c111b48f5171933 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-25 / This work aims to investigate how are sustained the desires and intimacies of women who are responsible for their families and their children education and, nowadays are also responsible for business conducting in large enterprises in São Paulo. It seeks to understand the implications of business life in the intimacy of women, including their desires and pleasures. This objective is justified by the curiosity to understand how these women lead their personal lives at the same time as professional life, in a culture permeated by general male characteristics. Is it necessary to waive any behavior perceived as feminine to achieve positions of great responsibility? How they deal with a culture of increasing performance demand and (seemingly) endless? How they feel about their own families? To answer these questions, a diverse literature was used, since it passes through different academic areas Administration, Sociology, Psychology. In addition, interviews were conducted for the purpose of this study to become more complete and true to life. The results were enlightening, revealing and presenting a paradox that perhaps today is not so explicit to the women themselves, since they face the challenge of their own performing careers / Este trabalho objetiva investigar como se sustentam os desejos e intimidades de mulheres responsáveis por sua família e pela criação de seus filhos, e hoje ainda responsáveis pela condução de negócios em empresas de grande porte de SP. Procura compreender as implicações da vida empresarial na intimidade da mulher, inclusive em seus desejos e prazeres. Esse objetivo justifica-se pela curiosidade de compreender como essas mulheres conduzem sua vida pessoal concomitantemente à profissional, em uma cultura em geral permeada por características masculinas. É necessário abrir mão de algum comportamento entendido como feminino para alcançar cargos de grande responsabilidade? Como elas lidam com uma cultura de exigência performática cada vez maior e (aparentemente) sem fim? Como se sentem com relação às suas famílias? Para responder a essas perguntas foi utilizada uma bibliografia diversificada, já vez que o assunto perpassa diferentes áreas acadêmicas Administração, Sociologia, Psicologia. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas para que o objetivo deste estudo se tornasse mais completo e fiel à realidade. Os resultados obtidos foram enriquecedores, reveladores e portadores de um paradoxo que talvez hoje não esteja tão explícito para as próprias mulheres, uma vez que elas mesmas enfrentam o desafio de uma carreira performática

As revistas femininas surgem como um saber oficial que, de forma objetiva e imparcial, produz um efeito de transparência de sentido e de verdade sobre a mulher. Segundo a Análise do Discurso Pêcheutiana - AD (referencial teórico-metodológico adotado nesta pesquisa), este apagamento do processo de constituição do sentido faz com que o sujeito se reconheça e venha a ocupar o lugar ao qual é chamado no discurso. O sujeito é, nessa perspectiva, uma posição discursiva. Interpelado pela ideologia, o sujeito cria sentidos. Isto porque há uma necessidade de que os sentidos se sedimentem de modo a formar um universo logicamente estabilizado. Entretanto, Freud ao final da sua obra se pergunta o que quer a mulher?, enquanto que Lacan, no retorno à obra freudiana, propõe sua provocante fórmula A mulher não existe. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar recortes de revistas femininas de diversas épocas (de 1917 a 2007) a fim de propor como estas revistas constroem sentidos sobre o que é e o que quer a mulher a partir das condições de produção do discurso. Como a AD se interessa pela determinação histórica dos processos de significação, torna-se importante retomar a história do feminismo e textos acadêmicos de feministas, ambos tomados aqui como um interdiscurso presente no discurso das revistas femininas. Enquanto a Psicanálise tenta investigar como A mulher se constitui, a preocupação das revistas femininas é descrever a mulher e suas condutas, sedimentando e naturalizando sentidos e dando origem a uma norma de identificação. A Psicanálise trata de A mulher como uma posição do sujeito diante do gozo e da submissão à norma fálica (não-toda), de forma que A mulher não formaria uma regra como o homem, elas somente poderiam ser contadas uma a uma. Na via contrária, as revistas femininas constroem sentidos por meio de genéricos discursivos (fórmulas encapsuladas que codificam valores e crenças), naturalizando os sentidos atribuídos à mulher e suas atividades. Concluímos que tanto o movimento feminista, a fim de que funcione promovendo mudanças e rupturas de toda ordem (moral, religiosa, jurídica), quanto as revistas femininas, ao contrário da Psicanálise, propõem uma positividade de um sujeito universal mulher / Female magazines emerge as an official knowledge that objectively and impartially produces an effect of transparency of meaning and truth about woman. According to the Discourse Analysis proposed by Pêcheux -DA (the theoretical-methodological referential adopted by this research), this erasing of the constitution process of the meaning leads the subject to the recognition of itself and to the occupation of the place where it belongs in the discourse. In this perspective, the subject is a discursive position. Interpellated by the ideology, the subject creates meaning. That occurs because there is a need of sedimentation of sense so that it originates a logically stable universe. However, Freud at the end of his work asks himself what does the woman want, while Lacan, in his return to the Freudian work, proposes his provocative formula the woman does not exist. This dissertation aims to analyze female magazines extracts from different periods (from 1917 to 2007) to propose how these magazines build meanings about what is a woman and what a woman wants, under the discourse production conditions. Because the DA concerns the historical determination of the signification processes, it is important to return to the feminism history and to academic feminists texts, both seen here as an interdiscourse present in the discourse of female magazines. While the Psychoanalysis tries to investigate how The woman is formed, female magazines are concerned with describing the woman and her behavior, sedimenting and naturalizing meanings and originating a norm of identification. The Psychoanalysis considers The woman as a subject position in front of the joy and the submission of the phallic logic (not-whole), so the woman would not form a rule as the man, they could only be counted one by one. On the other hand, the female magazines build these meanings by using discursive generics (encapsulated formulas that codify values and beliefs), naturalizing the meanings assigned to the woman and her activities. We concluded that both the feminist movement, in order to promote changes and brakages of all kinds (moral, religious, juridical), and the female magazines, different from the Psychoanalysis, propose a positivity of an universal subject named woman

Investigamos os possíveis efeitos das experiências de atravessamento das identificações e representações do ser, implicados no conceito de gozo feminino de Jacques Lacan, e também no estudo da superação da metafísica no ser-o-aí (Dasein) de Martin Heidegger, ocasião de desvelamento em que o ser irrompe com uma singular estranheza (das Ereignis). Nosso objetivo foi o de esclarecer quais seriam possíveis finalidades clínicas e efeitos transformativos, face ao patológico, que o tratamento psicanalítico poderia conferir às experiências de transbordamento do ser para mais além das significações fálicas. Para tanto, a metodologia escolhida foi o estudo da obra de dois dos principais expoentes do século XX nos campos da filosofia e da psicanálise, legitimadores cada qual a seu modo da formalização e da escuta de um paradoxo: o ser é ao mesmo tempo íntimo e estrangeiro, radicalmente inacessível ao pensamento, e neste sentido se provaria êxtimo. Num primeiro momento, esclarecemos os sentidos da extimidade ou ek-sistência do ser nas obras de Heidegger, em textos de 1927 a 1966, e de Lacan, sobretudo no recorte de seu seminário 20 (1972-73), paradigmas com os quais pudemos trabalhar, em nosso último capítulo, certos desafios que a lacuna do ser traz à situação clínica. Como resultado, sustentamos a leitura de que o ser para a psicanálise lacaniana se apreende pelo conceito de gozo, em suas duas modalidades: ser da significância, correlata ao gozo fálico típico da fantasia neurótica, e Outra irrepresentável, denominada de gozo feminino. Como efeitos deste gozo desconhecido, desarticulador da representação objetal, dar-se-iam os temporários atravessamentos das identificações do sujeito, bem como das amarrações simbólicas do sintoma; experiências que podem transcorrer em efeitos de indeterminação produtiva. Concluímos que, sobretudo em virtude da vazão indizível do ser, podemos romper com uma leitura a nosso ver reducionista da psicanálise em que a perspectiva monoculturalista e falocêntrica perpetuasse, clinicamente, efeitos de sujeito em relação exclusivamente fálica-objetal com o ser. Defendemos finalmente a importância de uma 9 escuta psicanalítica capaz de diferenciar o ser do objeto, caso se atente também à insólita abertura de um ser para mais além do Falo / This research investigates the possible effects of certain experiences that cross over the identifications and representations of Being, implied on Jacques Lacans concept of feminine enjoyment and also regarding the overcoming of metaphysics in Martin Heideggers concept of Being-there (Dasein), which refers to an unconcealment experience in which Being bursts out with a singular strangeness (das Ereignis). We aim to clarify the clinical purposes and transformative effects on the pathological treatments which psychoanalysis may convey on the overflow experiences of Being beyond phallic signification. Therefore, the adopted methodology was to study the work of two of the twentieth centurys leading exponents in the fields of philosophy and psychoanalysis who legitimize, each in their own way, the formalization and the understanding of the following idea: that the inner being of man is out of his imaginary or representative reach, and by being inner and outer at the same time, Being is extimity. At first, we clarified how a strange possibility of enjoyment of extimacy or of the ek-sistence of Being is formulated in the works of Heidegger between 1927 and 1966, as well as in Lacans theory, especially within the clipping of his seminar 20 (1972-73). Thus, supported by those two paradigms, in our last chapter we could reflect about certain challenges that the unspeakable Being brings to the clinical situation. As the outcome of our research, we argue that the concept of Being in lacanian psychoanalysis is held by the concept of enjoyment in its two forms: firstly, as the Being of significance related to the phallic enjoyment of neurotic fantasy and, secondly, as the unrepresentable Other, related to the experience of extimacy within feminine enjoyment. As effects of this unknown enjoyment, devoid of object representation, the subjects identifications, as well as the symbolic symptoms bindings, would helplessly flow through; which characterizes them as experiences that could elapse productive indeterminacy effects. Finally, after studying the problems of Being and of the Unspeakable in clinical practice, we conclude that due to the unspeakable outflow of 11 Being through the perspective of certain experiences of indetermination, it is possible to break, as we understand it, the reductionist interpretation of psychoanalysis in which the monoculturalistic and phallocentric perspective could clinically perpetuate the effects of the subject in exclusively phallic-objectal relations with its Being. We finally stand for the importance of a psychoanalytical listening also capable of differentiating Being and object, as long as psychoanalysts look out for an opening of Being beyond the Phallus

Student Number : 9803476V - MA research report - School of Arts - Faculty of Humanities / By drawing on contemporary scholarship that addresses spectatorship in the cinema generally, and in the horror genre specifically, I analyze the perverse pleasure afforded by The Blair Witch Project. To do this I argue that pleasure in horror is afforded through the masochistic positioning of the viewer, especially in relation to psychoanalytic theories surrounding gender in spectator positioning. I also look at the way the film re-deploys conventions, both documentary conceptions of the ‘real’, as well as generic expectations of horror, to activate the perverse pleasure of horror.

This thesis examines the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and the archetypal images therein. The Scarlet Letter is discussed extensively with references made to The Blithedale Romance. Characters in the following short stories are referred to: “Rappaccini’s Daughter,” “Young Goodman Brown” and “The Birthmark.” An overall analysis of feminine repression in both male and female characters is explored. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Pearl are the subjects of lengthy discussion. Journeys, both inward and outward are explored in the characters. The context is nineteenth-century culture of which Hawthorne is a product. The characters in The Scarlet Letter search for a complete existence, an integration of the unconscious and the conscious. Through a mythological study of Hawthorne’s work, we draw closer to understanding this complex example of nineteenth-century literature.

Le sujet n'existe pas en dehors de son rapport à la culture et à la société, ni du langage qui le construisent. Le passage transculturel peut déchoir le sujet de la place qui lui était donné au sein de sa langue maternelle. Et ce dernier se retrouve inévitablement étranger, en recherche d'une modalité d'existence. Le passage touche les fondements mêmes des identifications et peut confronter le sujet à une bascule entre l'angoisse de disparition et la liberté due à une illusion d'un affranchissement de la castration. Cependant, une coupure dans le rapport du sujet à l'Autre n'élimine pas les questionnements sur son être sexué : au contraire, le hors-norme de leur position est susceptible de les réactiver. Tout le monde connaît le fameux aphorisme de Simone de Beauvoir : « On ne naît pas femme on le devient »1. Ce constat fait un écho à la position de Sigmund Freud qui s’interroge jusqu’à la fin de sa vie sur ce que veut la femme. Le premier à mettre en doute les normes innées du sexe biologique, il démontre, grâce au complexe d’Œdipe, les chemins qu’emprunte le sujet comme être social pour devenir homme ou femme. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous examinons les chemins que peuvent emprunter certaines femmes – migrantes russophones de la première génération – prises dans la problématique du devenir féminin dans le contexte d'un entre-deux du passage. / The subject doesn't exist apart from its relation to culture and society nor frome the language that constructs it. The transcultural passage can deprive the subject of his place within the mother-tongue, and he finds himself inevitably foreign, in search of a modality of existence. The passage touches the very foundations of the identifications and can confront the subject to a rocking between the anguish of disappearance and the liberty due to an illusion of the freedoom from castration. However, an abruption in the relation of the subject to the Other does not eliminate the questions about his sexual being : on the contrary, the out-of-norm of their position is susceptible to reactivate them. Everyone knows the famous aphorism of Simone de Beauvoir : « One is not born, bay rather becomes, a woman ». This observation echoes the position of Sigmund Freud who questions himself until the end of his life on what the woman wants. The first to question the innate norms of sex, he demonstrates, with the aid of the Oedipus complex, the paths that the subject takes as a social being to become a man or a woman. In this thesis, we examine the paths that find some women taken in the issue of women's becoming in the context of a transcultural passage. All of them are the first-generation Russian-speaking migrants.

Cervical cancer is the primary cause of cancer deaths among Haitian women; however, the social context of cervical cancer among Haitian immigrant women has not been systematically examined. The ways in which women assign meaning to this disease, understand its causality and situate it within the broader context of gynecological health are poorly understood. Further, Haitian immigrant women's perceptions of disease risk, including knowledge and understanding about Human Papillomavirus (HPV), the primary etiologic factor in cervical cancer, have not been explored. Few studies have assessed health behaviors, including culturally mediated feminine hygiene practices, among Haitian immigrant women, which may negatively impact gynecological health. This exploratory study examines these dimensions of gynecological health using ethnographic methods including participant observation, observation, informal and semistructured interviewing and surveys. Ethnographic data contextualize this disease in larger cultural and historical contexts. In addition, these data informed the construction of a 92-item survey, ensuring content validity of the personal questions women were asked about feminine hygiene practices and the agents they use. This survey, administered to 246 women in Little Haiti, Miami, represents an application of medical anthropology to epidemiologic research. Each survey respondent also was evaluated for cytology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HPV, using a self-sampling medical device. Quantitative analysis of survey data indicates that prevalent STIs (Chlamydia) are significantly associated with feminine hygiene practices; however, HPV infection and cervical cancer are not associated with the practices. The practices are likely underreported in the survey sample. Qualitative analysis reveals that women's constructions of gynecological health are inseparable from cultural beliefs that emphasize feminine hygiene. Beliefs guide behaviors, which include vaginal douching and intravaginal washing, using plant-based therapies, imported commercial products and chemical compounds. These practices serve the purpose of not only cleaning, but also drying and tightening the vaginal environment for increased sexual pleasure of male partners. Attempts to preserve relationships, and reduce the chance that partners will take mistresses, occur through maintaining intimate hygiene and, in some cases, by other ethnomedical means.

According to the latest Celluloid Ceiling Report, conducted by the Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film at San Diego State University, only 7% of all directors working on the top 250 films in the United States in 2014 were women. These bleak statistics no doubt replicate the condition of women in countless other national cinemas. It is, therefore, critical that more attention be given to the women who do manage to succeed in the male-dominated film industry. In my dissertation, I examine the work of two major French women filmmakers, Catherine Breillat and Claire Denis, who have resisted the kind of marginalization and even erasure of women’s presence which this data represents, achieving along the way distinction not just in the French, but in the global cinema context. I analyze their work primarily through the lens of auteur theory and the Cixousian notion of the feminine. For the purpose of this work, I define an auteur as a filmmaker who has established a distinctive but evolving style as well as a set of thematic preoccupations across a significant number of films and a considerable span of time and whose films are recognizable no matter the subject they treat or the context in which they are made. At its inception, auteur theory signaled a radical break with the tradition of film adaptations and literary screenplays that either did not understand or did not care to exploit the specificity of the filmic medium. Yet, in spite of the revolutionary aspects of auteurism, it has remained somewhat regressive in its recognition of and engagement with gender problematics. The putative gender neutrality of auteurism is, in practice, an assumption of masculinity. Female film directors who achieve auteur status (a minority compared to the number of men given the same consideration) are then marked by their difference, they are not simply auteurs but female auteurs. While this designation is potentially limiting, I assert that it is, in fact, a valuable designation, since it has opened up a space for female filmmakers to rewrite dominant cultural narratives and from a feminine perspective. Claire Denis and Catherine Breillat consistently practice a feminine form of filmmaking, that is, filmmaking that opposes through form and representation, the logical, teleological narratives and adherence to patriarchal values associated with traditional filmmaking. While traditional, masculine filmmaking is designed to halt the proliferation of meaning, feminine filmmaking allows for ellipses, creates a space for the unsaid and the unknowable; it asks questions but does not answer them; it allows the reader or viewer to participate in the production of meaning. These are the kinds of films that Denis and Breillat are making and they need to be recognized for their exemplary artistic contributions as well as the space they have created for others to challenge the status quo in the film industry.