Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio de Souza Aranha Cascione.pdf: 551194 bytes, checksum: b85ab45be9a8467a82aaeafa32b9a08e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-10 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The occurrence of the great crisis of 2008, comparable in structure to the crisis of 1929, he resurrected the relevance of the study of French regulation theory, largely forgotten in the 2000s (largely due to the prevalence of neoliberal thinking in OECD countries and in some emerging economies such as Brazil). This can be explained by the approach of the scholars of regulation theory about capitalism have begun the study of a crisis of capitalism. Specifically, the final crisis of Fordism in the 1970s, as discussed below. This paper will seek, through the French school of regulation - of Marxist origin - have a look at the Brazilian capitalist mode of regulation in a critical way, and illuminate new possibilities for state intervention in the economy (particularly in the National Financial System), conforms with the establishment of just social relations. The suggestion for a new form of intervention of the National Financial System state1 would be possible and even legitimate, after a good grasp of the theory of regulation. / Muito do que se estuda sobre intervenção estatal na economia parte de um fundamento econômico para definir os modos desta intervenção. Por exemplo, os ensinamentos keynesianos geraram a concepção e introdução do welfare state em muitos países ocidentais. Os ensinamentos de Hayek e Schumpeter deram margem à intervenção através da limitação de monopólios ou oligopólios (SCHUMPETER, 1988). Os neoliberais, reversamente, pregaram a intervenção estatal mínima. Invariavelmente, esses estudos estão alinhados com as várias visões ideológicas voltadas para o estabelecimento de um modo capitalista de estruturação da sociedade. A ocorrência da grande crise de 2008, comparável em termos estruturais à crise de 1929, fez ressurgir a pertinência do estudo da teoria da regulação francesa, praticamente esquecida nos anos 2000 (em grande medida por conta da prevalência do pensamento neoliberal nos países da OCDE e em alguns emergentes, como o Brasil). E isso pode ser explicado pelo fato de a abordagem dos estudiosos da teoria da regulação sobre o capitalismo ter-se iniciado no estudo de uma crise do capitalismo. Especificamente, a crise do final do Fordismo, na década de 1970, como se verá adiante. O presente trabalho procurará, através da escola da regulação francesa - de origem marxista lançar um olhar sobre o modo de regulação capitalista brasileiro de forma crítica, e iluminar novos horizontes para a intervenção estatal na economia (em particular no Sistema Financeiro Nacional), coadunando-se com o estabelecimento de relações sociais justas. A sugestão para uma nova forma de intervenção do Estado1 no Sistema Financeiro Nacional seria possível, e mesmo legitimada, após uma boa apreensão da teoria da regulação.

O presente trabalho visa analisar as implicações e desafios impostos ao direito penal na tutela da criminalidade econômica atual, especialmente no que tange ao delito de gestão fraudulenta de instituição financeira, previsto no caput do artigo 4º da Lei 7.492/86, delito mais severamente apenado na Lei dos Crimes contra o Sistema Financeiro Nacional. Em razão de sua descrição absolutamente genérica e da gravidade da sanção cominada buscar-se-á interpretar suas elementares típicas de forma conectada aos motivos que ensejaram a sua edição, bem como relacionada ao bem jurídico tutelado pela norma, aplicando-se redutores teleológicos no desiderato de conferir ao tipo uma identidade própria, agregando coerência interna na própria lei e minimizando os recorrentes problemas quanto ao âmbito de incidência de seus dispositivos legais, por vezes dispostos em situação de conflito aparente de normas. Nesses termos, o crime de gestão fraudulenta de instituição financeira será decomposto em todos os seus elementos típicos, objetivos e subjetivos, observando-se sua objetividade jurídica, objeto material, sujeitos ativos, passivos, concurso de pessoas, consumação e tentativa. Posteriormente, será adentrado à problemática do concurso aparente de normas entre o crime estudado gestão fraudulenta de instituição financeira e os demais tipos penais previstos na Lei 7.492/86, especialmente em relação aos tipos penais previstos nos artigos 5º, 6º, 9º, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21 e 22. A análise será feita com base nas relações lógico-conceituais entre os preceitos normativos, seguida de uma interpretação teleológica e valorativa, com base nos critérios de resolução de conflito aparente de normas propostos pela doutrina especialidade, subsidiariedade, consunção e alternatividade. Ao final, as conclusões encontradas serão confrontadas com o recorte jurisprudencial dos julgados atinentes à matéria, proferidos pelo Tribunal Regional Federal da 3º Região nos últimos 10 anos (01/01/2003 a 31/12/2013). / This work intends to analyze the implications and challenges imposed on criminal law for the defense of current economic crimes, especially in regards to the crime of mismanagement of financial institutions provided for in the main provision of Article 4 of Law No. 7492/86, a crime punished by maximum sentence in the Law of Crimes against the National Financial System. As a result of its completely general description and the severity of the sanction imposed, the interpretation of its typical elements shall be made in connection with the motives which originated the enactment thereof, as well as relating to the legal interest protected by the rule, while applying teleological reducers for the purpose of conferring a proper identity to the definition of the crime, adding internal consistency to the law itself and minimizing recurring problems regarding the scope of incidence of the legal provisions thereof, at times applied in situations of apparent conflict of rules. This way, the crime of mismanagement of financial institutions will be decomposed into all its typical objective and subjective elements, addressing legal objectivity, material object, perpetrators, victims, co-perpetration, consummation and attempt. Next, it will address the issue of the apparent joinder of rules between the crime examined - mismanagement of financial institution - and other criminal offenses established by Law 7492/86, especially in relation to criminal offenses provided for in Articles 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21 and 22. The analysis will be based on logical-conceptual relations between the normative precepts, followed by a teleological and judgmental interpretation, based on the solution criteria of apparent conflict of rules proposed by the jurists - specialty, subsidiarity, merger and alternativity. Finally, the conclusions reached will be confronted with case law clippings of decisions regarding the matter granted by the Federal Regional Court of the third Region in the past 10 years (01/01/2003 to 12/31/2013).

This thesis analyzes the development of financial system of the People's Republic of China in the period from 1995 to 2015. The thesis is solved in the continuing process of Chinese economy liberalization. Main goal of the thesis is to analyze particular aspects of Chinese financial and monetary system and point out its potential risks as well. To achieve this goal the method of analysis has been chosen, especially system analysis and sector analysis. The thesis shows that one of main risks of the liberalization of Chinese financial sector is especially growing loans volume in its economy which is connected in growing rate of non-productive loans respectively. Next risk is the structure of investors in capital market. Based on findings it is able to say the highest risk of banking sector is connected with growing shadow banking as the alternative financing method. The thesis finds the completing of capital account liberalization and interest rate liberalization to be important too. Main benefit of the thesis except of Chinese financial sector analysis is comparison of different point of views about forecasting of future of the Chinese economy.

My thesis titled The Monetary Policy of the Central Bank of Armenia starts with characteristics of Armenia, where I focus on economic attributes of the country, international conflicts and their effects on Armenia, population development, poverty and corruption. The second part is focused on economic development of Armenia, the country's employment rate, particular items of the balance of payments and international trade. Furthermore, this part also consists of information related to the development of Armenian currency and the country's foreign debt. The third, significant part of my thesis deals with the Central Bank of Armenia and Armenia's financial system, concentrating mainly on history and the present of the subject central bank. Later in this part, I inquire into Armenia's monetary policy, where I focus on its applied transmission mechanisms and the CBA's instruments.The final part of this thesis is about what effects the CBA has on Armenia's economic development. I look into effects of monetary policy on price level development and meeting the inflation objectives. The conclusion part summarizes and gathers all pieces of information I have obtained by studying numerous literature resources and conducting personal interviews with several representatives of the Armenian banking system.This part also summarizes benefits of the CBA and its effects on economic development of Armenia, credibility evaluation and effectiveness in the objectives.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sergio_cosmo_ferreira_neto_parte1.pdf: 30428178 bytes, checksum: b20f6a228b3ff5dc01bf8e0f82a855be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-22 / The study has the scope to examine the housing policy developed by the State through legislation pertaining to the Housing Finance System. The housing, world-scale problem, is a universal human rights, and since 1948, with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, was so proclaimed. In Brazil, the right to housing is among the fundamental social rights. Far from there a favorable situation to the achievement of this objective, the policy developed by the state through the law of the Housing Finance System, dated 1964, supported more by financial bases than social and housing bases, has led to several problems that uses its, resulting in thousands of lawsuits. Among the most sensitive issues is the elimination of the payment of residual debt through the Fund for Compensation of Salary Variations - FCVS, state fund guarantor of the contract. The examination will seek to be grounded in doctrine, law and jurisprudence, and through quantitative analysis that involves the issue. The study aims to contribute to the construction of diagnosis of this problem that affects thousands of individuals removing the full access to the right to housing. All under the legal approach with the intent to promote the application of research in solving the legal battles involved with the subject and to provide that the laws adopted in the next housing policies don't cause, as before, the mass of lawsuits. / O estudo tem o escopo de examinar a política de moradia desenvolvida pelo Estado através da legislação atinente ao Sistema Financeiro de Habitação. A moradia, problema de envergadura mundial, constitui um dos direitos humanos universal, e, desde 1948, com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, foi assim proclamado. No Brasil, o direito à moradia encontra-se dentre os direitos sociais fundamentais. Longe de existir um quadro favorável quanto à concretização desse objetivo, a política desenvolvida pelo Estado, através da legislação do Sistema Financeiro de Habitação, datada de 1964, alicerçada por institutos mais financeiros que sociais/habitacionais, vem gerando diversos problemas aos que dele se utiliza, ocasionando milhares de demandas judiciais. Dentre os temas mais sensíveis encontra-se a supressão da quitação do saldo devedor residual através do Fundo de Compensação de Variações Salariais FCVS, fundo estatal garantidor do contrato. O exame buscará ser alicerçado na doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência, bem como na análise quantitativa que envolve o tema. O estudo visa contribuir na construção do diagnóstico deste problema que atinge milhares de indivíduos e afasta o acesso pleno ao direito à moradia, tudo sob o enfoque jurídico, no intento de fomentar a aplicação da pesquisa na solução dos embates jurídicos envolvidos com o tema, além de propiciar que as leis adotadas nas políticas habitacionais a serem desenvolvidas não gerem, como outrora, a massificação de demandas judiciais.

De svenska fastighetsbolagen har en stor betydelse för den svenska finansiella stabiliteten. Dessa bolag står för omkring 10–25 procent av de svenska bankernas privata utlåning. När inflationen ökar innebär det även att utlåningsräntorna ökar, vilket påverkar fastighetsbolagen betalningsförmåga och på så sätt även det svenska finansiella systemet. Riksbanken ökar styrräntan i syfte att minska fluktuationer i den svenska ekonomin, däremot innebär en ökad ränta att investeringsefterfrågan minskar då risken ökar som i sin tur innebär att avkastningskraven blir högre och fastighetsvärden lägre. Inflationens påverkan på fastighetsbolagens finansiella beslutsfattande är mångdimensionellt då det påverkar deras finansierings- och investeringsbeslut. Den låga räntenivån som uppstod efter finanskrisen 2008–2009 innebar att fastighetsbolag började vända sig till kapitalmarknaden mer än till bankerna, på grund av gynnsamma finansieringsvillkor. Denna studie syftar till att beskriva hur fastighetsbolagens finansiella beslutsfattande påverkas av den ökade inflationsnivån. Studiens utförande var en deskriptiv tvärsnittsstudie med sex fastighetsbolag som undersökningsobjekt. Primärdata som samlats in har hämtats från de semistrukturerade intervjuer som utförts i syfte att besvara forskningsfrågan. Sekundärdata i form av årsrapporter och litteratur har inhämtats för att i analysen förklara och skapa förståelse för primärdata. Studiens resultat påvisar att fastighetsbolagen agerar utifrån ett rationellt beslutsfattande, men att investerarna på kapitalmarknaden och säljarna på fastighetsmarknaden agerar irrationellt. Rationaliteten utformas av att bolagen aktivt väljer att finansiellt arbeta långsiktigt och försiktigt i syfte att gardera sig för förändrade marknadsförhållanden. Kapital- och fastighetsmarknadens irrationella tendenser utformas av att det råder asymmetrisk information till följd av den ökade inflationsnivå, vilket skapar osäkerheter och informationsövertag för bolagen gentemot investerare och säljare. Sammanfattningsvis dras slutsatsen att räntenivån är en viktig faktor som påverkar bolagens finansiella beslutsfattande. Slutsatsen bygger på att räntenivån påverkar lånevillkoren för både banklån och kapitalfinansiering, vilket vidare påverkar hur bolagen väljer finansiera sig under förändrade marknadsförhållanden. / The real estate companies are of great importance for Swedish financial stability. These companies account for around 10-25 percent of the Swedish banks´ private lending. An increased inflation results in increased lending rates which effects the commercial real estate companies’ ability to pay back the loans and thus also the Swedish financial system. The Riksbank increases the policy rate when inflation reaches higher levels to reduce fluctuations in the Swedish economy. However, an increased rate leads to lower investment demand because of the growing risk, which in turn means that yield requirements increase, and property values lowers. The impact of inflation on the real estate companies´ financial decision-making is multidimensional as it affects their financial and investment decision. The low level of interest rates that arose after the financial crisis of 2008-2009 meant that real estate companies began to turn to the capital market more than to the banks, due to favourable financing decisions. This study aims to describe how the real estate companies´ financial decision-making is affected by the increased level of inflation. The study carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with six real estate companies as subjects of investigation. The primary data collected has been taken from the semi-structured interviews conducted to answer to research question. Secondary data in the form of annual reports and literature have been collected to explain and create an understanding of the primary data in the analysis. The results of the study demonstrate that the real estate companies act based on rational decision-making while investors and sellers act irrational. The rationality is shaped by the fact that the companies actively choose to work financially long-term and cautiously to guard against changing market conditions. The capital- and real estate markets irrational tendencies are shaped by heightened asymmetric information that is a result of the increased level of inflation. Asymmetric information creates uncertainties and information superiority for the companies in relation to investors and seller. In summary, the study concludes that the interest rate is an important factor that affects companies´ financial decision-making. The conclusion is based on that the interest rate affects the loan terms for both bank loans and capital financing, which further influences how the companies choose to finance themselves under changed market conditions.

Background and problem discussion: Frauds have increased drastically and changed in nature over the years. The risk management of fraud has become increasingly important and a tangible problem, especially in the Swedish banking sector where the incidence of fraud has increased significantly. The increased number of frauds is mainly due to the progress of digitization, which has introduced several new payment systems that highlight major risks for the financial system.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze which strategies and measures have been implemented by Swedens's banking sector counteract occuring fraud on stakeholders. The study will focus on mapping Swedish banks risk management and countering fraud in digitzation in order to protect stakeholders assets. Research questions: What strategies has Sweden's banking sector applied in fraud risk management to create sustainable security for its stakeholders? How do Swedish banks work to counter fraud? Method: In this study, a research design that combines both quantitative and qualitative methods has been applied to answer the research questions that concern the study. By using a combination of interviews and surveys, numerical data and descriptive information have been collected from respondents in relation to fraud risk management. Results and conlusion: The collected empirical analysis showed that the three major Swedish banks continuously strive to improve their strategies and streamline their fraud risk management. Despite these efforts, the need for further development and improvement emerges, as indicated by the statistics in the study. The conclusion suggests that some bank customers have become victims of fraud and have not been informed by their banks. The banks can review areas of improvement to reduce financial losses and increase customer confidence in the banking sector. The study showed that effective risk management is a crucial role in the banks, to be able to counter and challenge fraud in the long term. / Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Bedrägerier har ökat drastiskt och ändrat karaktär under åren. Riskhanteringen av bedrägerier har blivit alltmer betydelsefull och ett påtagligt problem, särskilt inom den svenska banksektorn där förekomsten av bedrägerier ökat markant. Antalet ökade bedrägerier beror främst på digitaliseringens framfart som infört en rad nya betalningssystem som framhäver stora risker för det finansiella systemet. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva och analysera vilka strategier och åtgärder som har implementerats av Sveriges banksektor för att motverka förekommande bedrägerier på intressenter. Studien kommer fokusera på att kartlägga svenska bankers riskhantering och motverkande av bedrägerier inom digitalisering för att skydda intressenternas tillgångar. Forskningsfrågor: Vilka strategier har Sveriges banksektorn tillämpat vid riskhantering av bedrägerier för att skapa en hållbar trygghet hos deras intressenter? Hur arbetar svenska banker med att motverka bedrägerier? Metod: I denna studie har forskningsdesign som kombinerar både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod tillämpats för att besvara de forskningsfrågor som berör studien. Genom att använda en kombination av intervjuer och enkäter har numerisk data och beskrivande information kunnat samlas in från respondenterna i relation till riskhantering av bedrägeri. Resultat och slutsats: Den insamlade empiriska analysen visade att de tre storbankerna kontinuerligt strävar efter att förbättra sina strategier och effektivisera sin riskhantering av bedrägerier. Trots dessa ansträngningar framkommer behovet av ytterligare utveckling och förbättringar, vilket indikeras av statistiken i studien. Slutsatsen tyder på att en del bankkunder har blivit offer för bedrägerier och har inte blivit informerade av sina banker. Bankerna kan se över förbättringsområden för att minska de ekonomiska förlusterna och öka kundernas förtroende för banksektorn. Studien visade på att effektiv riskhantering är en avgörande för banker, för att kunna motverka och utmana bedrägerier på långsikt.

RESUME La construction d un systeme financier sain et concurrentiel capable de mobiliser de facon substantielle des hauts niveaux d epargne et l amelioration des normes de supervision bancaire et financier pour assurer la stabilite du systeme sont deux des recommandations souvent faites par les institutions internationales pour permettre aux pays africains de participer pleinement a l expansion de la prosperite mondiale et a beneficier de la globalisation du commerce des services financiers. Cette these essaie de trouver les voies et moyens susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration et au renforcement de la supervision bancaire au Congo, et in fine [le secteur bancaire etant le plus important du systeme financier] permettre l eclosion d un systeme financier moderne et efficace qui rencontre les normes internationales. Dans une premiere etape qui consiste en un etat des lieux du systeme financier congolais et en une analyse critique de la gestion bancaire ( chapitre 1 et chapitre 2 ); les analyses : - ressortent les caracteristiques du systeme financier congolais ; - soulignent les contraintes structurelles ayant entrave trois decennies de gestion bancaire ; - evaluent les chances de succes des reformes mises en oeuvre par les autorites; - proposent en des termes generaux, les ameliorations a porter au cadre reglementaire et de supervision du secteur bancaire afin de reduire les imperfections, de renforcer l efficacite et la stabilite du systeme dans son ensemble. Dans une seconde etape, un menu plus restreint de propositions faites au terme de l etat des lieux du systeme financier et de l analyse critique de la gestion bancaire est passe en revue. Les contributions de la these dans cette etape consistent : - en la proposition d outils concrets de supervision bancaire pour faire face a la carence d outils de gestion prudentielle preventive ; (chapitre 3) - en recommandations pour ameliorer : la politique de provisionnement des creances et le fonctionnement des institutions de microfinance ; ( chapitre 4) - a degager dans une demarche d analyse strategique, les pistes susceptibles de contribuer a l amelioration de la sante et la solidite du systeme financier congolais apres evaluation prealable de sa competitivite (chapitre 5) SUMMARY The construction of an healthy and competitive financial system able to mobilize high levels of saving and the improvement of the standards of banking and financial supervision to ensure the stability of the system are two of the recommendations often made by international institutions to help African countries to take part in the expansion of world prosperity and to profit from the globalization of financial services. This thesis tries to find the ways to contribute to the improvement and the reinforcement of the banking supervision in Congo, and in fine [ the banking environment being most significant of the financial system ] to allow the blossoming of a modern and effective financial system which meets international standards. In a first stage which consists in an overview of the Congolese financial system and in a critical analysis of the banking management ( chapter 1 & chapter 2) ; our analyses : - release the characteristics of the Congolese financial system ; - underline the structural constraints having blocked three decades of banking management ; - evaluate the chances of success of the reforms implemented by the authorities ; - propose in general terms, the improvements to be carried in order to reduce the imperfections of the banking supervision, to reinforce the effectiveness and the stability of the banking system. In the second stage, a more restricted menu of proposals made at the end of the first stage is reviewed. The contributions of the thesis in this stage consist: - in the proposal of concrete tools for banking supervision to face the deficiency of preventive prudential management tools; ( chapter 3) - in recommendations to improve : the policy of provisioning bad debts and the management of Microfinance institutions; (chapter 4) - in an evaluation of the competitiveness of the Congolese financial system and in the identification of ways which can contribute to the improvement of its safety and solidity by using a strategic analysis approach. ( chapter 5)

The thesis deals with the concept of financial systems of municipal budgets, especially in relation to different categories of municipalities and its size. The aim is to analyze the current legal regulation in this field and suggest legislative changes that could improve its existent state. The first chapter provides the theoretical basis for the subsequent analysis as well as for the recommendations presented in further chapters. Basic terms important to municipally policy, independent competence of municipalities and delegated powers of municipalities are defined here together with the basic principles of municipality finance system. The second chapter deals with the regulation of main sources of income of municipally budgets in the Czech Republic. The content of this chapter is concerned to legislation in Act on Budgetary Allocation of Taxes, Act on Local Fees, Act on Property Tax and legal regulation of subsidies. This chapter contains the characteristics of each individual income, presents a critical evaluation of its main advantages and disadvantages in relation to municipalities finance and a short summary of the issue. The third chapter outlines from the previous parts of the thesis and presents an analysis of selected municipalities of different categories and size. Analysis completes the...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Favaro Lucchesi.pdf: 1416320 bytes, checksum: b23b6c56842617763c8ed3c1f14fa5e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-18 / The main objective is to investigate the movements of change and continuity in Bank Of Brazil (BB) policies through the period of Lula government (2003-2010), based on a comparison of this period and the one correspondent to president Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002). It is also in focus to purpose and evaluate statistics of the BB as a joint capital company, what demands to analyze its capability to respond both to the controlling shareholder (the National Treasure, once it is a state owned bank) and the commercial bank logic that is, to achieve financial profits. In addition, this work discusses the role of BB during the international credit crises and attempts to offer elements for a better analysis of Lula government. Therefore literature with discussions about state owned banks is reviewed. In addition, it is provided data research of Brazilian financial system, BB and Brazilian private banks as big as BB. The general conclusion is that the BB is presenting an increasingly commercial aspect, although the bank remains an important instrument of government policies and has presented a central performance during the crises / A dissertação trata da trajetória do Banco do Brasil (BB) no período correspondente ao governo Lula (2003-2010), tendo por objetivo investigar as principais mudanças e a continuidade no caráter da atividade do banco, comparando principalmente com o que se verificou no governo FHC (1995-2002). Faz parte do escopo deste trabalho a proposição e a utilização de indicadores para avaliar o desempenho do BB como empresa de economia mista, o que implica analisar sua atuação tanto no atendimento às políticas públicas delineadas pelo seu acionista principal, o Tesouro Nacional (o que diz respeito ao seu caráter de banco público), como na atividade comercial bancária, de intermediação financeira. Também é objetivo deste trabalho estudar o papel do BB na crise internacional de crédito, assim como oferecer elementos em geral para a análise do período Lula. Para tanto, é feita uma revisão da literatura que aborda o debate sobre o papel dos bancos públicos, e em seguida são levantados os dados disponíveis do sistema financeiro nacional, do BB e de bancos privados nacionais do mesmo porte para contextualizar sua atuação. Em linhas gerais, o trabalho aponta para um peso crescente da atividade comercial no BB, ainda que opere importantes políticas do governo e tenha apresentado um papel central durante a crise