O presente trabalho tem por objetivo comparar a teologia do evangelho de Marcos com a neopentecostal. Enquanto a teologia marcana é interpretada como antitriunfalista, conduzindo as comunidades a perceberem o Cristo da cruz, o movimento neopentecostal faz o caminho oposto. Sua ênfase é o caminho triunfalista/sem cruz. Num primeiro momento, será abordado o ambiente das primeiras comunidades cristãs, que surgiram após a paixão, morte e ressurreição de Jesus. Posteriormente, serão apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a intenção do evangelista Marcos ao escrever seu evangelho. Por fim, será tratado ainda o tipo de enfoque bíblico-doutrinário do movimento neopentecostal. Já os principais resultados da pesquisa foram: a) incompatibilidade entre a ideologia neopentecostal com a abordagem teológica do evangelho de Marcos; e b) a perspectiva/ideologia triunfalista não é inerente apenas ao movimento neopentecostal. Já na época em que Marcos escreveu seu evangelho, a comunidade para quem ele destina sua obra também adotou essa postura triunfante sobre a figura de Jesus. / This dissertation compares the theology of the Gospel of Mark with that of the neopentecostal movement. While Markan theology is interpreted as antitriumphalist, leading faith communities to recognize the Christ of the cross, the neopentecostal movement takes the opposite path. Its emphasis is on triumph, the way without the cross. I begin by considering the environment of the first Christian communities that arose after Jesus passion, death, and resurrection. I then present several reflections on the intention of the evangelist Mark when he wrote his Gospel. Finally, I deal with the particular biblico-doctrinal focus of the neopentecostal movement. The main findings of this research were: a) there is a fundamental incompatibility between the neopentecostal ideology and the theological approach of the Gospel of Mark; and b) the triumphalist perspective/ideology is not inherent only to the neopentecostal movement. Even at the time when Mark was writing his Gospel, the faith community for which he intended his work had also adopted a triumphalist view of the figure of Jesus.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reinaldo Arruda Pereira.pdf: 2062538 bytes, checksum: f1b349f60f3d4a06096428740f526cd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-10 / The religious diversity in Brazil in the second half of the twentieth century became progressive and moved at enormous speed. Given that, the process of diversification and pluralism of the Brazilian religious field has been considered in the scenario nowadays, creating new ways of thinking and of expressing religious faith. During that time, among the Baptists living in Belo Horizonte, specifically in the neighborhood called Lagoinha; a new religious organization emerged, the so-called Lagoinha Baptist Church (IBL). In its early days, even though carrying "the Baptist name", this new church took a very singular dynamic form of church liturgy known as " revival/awakening" or "charismatic," whose religious message and practice emphasized and highlighted the manifestation of "spiritual gifts" and experiential "awakening " as the evidence of" baptism in the Holy Spirit. " per se. As a result, there were reactions from the traditional Baptists because the IBL manifestations were deemed as similarly closed to another religious movement so-called Pentecostalism, which differs from those practices adopted by the Baptists from Minas Gerais, deemed as historic and traditional. As result of this new church engagement to Revivalism/Awakening and charismatic practices, the IBL achieved theological, organizational and administrative independence and autonomy. Consequently, the IBL was excluded from the list of cooperating and co-partners Baptist churches of the Brazilian & Mineira Baptist Convention. This church took a religious structure characterized by Revivalism and traces of the Pentecostalism movement within the Baptist denomination. These new traces and paradigms of the IBL were chosen to be analyzed in this paper. However, this thesis takes into account sociological studies regarding religion per se. In other words, the thesis wants to explore how the changes that occurred at IBL are intrinsically correlated to theories of cultural and socio-cultural symbolism. That is to say IBL history and identity are related to the processes of urbanization and modernization of society, which fostered the emergence of more flexible, adaptable and in constant changes of religious forms. Therefore, from this correlation we would like to postulate that the IBL is a religious organization, hybrid, changeable/adjustable, and "broadcasted" with an identity that makes and remakes it, as IBL is being adjusted to a kind of culture that is at the same time, urban, evangelical, technological, broadcasted and well advertised. / A diversidade religiosa brasileira na segunda metade do século XX tornou-se progressiva e tomou enorme velocidade. Com isso, o processo de diversificação e pluralização do campo religioso brasileiro começava a ganhar o contorno atual, abrindo espaço para novas formas de crer e de expressar a fé religiosa. Nessa mesma época, entre os batistas de Belo Horizonte, no bairro da Lagoinha, surgia uma nova organização religiosa, a Igreja Batista da Lagoinha (IBL). Já em seus primeiros dias essa nova igreja assumiu um dinamismo próprio de igrejas conhecidas como avivadas ou carismáticas , cuja mensagem e prática religiosa reforçavam, por meio de dons espirituais e de experiências extáticas , a evidência do batismo no Espírito Santo . Houve reações por parte dos batistas tradicionais, pois a IBL manifestava-se, por um lado, mais próxima de uma religiosidade em processo de pentecostalização e, por outro, mais distante daquela adotada pelos batistas mineiros, identificados como históricos. Esta nova igreja, devido ao seu engajamento no avivalismo e nas práticas carismáticas, alcançou independência teológica, organizacional e administrativa, pois foi excluída do rol das igrejas batistas cooperadoras da Convenção Batista Mineira e Brasileira. É essa igreja que assumiu uma forma religiosa avivada e que desenvolveu o processo de pentecostalização entre os batistas que escolhemos analisar neste trabalho. Entretanto, a análise que realizamos e que se embasou nos estudos da sociologia da religião, nas teorizações da cultura e na simbologia sociocultural, mostrou que as modificações ocorridas na trajetória e na identidade IBL, são correlatas aos processos de urbanização e modernização da sociedade e ao surgimento de formas religiosas, mais flexíveis, adaptáveis e em constante reconfiguração. Portanto, a partir dessa correlação é que podemos afirmar que a IBL é uma organização religiosa híbrida, mutacional, midiática e com uma identidade que se faz e refaz, já que ela está se ajustando a um tipo de cultura que é, ao mesmo tempo, urbana, gospel, tecnológica, mercadológica e comunicacional.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:18:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexander_Fajardo.pdf: 2446887 bytes, checksum: 3155ccfe228e836ced01e8b3511b5c55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-26 / The aim of this paper is to communicate the research that was undertaken on the ways and the shapes in which Brazilian evangelicals, traditionals protestants and pentecostals, used the radio as the main media for communicating his message in Brazil since the 1930s. We try to understand what are the main steps, goals, motivations and difficulties that they had over the decades. For this research we gathered newspapers and magazines that registered this insertion, especially in the "golden age of radio" in years 40 and 50. During the investigation it became clear that the Pentecostal movement was the best adapted to the "age of radio", perhaps because of its emphasis on orality. Hence the growth in the decades from 60 to 80 of the segments that used initially, radio, and following decades, the television. Alongside the growth in the number of believers there was also an involvement of churches, their leaders and entrepreneurs in the evangelical political landscape. The result was the achievement of a significant number of radio stations granted by government authorities to groups and churches who helped with the election of politicians. The survey also studied the gospel-culture phenomenon, the emergence of consumerism and entertainment, focusing on the role that gospel music and radio have been playing during this period. / O objetivo deste texto é comunicar a pesquisa que foi empreendida sobre as maneiras e as formas como os evangélicos brasileiros, protestantes tradicionais e pentecostais, usaram o rádio como principal mídia na comunicação de sua mensagem no Brasil a partir da década de 1930. Buscamos entender quais foram os principais passos, objetivos, motivações e dificuldades que tiveram no decorrer das décadas. Para isso pesquisou-se em jornais e revistas o registro dessa inserção, principalmente na chamada época de ouro do rádio nos anos 40 e 50. No decorrer das investigações ficou bem claro que o pentecostalismo foi o movimento que melhor se adaptou à era do radio , talvez pela sua ênfase maior na oralidade. Daí o crescimento nas décadas de 60 a 80 dos segmentos que empregaram, inicialmente, o rádio, e nas décadas seguintes, a televisão. Ao lado do crescimento no número de fiéis houve também um envolvimento das igrejas, de suas lideranças e de empresários evangélicos no cenário político. O resultado foi a conquista de um significativo número de estações de rádio concedidos pelas autoridades governamentais para os grupos e igrejas que ajudaram na eleição desses políticos. Por fim, averiguo-se o fenômeno da cultura gospel, o aparecimento do consumismo e do entretenimento, privilegiando-se na análise o papel que a música gospel e o rádio têm desempenhado no decorrer desse período.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research has as main problem to understand what characterizes, and how works in Brazil the process of generating value, in the market of evangelical cultural products, commonly called gospel. The cropped field is the Brazilian recorded music market and its ramifications, the object is the production chain of the music, analyzed through the work of artists, managers of Record Company, music streaming company and physical store of discs. The theoretical reference adopted is the Political Economy of Communication, through two central concepts: Cultural Industry and mediation. The expository method adopted is historical / dialectical materialism, through which one intends to think of the gospel market as a complex phenomenon, formed by the relation between the social and economic macrostructures and the historical and cultural particularities of a segment. The starting hypothesis is that the term gospel discriminates the evangelical music of the others in function of responding to a characteristic of the Brazilian evangelical culture; however, this does not hurt the generation of value in the production chain of music, nor does it prevent this segmented market from becoming another manifestation of the mediation role played by the cultural industry. The techniques used were bibliographical and documentary analysis, structured and semistructured interview with artist and managers, and the biographical method, through the narrative of the careers of some artists not interviewed. The hypothesis was confirmed, and more: the differentiation that the term gospel brings back does not depend on the music or the audience, but on the artist, and the other managers, and the faith they profess. Thus, the particularities of gospel music are also appropriate to the emergence of a cultural industry. / A pesquisa tem como problema central entender o que caracteriza e como funciona no Brasil o processo de geração de valor no mercado de produtos culturais evangélicos, comumente chamado gospel. O campo recortado é o mercado brasileiro de música gravada e suas ramificações, o objeto é a cadeia produtiva da música, analisada por meio do trabalho de artistas e executivos de gravadora, aplicativo de streaming de música e loja física de discos. O referencial teórico adotado é o da Economia Política da Comunicação, por meio de dois conceitos centrais: Indústria Cultural e mediação. O método expositivo adotado é o materialismo histórico/dialético, por meio do qual se pretende pensar o mercado gospel como um fenômeno complexo, formado pela relação entre as macroestruturas sociais e econômicas e pelas particularidades históricas e culturais de um segmento. A hipótese de partida é que o termo gospel discrimina a música evangélica das demais em função de responder a uma característica da cultura evangélica brasileira; porém, isso não fere a geração de valor na cadeia produtiva da música, nem impede que esse mercado segmentado se transforme em mais uma manifestação do papel de mediação cumprido pela indústria cultural. As técnicas empregadas foram análise bibliográfica e documental, entrevista estruturada e semiestruturada com artista e executivos, e o método biográfico, por meio da narrativa das carreiras de alguns artistas não entrevistados. A hipótese foi confirmada, e mais: a diferenciação que o termo gospel trás não depende da música ou do público, mas sim do artista, e dos demais executivos, e da fé que professam. Assim, as particularidades da música gospel também estão adequadas ao surgimento de uma indústria cultural. / São Cristóvão, SE

These three short papers were delivered in the ‘Quaestiones disputatae’ session at the 71st General Meeting of the Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas, held at McGill University, Montreal, on 3 August 2016. The session was chaired by Professor Carl Holladay, President of the Society.

The Incarnation Mystery in the writings of John of the Cross as a reverberation of Johannine Christology. This thesis analyzes the mystery of Incarnation in the mystical experience and doctrine of John of the Cross, a Spanish Carmelite from 16th century, and searches for traces of the testimony of the Fourth Gospel in his conception of this mystery. Based on analysis of excerpts of his writings it concludes that the mystery of Incarnation has crucial role both in his experience and his writings. It consists in the fact that Jesus - the Word incarnate - is a principal agent in the process of uniting with God: He is both a model for a Christian to shape him or herself after and a beloved Spouse with whom he or she should be united and so enter a loving communion with Father and Son and the Holy Spirit. The main work which reveals how much John of the Cross esteems the mystery of Incarnation is a poetic paraphrase of the Gospel of John: Romance based on the Gospel »In principio erat verbum«. It depicts author's view of the incarnational mystery as a dialogue between Father and Son in eternity. The Incarnation is seen as nuptials of the Word incarnate and humankind which elevates humankind to the God's level. By extension, humankind gains participation on the relationship between Father and Son. The...

In recent decades, most scholars have understood the Gospel of John and three letters of John as a mirror to the so-called "Johannine community"/"Johannine Christianity", whose existence is usually derived from literary and compositional aspects of Johannine corpus. In the following study I am arguing that in order for the term Johannine Christianity to be relevant and meaningful for the study of early Christianity and New Testament literature, we cannot focus on literary aspects of Johannine corpus but on a comparative work and define the term through the internal structure of religion. To be a historically relevant term, the term Johannine Christianity, therefore has to bear, in the context of the New Testament and early Christianity, distinctive doctrine, ritual practices, and institution. In the first part of this paper, I am dealing with literary and stylistic aspects of the Johannine corpus (authorship of gospel and letters, genre and 21st chapter of John's gospel, the beloved disciple, etc.) and arguing that these aspects are not a definite proof of the existence of so- called Johannine community. In the second part, I am arguing that theology, ritual practices, and institutions we find in Johannine corpus, are typical for mainstream Christianity of 1. and 2. century and therefore terms "Johannine...

The thesis Literary Relationship Between the Gospel of Mark and the Gospel of Thomas aims to provide a closer look at the relationship between the ca- nonical Gospel According to Mark and the apocryphal Gospel According to Thomas. The first part of the thesis serves as an introduction: After prolego- mena to the Gospel of Mark and Thomas, it focuses on several contempora- ry hypotheses of the literary relationship between the Gospel of Thomas and Synoptics, as discussed in more recent articles and monographs. Thereafter, the second part of the thesis presents three studies of Thoma- sian and Markan sayings of Jesus. Where necessary, an excursion is made to other synoptic writings. The second part uses the method of linguistic comparison in order to reconstruct the redaction history and thus explain the original literary relationship of these two ancient writings.

[pt] O protestantismo brasileiro conheceu ao longo dos tempos alguns movimentos artísticos que foram relevantes e que influenciaram sua forma de ser e de entender sua fé em contato direto com a cultura. Um dos movimentos mais interessantes, embora pouco pesquisado, foi a iniciativa de jovens cristãos que a partir da década de 1970 começaram a usar o Rock and roll como uma linguagem para expressar sua fé e para comunicar a mensagem querigmática do Evangelho. Ao longo dos anos, temas diversos como conflitos internos do protestantismo, política e questões sociais se tornaram pauta das bandas que dialogavam com as juventudes através do rock. Há no rock feito por jovens cristãos no Brasil o impulso à evangelização e ao protesto profético, sem deixar de lado um embasamento bíblico e teológico, que pode passar despercebido por aqueles que não estão habituados à linguagem das guitarras, baixos e baterias, mas que tem falado às mentes e aos corações de várias gerações de jovens que podem entender a mensagem cristã a partir da sua própria linguagem característica. Há na poesia e na melodia um capricho para que a mensagem tenha conteúdo e forma, qualidade técnica e a medida exata que combine letra e música para que sua mensagem seja adequadamente transmitida. Esta pesquisa pretende afirmar a obra das bandas de rock gospel como eficiente elemento de evangelização, sobretudo dos jovens, explorando as perspectivas teológica e artística das canções das bandas de rock gospel a partir da Teologia da Cultura. / [en] Over time, Brazilian Protestantism has known some relevant artistic movements that have influenced its way of being and understanding its faith in direct contact with culture. One of the most interesting, though little-researched, movements was the initiative of young Christians who from the 1970s onwards began to use rock and roll as a language to express their faith and to communicate the kerygmatic message of the Gospel. Over the years, diverse themes such as internal conflicts of Protestantism, politics and social issues have become the agenda of bands that dialogue with youth through rock. There is in rock made by young Christians in Brazil the impulse to evangelization and prophetic protest, without leaving aside a biblical and theological basis, which can go unnoticed by those who are not used to the language of guitars, basses, and drums, but who have spoken to the minds and hearts of several generations of young people who can understand the Christian message in their own distinctive language. There is in poetry and melody a whim so that the message has content and form, technical quality and the exact measure that combines lyrics and music so that your message is properly transmitted. This research intends to affirm the work of gospel rock bands as an efficient element of evangelization, especially for young people, exploring the theological and artistic dimension of the songs of evangelical rock bands in the light of the Theology of Culture.

The purpose of this study is to document the history and the contributing factors that led to the formation of the Current Teaching Emphasis (2003), the Objective (2009), and the Gospel Teaching and Learning Handbook (2012) within Seminaries and Institutes of Religion (S&I) for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The analysis of this history, contained herein, clearly identifies the principles that have driven the changes in S&I's description of teaching and learning, describes how these adjustments differ from previous approaches, illustrates the significance of this shift, and presents the contemporary issues that influenced the increased clarity and direction from senior Church leaders to S&I.