Η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά την επίδραση των πετρογραφικών παραμέτρων στις φυσικομηχανικές ιδιότητες των οφιολιθικών πετρωμάτων Πίνδου και Βούρινου. Επιπρόσθετα, μελετώνται ορισμένα δείγματα από τα οφιολιθικά συμπλέγματα του Κόζιακα και της ανατολικής Όθρυος και ορισμένα Τριαδικά ηφαιστειακά πετρώματα από την περιοχή του Δομοκού. Tα συλλεχθέντα δείγματα αξιολογούνται για την καταλληλότητά τους ως αδρανή υλικά. Επιπλέον, διερευνάται η καταλληλότητα υγιών υπερβασικών δειγμάτων στη βιομηχανία πυρίμαχων. Στις υπό μελέτη εμφανίσεις πραγματοποιήθηκε λεπτομερής γεωλογική χαρτογράφηση. Ακολούθησε πετρογραφική εξέταση των επιμέρους λιθότυπων και ποσοτικοποίηση των ορυκτολογικών συστατικών τους. Εφαρμόστηκαν σύγχρονες τεχνικές με ηλεκτρονικό μικροσκόπιο σάρωσης, μικροσκόπιο φθορισμού και λογισμικό ψηφιακής επεξεργασίας εικόνας. Διερευνήθηκε επίσης ο τρόπος διάδοσης των μικρορωγμών κατά τη μοναξονική φόρτιση των πετρωμάτων και δόθηκε έμφαση στην πιθανή συμμετοχή αμιαντούχων ορυκτών σε αυτά. Προσδιορίστηκαν οι γεωμετρικές, φυσικομηχανικές, φυσικοχημικές και χημικές ιδιότητες των δειγμάτων και διαπιστώθηκε ότι οι βασικοί λιθότυποι παρουσιάζουν υψηλότερη μηχανική αντοχή από τους υπερβασικούς, ενώ οι τραχίτες έχουν συνήθως μεταβατικά χαρακτηριστικά μεταξύ των δύο παραπάνω κατηγοριών πετρωμάτων. Οι συσχετίσεις μεταξύ των προσδιορισθέντων ιδιοτήτων διερευνήθηκαν με ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης και παραγοντική ανάλυση. Οι ιδιότητες των βασικών και υπερβασικών λιθότυπων τείνουν να βελτιώνονται όσο μειώνεται ο βαθμός εξαλλοίωσης. Εξαίρεση αποτελεί ο δείκτης αντίστασης σε στίλβωση, ο οποίος τείνει να βελτιώνεται αυξανομένου του βαθμού υδροθερμικής μεταμόρφωσης. Για τους δολερίτες διατυπώθηκαν δύο νέοι μικροπετρογραφικοί δείκτες, ο δείκτης αντοχής (Ips) και ο δείκτης αντικατάστασης (Irep), οι οποίοι αποτελούν ποσοτική έκφραση των πετρογραφικών μεταβολών που λαμβάνουν χώρα κατά την εξαλλοίωση. Για τους υπερβασικούς λιθότυπους εισήχθηκε ο λόγος OOS, ο οποίος εκφράζει το βαθμό διατήρησης των πρωτογενών ορυκτών κατά τη σερπεντινίωση. Για τον προσδιορισμό του βαθμού εξαλλοίωσης των υπερβασικών πετρωμάτων εισήχθηκε ο δείκτης ευκίνητων στοιχείων (Im). Οι υπό μελέτη λιθότυποι είναι κατάλληλοι για χρήση ως αδρανή σκυροδεμάτων, κονιαμάτων, οδοποιίας, σκύρων σιδηροτροχιών, φίλτρων και βράχων θωράκισης, με εξαίρεση τους έντονα σερπεντινιωμένους και τεκτονισμένους χαρτσβουργίτες και τους τραχίτες. Ακόμη, τα υγιή υπερβασικά δείγματα είναι κατάλληλα για χρήση ως πρώτες ύλες στη βιομηχανία πυρίμαχων. / The present thesis aims at investigating the influence of petrographic factors on the physicomechanical properties of the Pindos and Vourinos ophiolitic rocks. Samples were also collected from the Koziakas and eastern Othrys ophiolitic complexes, as well as from an exposure of Triassic volcanic rocks near the Domokos locality. The evaluation of the collected samples for their suitability as aggregates is attempted. In addition, selected ultrabasic samples are evaluated for their suitability in refractory industry. The studied areas were thoroughly mapped. The petrographic characteristics of each lithotype were examined and their mineralogical composition was quantified. Modern techniques were also applied, using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent microscopy, in combination with digital image analysis. Additionally, the microcrack propagation during uniaxial compression was investigated, as well as the potential existence of asbestiform minerals in each sample. The geometrical, physicomechanical, physicochemical and chemical properties were determined for each rock sample. The basic lithotypes have higher strength than the ultrabasic. The trachytes usually have characteristics transitional between the basic and ultrabasic lithotypes. The interrelationships between the various properties were examined using regression and factor analysis. The properties of the basic and ultrabasic lithotypes tend to improve when the degree of alteration decreases. Exceptionally, the polishing resistance tends to increase with an increasing degree of hydrothermal metamorphism. Two new micropetrographic indices were proposed for the dolerites, the micropetrographic strength index (Ips) and the replacement index (Irep). These indices reflect and quantify petrographic transformations which take place during alteration. The ratio OOS was introduced for the ultrabasic samples, which reflects the degree of preservation of the primary mineral phases during serpentinization. Additionally, the index of mobile elements (Im) was introduced in order to quantify the degree of alteration of ultrabasic rocks. The studied rock types are suitable for the production of aggregates for concretes, mortars, road construction, railway track ballast, filters and armourstone. The only unsuitable samples are the intense serpentinized and tectonized harzburgites and the trachytes. In addition, the fresh ultrabasic samples can be used as raw materials in the refractory industry.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar, através de uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados, os benefícios da estimulação elétrica funcional endovaginal ou dos tratamentos conservadores às pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço, e demonstrar qual modalidade de tratamento conservador apresenta melhores resultados na terapêutica dessas mulheres: a estimulação elétrica funcional endovaginal, em comparação com os cones vaginais ou a realização de exercícios perineais. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas nas principais bases de dados científicos, por estudos que atendessem a pergunta da pesquisa, tipo de intervenção e tipo de participantes selecionados. Destes, foram selecionados 7 estudos que foram submetidos à análise dos revisores, que avaliaram os seguintes desfechos: episódios de perda urinária, quantificação das perdas urinárias através do pad-test, força da musculatura perineal, qualidade de vida, volume residual, capacidade cistométrica máxima, melhora dos sintomas, satisfação e cura. Todas as terapias pesquisadas apresentaram melhora dos sintomas da incontinência urinária de esforço; no entanto, segundo os desfechos avaliados, apresentaram diferença no resultado comparativo. Quanto às perdas urinárias, ao pad-test e à força da musculatura perineal, a realização dos exercícios pélvicos obteve os melhores resultados. Já a terapia por estimulação elétrica endovaginal e a terapia com os cones apresentaram resultados semelhantes, não sendo encontrada diferença significativa em nenhum dos desfechos analisados. De acordo com os achados obtidos nesta revisão sistemática, entendemos que o tratamento pela estimulação elétrica traz benefícios às pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço. Os exercícios pélvicos demonstraram ser a terapia que reduz mais significativamente os sintomas ocasionados por esta condição / This study aimed to verify, through a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, if the endovaginal functional electrical stimulation provides or not benefits to patients with stress urinary incontinence, and show what kind of conservative treatment produces better results in the treatment of these women: endovaginal functional electrical stimulation, vaginal cones or perineal exercises. To do so, we searched in major scientific databases for studies that met the research question, type of intervention and type of selected participants. Of these, seven studies were selected and analyzed by the reviewers who assessed the following outcomes: frequency of urinary leakage, quantification of urinary leakage through the pad-test, perineal muscle strength, quality of life, residual volume, maximum cystometric capacity, improvement, satisfaction and healing. All therapies surveyed showed improvement of symptoms of stress urinary incontinence; however, according to the outcome parameters, they showed differences in the comparative result. As for urinary leakage, the pad-test and strength of the perineal muscles, the pelvic exercises achieved the best results. The electrical stimulation therapy and transvaginal cone therapy showed similar results, no significant difference was found in any of the outcomes. According to the findings of this systematic review, we believe that treatment by electrical stimulation is beneficial to patients with stress urinary incontinence. The pelvic exercises have proven to be the therapy that more significantly reduces the symptoms caused by this condition

Bakgrund: I Sverige är det vanligt att drabbas av förlossningsskada framförallt för förstföderskor. Allvarliga bristningar kan leda till lidande på lång och kort sikt som smärta, sexuell dysfunktion, sänkt livskvalitet, inkontinens och psykiskt lidande. Syf- tet med magisteruppsatsen var att undersöka och beskriva förstföderskors perspektiv på förlossningsskador och deras tankar om fysioterapins plats i förlossningsvården vad gäller förebyggande av förlossningsskador och deras egna önskemål om yrkets behjälplighet i ämnet. Metod: En deskriptiv kvalitativ fokusgruppsintervju genomför- des med semi-strukturerade frågor. Förstagångsgravida kvinnor 18-46 år gamla, bo- satta i Sverige, svensktalande, ej uttalad förlossningsrädsla, ej förlöst dödfött barn, i trimeter två eller tre inkluderades från en Facebook-annons med bekvämlighetsurval. Fyra förstagångsgravida inkluderades i fokusgruppen. Intervjun hölls med Skype som videokonferens och transkriberades sedan. Grundad teori användes för att analysera datan. Resultat: Huvudtemat som uppstod var; Tilltro till svensk förlossningsvård trots nya erfarenheter och bristande information. Ur data-analysen framkom även fem underkategorier; Från oro/rädsla till pepp och informationssökande, Källan och typ av information påverkar sannolikheten att till sin den, Egen hälsa riskeras nedprioriteras, Kommunikation ger tillit och minskad oro/rädsla, Fysioterapeuter besitter viktig kun- skap som bör ges till samtliga gravida. Konklusion: slutsatsen kan dras att hos delta- garna i fokusgruppen finns en tilltro till förlossningsvården men även utrymme till förbättrad information vad gäller förebyggande och behandling av förlossningsskador samt att de önskar fysioterapi som en del i förlossningsvården. / Background: In Sweden it is common with delivery damage to the pelvic floor especially for primiparous women. It variates throughout the country when it comes to risk in percentage of severe damage, grade 3-4. Such impairments can lead to suffering in both short term but also long term perspective as pain, sexual dysfunction, decreased quality of life, mental disorder and incontinence. The aim with this master first year thesis was to explore and describe primapara ́s perspective on delivery impairments on the pelvic floor during vaginal child birth. Also to seek understanding of their thoughts regarding physiotherapy in obstetric healthcare and how a physiotherapists knowledge and skills could be helpful in preventing delivery damage and further how the occupation could fit their ideas and wishes in the field. Method: With a qualitative approach data were collected through a focus group interview via Skype video-conference. Result: Four primaparas were conducted through Facebook recruitment and included in the focus group interview. The main theme that appeared through data analyses were; Credence in Swedish obstetric health care despite new experiences and lack of information. Through analysis five subcategories came through; From anxiety/fear to pep and seeking information, The Source and type of information affects likelihood of receiving it, One ́s own health risks getting a reduced priority, Communication provides confidence and reduces anxiety/fear, Physiotherapists posses important knowledge that should be given to all pregnant women. Conclusion can be drawn that in the participants of the focus group there is confidence in childbirth care but also space to experience better information and that they wish for physio- therapy as being part of obstetric health care.

A sociological approach is used to analyze incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. Through an analysis of arguably the most widely publicized "rogue" trader events in recent history, a determination is made of the validity of explaining these events as aberrations, attributable to the actions of "rogues". The primary focus is the role of structural factors underlying these incidences of extreme opportunism in financial markets. A diverse range of documentary and other sources is used to avoid any form of bias as far as possible. It was found that structural factors act as countervailing forces to inhibit such behavior or as motivators and facilitators acting as catalysts for extreme opportunism. The balance between these factors largely determines the level of opportunistic behavior in a particular environment. Extreme opportunism is therefore not an aberration or "rogue" occurrence but a manageable phenomenon intrinsic to the social structural context within which it occurs. By conceptualizing these factors as countervailing forces one is forced to view structural factors, like compensation structures and formal and informal restraints, relative to one another and no longer in isolation. This realization translates into the conclusion that restraints and oversight systems for example, should be designed relative to the relevant motivators and facilitators in its area of application. In an environment where traders of highly geared financial products are motivated with multimillion USD incentive packages, a low budget oversight system and inexperienced regulatory staff, is clearly not the appropriate tools to control and manage extreme opportunism. / Criminology and Security Science / D.Phil. (Sociology)

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-06T19:39:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EDSON ARAÚJO BARBOSA DE ALMEIDA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 1999..pdf: 57842037 bytes, checksum: 37a3bc64ce654c4edd302e382c000bcc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T19:39:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDSON ARAÚJO BARBOSA DE ALMEIDA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGECA 1999..pdf: 57842037 bytes, checksum: 37a3bc64ce654c4edd302e382c000bcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-09 / Estudos realizados no Brasil e no exterior vem demonstrando a importância dos modelos de desempenho na implantação de gerência de pavimentos ou até mesmo na atividade de reabilitação de pavimentos. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver modelos de previsão de desempenho para as rodovias do estado da Paraíba. Para tanto foram utilizados os dados de avaliação de superfície e de estrutura, realizados entre os anos de 1990 a 1993 pela equipe técnica do DER-PB em 24 rodovias. Estas avaliações incluem análise de defeitos de superfície, estrutural e dados características de cada trecho, sendo avaliado cada rodovia em apenas um ano o que permitiu utilizar a metodologia desenvolvida por Shain & outros (1987). Em seguida agruparam-se várias rodovias, em função de suas características climatológicas e geográficas. Foram correlacionados, para cada grupo, os dados de avaliação de superfície (IGG) e os dados de avaliação estrutural (Do e raio) com a idade e o tráfego de cada rodovia, resultando em uma tendência de desempenho para cada grupo e cada correlação. Entretanto só obteve-se resultados satisfatórios nas correlações com a idade pois não se dispunha de um histórico de tráfego das rodovias analisadas, sendo necessário para atingir o objetivo desejado para trabalhar com os dados não apurados. Com base nas análises preliminares e nos resultados finais, pode-se concluir que as rodovias analisadas não se encontram em bom estado quanto ao aspecto estrutural. Por fim, esta pesquisa mostra a importâncias dos modelos de previsão de desempenho, que permite analisar o comportamento dos pavimentos avaliados ao longo de sua vida útil. / Studies accomplished in Brazil and in the exterior studding comes the importance of the models of acting forecast in the implantation of systems of management of pavements or even, in the activities of rehabilitation of pavements. This work has the objective of developing models of acting forecast for the highways of the state of Paraíba. For so much the data of surfaçe evaluations were used and it structures, accomplished among the years from 1990 to 1993 by the technical team of the DER-PB in 24 highways. These evaluations had included analysis space, being evaluated each highway in just one year that allowed to use the methodology developed by Shain & other (1987). Soon after they assembled several highways, in function of its climatological and geographical characteristics of the area and type coating of the highways, what allowed the formation five groups of highways. They were correlated, for each group, the data of surface evaluation (IGG) and the data of structure evaluation (of the and I Stripe) with the age and the traffic of each highway resulting in an acting tendency for each group and each correlation. Hewever it was only obtained satisfactory results in the correlation' s with the age because it was not had a historical study of traffic of the analyzed highways, being necessary to reach the wanted objective, to work with having given not select. With base in the preliminary analyses and in the final results it could be concluded that the analyzed highways don1t find on the other hand in good state under the superficial aspect they present a good state with relationship to the structural aspect. Finally, this research exhibition the importance of the models of acting forecast, which permitted to analyze the behavior of the pavements evaluated along its useful life.

L’objectif de cette thèse CIFRE est d’étudier et de tirer parti des derniers appareils mobiles du marché pour générer des 3D des pièces observées. De nous jours, ces appareils intègrent un grand nombre de capteurs, tel que des capteurs inertiels, des cameras RGB, et depuis peu, des capteurs de profondeur. Sans compter la présence de l’écran tactile qui offre une interface pour interagir avec l’utilisateur. Un cas d’usage typique de ces modèles 3D est la génération de plans d’intérieur, ou de fichiers CAO 3D (conception assistée par ordinateur) appliques a l’industrie du bâtiment. Le modèle permet d’esquisser les travaux de rénovation d’un appartement, ou d’évaluer la fidélité d’un chantier en cours avec le modèle initial. Pour le secteur de l’immobilier, la génération automatique de plans et modèles 3D peut faciliter le calcul de la surface habitable et permet de proposer des visites virtuelles a d’éventuels acquéreurs. Concernant le grand public, ces modèles 3D peuvent être intégrés a des jeux en réalité mixte afin d’offrir une expérience encore plus immersive, ou pour des applications de réalité augmentée, telles que la décoration d’intérieur. La thèse a trois contributions principales. Nous commençons par montrer comment le problème classique de détection des points de fuite dans une image, peut être revisite pour tirer parti de l’utilisation de données inertielles. Nous proposons un algorithme simple et efficace de détection de points de fuite reposant sur l’utilisation du vecteur gravite obtenu via ces données. Un nouveau jeu de données contenant des photos avec des données inertielles est présenté pour l’évaluation d’algorithmes d’estimation de points de fuite et encourager les travaux ultérieurs dans cette direction. Dans une deuxième contribution, nous explorons les approches d’odométrie visuelle de l’état de l’art qui exploitent des capteurs de profondeur. Localiser l’appareil mobile en temps réel est fondamental pour envisager des applications reposant sur la réalité augmentée. Nous proposons une comparaison d’algorithmes existants développés en grande partie pour ordinateur de bureau, afin d’étudier si leur utilisation sur un appareil mobile est envisageable. Pour chaque approche considérée, nous évaluons la précision de la localisation et les performances en temps de calcul sur mobile. Enfin, nous présentons une preuve de concept d’application permettant de générer le plan d’une pièce, en utilisant une tablette du projet Tango, équipée d’un capteur RGB-D. Notre algorithme effectue un traitement incrémental des données 3D acquises au cours de l’observation de la pièce considérée. Nous montrons comment notre approche utilise les indications de l’utilisateur pour corriger pendant la capture le modèle de la pièce. / Room layout generation is the problem of generating a drawing or a digital model of an existing room from a set of measurements such as laser data or images. The generation of floor plans can find application in the building industry to assess the quality and the correctness of an ongoing construction w.r.t. the initial model, or to quickly sketch the renovation of an apartment. Real estate industry can rely on automatic generation of floor plans to ease the process of checking the livable surface and to propose virtual visits to prospective customers. As for the general public, the room layout can be integrated into mixed reality games to provide a better immersiveness experience, or used in other related augmented reality applications such room redecoration. The goal of this industrial thesis (CIFRE) is to investigate and take advantage of the state-of-the art mobile devices in order to automate the process of generating room layouts. Nowadays, modern mobile devices usually come a wide range of sensors, such as inertial motion unit (IMU), RGB cameras and, more recently, depth cameras. Moreover, tactile touchscreens offer a natural and simple way to interact with the user, thus favoring the development of interactive applications, in which the user can be part of the processing loop. This work aims at exploiting the richness of such devices to address the room layout generation problem. The thesis has three major contributions. We first show how the classic problem of detecting vanishing points in an image can benefit from an a-priori given by the IMU sensor. We propose a simple and effective algorithm for detecting vanishing points relying on the gravity vector estimated by the IMU. A new public dataset containing images and the relevant IMU data is introduced to help assessing vanishing point algorithms and foster further studies in the field. As a second contribution, we explored the state of-the-art of real-time localization and map optimization algorithms for RGB-D sensors. Real-time localization is a fundamental task to enable augmented reality applications, and thus it is a critical component when designing interactive applications. We propose an evaluation of existing algorithms for the common desktop set-up in order to be employed on a mobile device. For each considered method, we assess the accuracy of the localization as well as the computational performances when ported on a mobile device. Finally, we present a proof of concept of application able to generate the room layout relying on a Project Tango tablet equipped with an RGB-D sensor. In particular, we propose an algorithm that incrementally processes and fuses the 3D data provided by the sensor in order to obtain the layout of the room. We show how our algorithm can rely on the user interactions in order to correct the generated 3D model during the acquisition process.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-01T20:05:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SAULO FERREIRA LEITE - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 2406592 bytes, checksum: 5572a5a89f2561da0262fd8ce71de0d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T20:05:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SAULO FERREIRA LEITE - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 2406592 bytes, checksum: 5572a5a89f2561da0262fd8ce71de0d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Capes / O canteiro econômico é uma tecnologia social simples de fácil aplicação, que tem como proposta viabilizar a redução do consumo de água na produção de hortaliças, contribuindo para uma melhor gestão dos recursos naturais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar diagnóstico socioeconômico e ambiental e avaliar de forma comparativa o crescimento e desenvolvimento da alface orgânica cultivada em canteiro econômico e convencional. A pesquisa realizou-se em duas etapas: a primeira etapa efetuou-se diagnóstico socioeconômico e ambiental no assentamento Oziel Pereira, comunidade agrovila do Cajá, Remígio, PB, entre março e maio de 2016, aplicou-se questionário estruturado com 30 famílias agricultoras em nível de núcleo familiar, a analise das unidades foi a partir do estudo analítico de códigos. Na segunda etapa avaliou-se a cultura da alface orgânica cultivada em canteiro econômico e convencional, o experimento foi conduzido em campo aberto, na comunidade, entre agosto e novembro de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi casualizado, com três repetições, pelo arranjo fatorial 2x2x2, duas águas, com e sem sombrite e manejo “econômico e convencional”. Foram avaliados: número de folha; massa fresca da folha; altura de planta; taxa de crescimento absoluto e relativo; consumo de água; eficiência do uso da água e condutividade elétrica do extrato da solução do solo. A irrigação foi determinada pelo método das pesagens. Na primeira etapa, os índices: 91,25%, 18,25% e 33,62%, de deterioração do diagnóstico econômico, ambiental e social, respectivamente, colaboraram para a degradação socioeconômica 38%, sendo o fator econômico o que mais contribuiu para esse resultado. As variáveis demográfica e alimentar foram as que provocaram a deterioração no fator social. Na segunda etapa, o uso do sombrite foi tão produtivo quanto ao cultivo em céu aberto. O consumo de água foi mais eficiente no canteiro econômico. A eficiência do uso da água diminuiu com o acréscimo da lâmina de irrigação e o uso da água salobra deve ser manejado com racionalidade no canteiro econômico. A degradação de 91,25% fator econômico, provavelmente estar relacionada ao longo período de estiagem dos últimos seis anos e a falta de politicas públicas para o semiárido. A participação das famílias junto às praticas agroecológicas contribuiu para o melhor resultado do diagnostico ambiental. Com esses resultados pode-se concluir que o canteiro econômico é viável como politica pública para mitigar os efeitos da estiagem e garantir segurança alimentar e nutricional; o uso do sombrite é indispensável no semiárido. / The economic bed is a simple social technology of easy application, whose purpose is to enable the reduction of water consumption in the production of vegetables, contributing to better management of natural resources. The objective of this research was to perform socioeconomic and environmental diagnosis and to evaluate in a comparative way the growth and development of organic lettuce grown in an economical and conventional field. The research was carried out in two stages: the first stage was a socioeconomic and environmental diagnosis in the settlement Oziel Pereira, community agrovila do Cajá, Remígio, PB, between March and May 2016, a structured questionnaire was applied with 30 families farmers in At the family nucleus level, the analysis of the units was based on the analytical study of codes. The second stage evaluated the cultivation of organic lettuce cultivated in an economical and conventional field, the experiment was conducted in the open field, in the community, between August and November 2016. The experimental design was randomized, with three replications, by factorial arrangement 2x2x2 , two waters, with and without sombrite and "economic and conventional" management. The following were evaluated: leaf number; fresh leaf mass; plant height; absolute and relative growth rate; Water consumption; efficiency of water use and electrical conductivity of soil solution extract. Irrigation was determined by the weighing method. In the first stage, the indices: 91.25%, 18.25% and 33.62%, of deterioration of the economic, environmental and social diagnosis, respectively, contributed to the socioeconomic degradation 38%, being the economic factor that contributed the most for this result. The demographic and food variables were those that caused the deterioration in the social factor. In the second stage, the use of sombrite was as productive as open-air cultivation. Water consumption was more efficient at the economic site. The efficiency of water use has decreased with the addition of the irrigation blade and the use of brackish water must be handled with rationality in the economic field. The degradation of 91.25% economic factor, probably related to the long drought period of the last six years and the lack of public policies for the semi-arid. The participation of the families in the agroecological practices contributed to the best result of the environmental diagnosis. With these results it can be concluded that the economic scenario is viable as a public policy to mitigate the effects of drought and to guarantee food and nutritional security; the use of sombrite is indispensable in the semiarid.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o comportamento dinâmico de pisos mistos (aço-concreto) sob a ação de cargas provenientes das atividades humanas rítmicas, especificamente a prática de ginástica aeróbica, sob o ponto de vista do conforto humano. Tal avaliação torna-se necessária por crescentes problemas estruturais associados às vibrações excessivas, decorrentes da concepção de sistemas estruturais com baixos níveis de amortecimento e com frequências naturais cada vez mais baixas e bastante próximas das faixas de frequência das excitações associadas às atividades humanas rítmicas. O modelo estrutural investigado baseiase em um piso misto (aço-concreto) submetido a aulas de ginástica aeróbica. A modelagem numérica do piso misto investigado foi realizada com base no emprego do programa ANSYS e foram utilizadas técnicas de discretização por meio do método dos elementos finitos (MEF). As cargas aplicadas sobre o piso, oriundas das atividades aeróbicas, são simuladas através de dois modelos de carregamentos dinâmicos distintos. Uma extensa análise paramétrica foi desenvolvida sobre o modelo estrutural investigado e a resposta dinâmica do sistema foi obtida, em termos dos deslocamentos e das acelerações, e comparada com os limites recomendados por normas e critérios de projeto. A resposta dinâmica do piso estudado viola os critérios de projeto relativos ao conforto humano e indica níveis de vibrações excessivas nos casos de carregamento dinâmicos analisados nesta dissertação. / This study aims to assess the dynamic behaviour of steel-concrete composite floors when subjected to human rhythmic activities, specifically the practice of aerobics, from the point of view of human comfort. This evaluation is required due to the increasing of the structural problems associated with excessive vibrations, related to structural systems designed with low levels of damping and low natural frequencies, close to the excitation frequencies associated with human rhythmic activities. The investigated structural system is composed by a steel-concrete composite floor subjected to aerobics. The proposed analysis methodology adopted the usual mesh refinement techniques present in the finite element method (FEM) simulations implemented in the ANSYS program. The loads applied on the floor, related to aerobics, are simulated using two different dynamic loading models. An extensive parametric analysis was developed on the investigated structural model and the system dynamic response was obtained, based on displacement and accelerations values, and compared with the recommended limits by standards and design criteria. The studied floor dynamic response violated the human comfort design criteria and indicated levels of excessive vibration in the investigated dynamic loading cases along this dissertation.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar, através de uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados, os benefícios da estimulação elétrica funcional endovaginal ou dos tratamentos conservadores às pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço, e demonstrar qual modalidade de tratamento conservador apresenta melhores resultados na terapêutica dessas mulheres: a estimulação elétrica funcional endovaginal, em comparação com os cones vaginais ou a realização de exercícios perineais. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas nas principais bases de dados científicos, por estudos que atendessem a pergunta da pesquisa, tipo de intervenção e tipo de participantes selecionados. Destes, foram selecionados 7 estudos que foram submetidos à análise dos revisores, que avaliaram os seguintes desfechos: episódios de perda urinária, quantificação das perdas urinárias através do pad-test, força da musculatura perineal, qualidade de vida, volume residual, capacidade cistométrica máxima, melhora dos sintomas, satisfação e cura. Todas as terapias pesquisadas apresentaram melhora dos sintomas da incontinência urinária de esforço; no entanto, segundo os desfechos avaliados, apresentaram diferença no resultado comparativo. Quanto às perdas urinárias, ao pad-test e à força da musculatura perineal, a realização dos exercícios pélvicos obteve os melhores resultados. Já a terapia por estimulação elétrica endovaginal e a terapia com os cones apresentaram resultados semelhantes, não sendo encontrada diferença significativa em nenhum dos desfechos analisados. De acordo com os achados obtidos nesta revisão sistemática, entendemos que o tratamento pela estimulação elétrica traz benefícios às pacientes com incontinência urinária de esforço. Os exercícios pélvicos demonstraram ser a terapia que reduz mais significativamente os sintomas ocasionados por esta condição / This study aimed to verify, through a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, if the endovaginal functional electrical stimulation provides or not benefits to patients with stress urinary incontinence, and show what kind of conservative treatment produces better results in the treatment of these women: endovaginal functional electrical stimulation, vaginal cones or perineal exercises. To do so, we searched in major scientific databases for studies that met the research question, type of intervention and type of selected participants. Of these, seven studies were selected and analyzed by the reviewers who assessed the following outcomes: frequency of urinary leakage, quantification of urinary leakage through the pad-test, perineal muscle strength, quality of life, residual volume, maximum cystometric capacity, improvement, satisfaction and healing. All therapies surveyed showed improvement of symptoms of stress urinary incontinence; however, according to the outcome parameters, they showed differences in the comparative result. As for urinary leakage, the pad-test and strength of the perineal muscles, the pelvic exercises achieved the best results. The electrical stimulation therapy and transvaginal cone therapy showed similar results, no significant difference was found in any of the outcomes. According to the findings of this systematic review, we believe that treatment by electrical stimulation is beneficial to patients with stress urinary incontinence. The pelvic exercises have proven to be the therapy that more significantly reduces the symptoms caused by this condition

A incontinência urinária é considerada um problema mundial. Estima-se que ela afeta 30% da população feminina adulta, comprometendo a qualidade de vida destas mulheres. Os tratamentos conservadores de incontinência urinária, no geral, têm custo menor e não apresentam efeitos colaterais. A partir da proposta de um estudo multicêntrico, definiu-se a presente pesquisa com o objetivo de verificar a efetividade das técnicas de estimulação elétrica por neuromodulação do nervo tibial posterior e exercícios pélvicos no tratamento da hiperatividade vesical incontinência de urgência/mista. O equipamento utilizado foi desenvolvido pela equipe do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e tem a capacidade de armazenar em memória os períodos de utilização bem como a intensidade ajustada pela paciente em ambiente domiciliar. Por meio do equipamento, estimula-se eletricamente, de forma intensiva, o nervo tibial posterior; já os exercícios pélvicos foram elaborados a fim de comparar a efetividade das técnicas. Para o ensaio clínico, foram selecionadas 26 mulheres, divididas em dois grupos que foram submetidas a um protocolo de dezesseis semanas (Grupo A: as primeiras oito semanas para a aplicação da estimulação tibial e as demais oito semanas para a realização dos exercícios da musculatura do assoalho pélvico; e Grupo B: as primeiras oito semanas para a realização dos exercícios da musculatura do assoalho pélvico e oito semanas para a estimulação tibial), em ambiente domiciliar. A cada período de oito semanas do tratamento, as voluntárias preencheram um questionário de qualidade de vida e um questionário de gravidade da incontinência urinária. Constatou-se, por meio do questionário de gravidade de incontinência urinária, uma redução das perdas urinárias, nas primeiras oito semanas do Grupo A que correspondiam ao tratamento com estimulação elétrica. 78,6% das voluntárias melhoraram, enquanto 21,4% não perceberam nenhum qualquer resultado. Nas últimas oito semanas que correspondia ao tratamento com exercícios do assoalho pélvico 78,6% não perceberam qualquer efeito e 21,4% relataram piorara nos sintomas de incontinência urinária. No Grupo B, nas primeiras oito semanas, de exercícios terapêuticos, 50% das voluntárias relataram piora nos sintomas, 33% não perceberam qualquer efeito e 16,7% melhoraram dos sintomas de incontinência urinária. Ao final das oito semanas, que correspondia ao tratamento com estimulação elétrica, 8,4% não perceberam qualquer efeito e 91,6% relataram melhora nos sintomas da incontinência urinária. Ao comparar-se as duas técnicas, verificou-se que enquanto as pacientes foram submetidas ao tratamento com estimulação elétrica, houve melhora significativa a percepção de incontinência urinária. A técnica de estimulação por neuromodulação do nervo tibial posterior com a nova instrumentação desenvolvida para uso domiciliar mostrou-se eficiente na minimização dos sintomas de incontinência urinária. / The urinary incontinence is a worldwide problem. Statistical data indicates that it affects 30% of the adult female population, compromising the quality of life of these women. Conservative treatments for urinary incontinence, in general, are cheaper and they do not cause side effects. For the proposition of a multicenter study, this research was defined aiming to investigate how effective the electric stimulation technique by using neuromodulation of the posterior tibial nerve and pelvic exercises is in the treatment of urgency/mixed bladder hyperactivity incontinence. The equipment used in the research had been developed by the biomedical engineering team of the Hospital de Clínicas at Porto Alegre. It can store in memory the period of time in which the equipment has been used as well as the stimuli intensity adjusted by the patient. By means of the equipment, we intensively stimulated electrically the patient’s posterior tibial nerve. Pelvic exercises were prescribed in order to assess the effectiveness of the neuromodulation technique. For the clinical trial, 26 women were selected and they were divided in two groups, both submitted to a sixteen weeks protocol, applied at home. During the first eight weeks, Group A was submitted to the electrical stimulation and on the remaining eight weeks, to exercises of the pelvic floor muscles. Differently, volunteers of Group B performed exercises during the first eight weeks and electrical stimulation on the last eight weeks. In each period of eight weeks of treatment, the volunteers answered the King’s Health Questionnaire and the Incontinence Severity Index Questionnaire. The analysis of the Incontinence Severity Index Questionnaire results presented a reduction in the urinary output. For Group A, in the first eight weeks (electrical stimulation), 78.6% of the volunteers reported improvement while 21.4% reported no effects. In the last eight weeks (exercises), 78.6% perceived no effects and 21.4% have the symptoms worsened. In the first eight weeks of the Group B (exercises), 50% of volunteers reported the worsening of symptoms and 33% felt no effects and 16,7% reported a reduction in the symptoms. In the last eight weeks (electrical stimulation), 8.4% perceived no effects and 91.6% reported improvements. By comparing the two techniques, we verified that while the patients were submitted to the application of electrical stimulation, there was significant improvement on the perception of urinary incontinence. The technique of stimulation by neuromodulation of posterior tibial nerve with the novel instrumentation developed for homecare was efficient and the participants of the study reported significant improvement in their condition.