Being a small landlocked country located in Eastern Himalaya ranges, makes it difficult for Bhutan to secure and sustain its national food security. Thus, Bhutan highly depends on the import of food from neighboring countries. This paper aims to improve the food security in Bhutan by giving a specific focus on the egg value-chain which starts from the import of parent stocks until the consumption within the country. Methods to identify potential constraints within the value-chain and provision of possible solutions used in this paper are a combination of literature reviews, qualitative studies (interview), and personal experience/communication of the author, who had been working with the Department of Livestock in Bhutan. The results of the study indicate that animal welfare, basic farm management, and consumer education are the top three areas that all stakeholders, especially government agents, should work with interdisciplinary in order to strengthen the overall value-chain. Challenges and room for improvement in animal welfare can be found from the beginning of the value-chain, the transporting of layer Day Old Chicks (DOCs). Lack of knowledge and skills for basic farm management which includes farm data recording, egg grading, and egg labeling, are issues found in the middle of the value-chain. Lastly, in the very end of the value-chain, more education should be given to consumers regarding the health benefits and nutritional value of eggs as to alleviate the problem of low egg consumption per capita relative to other developed nations. Possible solutions provided in this paper on animal welfare standard are suggested by the international projects and organizations namely, European Animal Welfare Platform and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. For basic farm management, the government should be the one who encourages and provides skills using effective communication tools as well as law enforcement in order to improve the egg quality. At the same time, consumers should be stimulated to demand higher quality as this will be a driving force for future improvement and create higher liquidity in the market.

The relative income is often cited as a reason why happiness of nations does not grow in time with growing GDP. The study replicates the methodology of several different researchers from basic scatterplots, standard OLS and ordered probit models to hierarchical linear multilevel models (HLM). The results provide evidence that the happiness is actually rising with the growing GDP, although slowly and with the GDP measured in logarithm. On the contrary, the relevance of relative income to happiness is ambiguous through all the proposed models. Furthermore, the individual characteristics like marital status or employment status are proved to explain the differences in happiness much better than income. Finally it is shown that income has similar effects on different measurements of subjective well-being (health, happiness and emotional well-being).

Background: There is a considerable body of research linking child well-being with future outcomes for children. In recent years monitoring and promoting child well-being has been high on the UK government agenda and has attracted a great deal of theoretical interest. Despite existing research and given the importance of a precise definition, there remains a lack of knowledge about what well-being actually means to children. An independent literature search highlighted that while researchers have made some effort to understand what well-being means to children there are still significant gaps in the literature, including an understanding of how children’s views of well-being vary across different age groups. Participants: Nine participants were selected from three different age groups (four, seven and eleven year olds). The sample included a mix of males and females and all participants were reported to have adequate language skills and none were identified as having special educational needs. Method: This is a purely qualitative study utilising an in depth survey research design. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with each child and each participant was asked to take photographs of and describe artifacts which they considered to be important to their well-being. Analysis/Findings: Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Data analysis was conducted in discrete data sets defined by age group. Then compared across age groups to gain understanding of how children’s views of well-being develop with age. Well-being appeared to be conceptualised as an evaluative judgement which was influenced by well-being domains/factors and emotional experience. The complexity of the children’s evaluative judgements appeared to become increasingly sophisticated with age. The four year olds were found to understand well-being in egocentric terms whereas the seven and eleven year olds seemed to understand well-being in terms of both their own experiences and the experiences of the perceived other. Two specific developmental considerations were identified which influenced the children’s evaluative judgements including individual difference and children’s views regarding their ideal life. In addition to this, the component ‘self-view’ was identified for the eleven year olds. Three domains of well-being were identified which included: ‘my relationships’, ‘my lifestyle and ‘myself’ and the individual factors relating to these domains appeared to vary and increase in complexity with age. The generalisability of these finding is critically considered within the limitations of the research design. Conclusion/Implications: The findings led to the development of an exploratory developmental model of child well-being. Suggestions are made for future research and potential implications for practice are considered.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-25T11:24:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 afonsodamiaoneto.pdf: 1640118 bytes, checksum: 68d975c124b256b86d185fc522d0c58d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T19:28:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 afonsodamiaoneto.pdf: 1640118 bytes, checksum: 68d975c124b256b86d185fc522d0c58d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 afonsodamiaoneto.pdf: 1640118 bytes, checksum: 68d975c124b256b86d185fc522d0c58d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 / Āyurveda é uma ciência médica surgida na Índia há mais de dois mil anos tendo como fundamento filosófico os Vedas associado a práticas provenientes de tradições heterodoxas. Considera o ser humano como uma representação do cosmos. São constituídos dos mesmos elementos que permanecem em constante permutação. A vida humana é possível pela união de corpo, mente e alma. O equilíbrio dos constituintes internamente e com o meio ambiente é que permitem o bem-estar e saúde. Esse equilíbrio é individual e é necessário conhecimento para alcançá-lo. No processo, a presença de um guia é imprescindível. É personificado pelo médico que utiliza o texto como mapa. No estado de equilíbrio é possível que a alma se perceba como diferente das oscilações da mente cessando o sofrimento que é gerado pela ignorância existencial. A liberdade espiritual é alcançada e representa o estado de saúde perfeita. / Āyurveda is a medical science which has emerged in India two thousand years ago and has its philosophical foundations related to the association of the Vedas with heterodox traditional practices. Āyurveda considers the human being as a representation of the Cosmos as they are both composed of the same elements in constantly permutation. Human life is possible by the union among soul, body and mind. The inner balance among the constituents as well as regarding the environment allows wellness and health. This state of balance is individual and knowledge is required on reaching that goal. During the process a guide is essential. He is embodied by the clinical doctor who employs the Text as a map. In the state of balance it is possible for the soul to perceive itself as different from the oscillations of the mind, stopping the sorrows produced by existential ignorance. Spiritual freedom is reached and represents the state of perfect health.

Pensar sobre a felicidade não é um exercício particularmente recente. Desde os gregos antigos, pensar sobre a felicidade e propor aquilo que ela significa faz parte da história dos Homens. Em meio a esse longo percurso, de mais de dois mil anos, o tema continua polêmico, sendo entendido de diferentes formas mesmo após ser investigado intensamente como objeto científico desde a segunda metade do século XX. Neste trabalho, a partir de três questões provocadoras (\"por que um mesmo objeto gera conceitos tão diferentes?\", \"por que os recentes achados científicos, com evidências de causalidades confiáveis, não têm sido capazes de aprofundar a compreensão do que é felicidade e não são indicadores de caminhos para se promover felicidade?\" e \"como a ciência poderia estudar a felicidade?\") traçou-se os objetivos a seguir: (1) apresentar definição abrangente de felicidade; (2) identificar inconsistências entre conceito, objetivos e fundamentos nas pesquisas atuais sobre a felicidade; (3) apresentar uma forma de a ciência investigar a felicidade de modo coerente e rigoroso. Para tal, analisaram-se diferentes proposições de felicidade na filosofia, na ciência (especialmente a Psicologia Positiva) e na política, buscando aquilo que há de comum em relação ao conceito. A partir de referencial construcionista social e do conceito de performatividade, chegou-se, ao entendimento de que felicidade \"aquilo que determinada pessoa entende ser, em dado momento, a melhor forma de se viver a partir de sua relação dialética com o mundo\". Entender a felicidade dessa maneira evidencia seu caráter líquido, em constante transformação. Mais promissor do que estudar seu aspecto estável, é estudá-la enquanto objeto em constante transformação. Quanto mais se tenta aprisioná-la e torná-la mensurável, mais complexidade lhe é acrescentada (ao invés de inteligibilidade). É por tal razão que a empreitada empirista da Psicologia Positiva, na medida em que fragmentou o conceito, não fertilizou a discussão sobre o tema. Ao invés disso, acrescentou novos sinônimos e correlatos, bem como exigiu abandonar importantes discussões e adotar termos vagos para definí-la. Ainda, é importante considerar o caráter performativo de se falar sobre a felicidade. Por ser um tema de interesse tão amplo, comunicações sobre a felicidade evidenciam capacidade de interferir no modo com que as pessoas vivem. Falar sobre a felicidade nunca será um simples falar. De modo geral, pode-se apontar para três oportunidades de pesquisa em relação ao tema: aprofundar as consequências de se utilizar o conceito e a rede de construção de credibilidade em torno dele; entender aquilo que faz o entendimento do conceito mudar e de que forma; utilizar o conceito como forma de acessar características individuais e sociais relevantes / Happiness is not a particularly recent subject. Since ancient Greece, the exercise of thinking about happiness and proposing what it means is part of human history. In the midst of this long journey, of more than two thousand years, the subject remains controversial. It is understood in different ways even after being intensively investigated as a scientific object since the second half of the twentieth century. This work derives from three provocative questions (\"why does the same object generate such different concepts?\", \"why recent scientific findings, with evidence of reliable causality, have not been able to deepen the understanding of happiness and are not indicators of ways to promote happiness?\" and \"how could science study happiness?\"), outlining the following objectives: (1) introduce a broad and comprehensive definition of happiness; (2) identify inconsistencies between concept, goals and foundations in current research on happiness; (3) present a way for science to investigate happiness in a coherent and rigorous way. To accomplish these three objectives, different propositions of happiness were analyzed in philosophy, in science (especially Positive Psychology) and in governmental practice, seeking what is common in relation to the concept. From a social constructionism referential and using the concept of performativity, it came to the understanding that happiness \"is what a particular person understands to be, at a given moment, the best way to live from their dialetic relationship with the world.\" Understanding happiness in this particular way reveals its liquid character, implying it is in constant transformation. More promising than studying its stable aspect is to study it as an object in constant transformation. The more you try to imprison it and make it measurable, the more complexity you add (rather than intelligibility). It is for this reason that the empiricist enterprise of Positive Psychology did not fertilize the discussion on the subject. Instead, it added new synonyms and correlates, as well as required abandoning important discussions and adopted vague terms to define it. Still, it is important to consider the performative character of happiness. Because it is a subject of such wide interest, talking about happiness shows an ability to interfere with the way people live. Talking about happiness will never be a simple speech. In general, it is possible to point to three research opportunities in relation to the subject: to deepen the consequences of using the concept and the network of credibility building around it; understand what makes the understanding of happiness to change and in what ways; use the concept as a way to access relevant individual and social characteristics

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-08-29T22:28:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ENTRE A ALEGRIA E A PREGUI?A A CONSTRU??O DA BAIANIDADE NA PUBLICIDADE DE TURISMO.pdf: 9389743 bytes, checksum: 96bfa04eba35ab024c84f0ad7b84c934 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T22:28:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ENTRE A ALEGRIA E A PREGUI?A A CONSTRU??O DA BAIANIDADE NA PUBLICIDADE DE TURISMO.pdf: 9389743 bytes, checksum: 96bfa04eba35ab024c84f0ad7b84c934 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / The speech is the effect of meaning produced in the relationship between subjects affected forever by ideology. It is spread from the media that , in turn , are major broadcasters from a set of symbols that make us recover the historical and ideological construct that pervade the discourse. The advertising text as any materiality works as a spreader of discourses which the human being can maintain contact with, making certain images circulates and reinforcing stereotypes about many social groups represented by them. In the case of the tourism advertising about Bahia, it is possible to notice that in the discourse used, it is not only for advertising about touristic spots to be visited, climate, food, etc., but also the image of people who live in this destination in the case, baianos. The state of Bahia charges a particular thing which configures discursively the notion that all ?baianos? are party people, they do not have willingness to work, being happy, religious, mystic, friendly and mainly, lazy. This discursive construction of people from Bahia comes from its history, culture and the ideological subject?s identification e non-identification processes with certain discursive positions in the course of the time. Thus, the present work aims to analyze the discourse built in a magazine named Viagem e Turismo, considering the points found in a previous analysis of the corpus representing the ?bainanidade: happiness, laziness and religiosity. It is justified because contributes the comprehension about the representatives ways of the baiano?s and national?s discourses, helping the understanding of the discourse function in the subject?s image construction process based on the P?cheux?s Discourse Analysis. / O discurso ? o efeito de sentido produzido na rela??o entre sujeitos afetados desde sempre pela ideologia. Ele ? disseminado a partir dos meios de comunica??o que, por sua vez, s?o principais difusores de um jogo de s?mbolos que nos fazem retomar o construto hist?rico e ideol?gico que permeiam os discursos. O texto publicit?rio como toda e qualquer materialidade exerce o papel de propagador de discursos com os quais o ser humano pode entrar em contato, fazendo circular certas imagens e refor?ando certos estere?tipos sobre diversos grupos sociais que nele s?o representados. No caso da publicidade de turismo sobre a Bahia, ? poss?vel perceber que no discurso usado, n?o ? feita somente a propaganda dos pontos tur?sticos a serem visitados, clima, comidas etc., mas tamb?m ? vendida a imagem das pessoas que habitam esse lugar de destino, neste caso dos baianos. A Bahia carrega algo muito particular que termina configurando discursivamente a no??o de que todos os baianos s?o pessoas festeiras, que n?o possuem disposi??o para o trabalho, sendo alegres, religiosas, m?sticas, camaradas e, principalmente, pregui?osas. Essa constru??o discursiva da imagem dos baianos ? decorrente da sua hist?ria, cultura e processos ideol?gicos de identifica??o e desidentifica??o dos sujeitos com certas posi??es discursivas no decorrer do tempo. Desse modo, esta disserta??o busca analisar o discurso constru?do na revista Viagem e Turismo, ponderando sobre as caracter?sticas que foram encontradas numa an?lise pr?via do corpus representando a baianidade: a alegria, a pregui?a e a religiosidade. Ele justifica- se pelo fato de contribuir para a compreens?o dos modos representativos do discurso baiano e nacional, auxiliando noentendimento da fun??o do discurso e sua relev?ncia no processo de constru??o da imagem do sujeito com base na Analise de discurso Pechetiana.

Increasing stress levels over the past 30 years have reached an all-time high, which has also correlated with an increase in medical insurance costs due to the adverse effects on life expectancy, obesity rates, and non-communicable disease deaths. An additional social problem affecting the U.S. is a 20-year increase in political dichotomy. Research has shown a distinction between liberals and conservatives on a variety of characteristics ranging from sleep patterns, disgust, personality, and even cleanliness. This current study used two other characteristics that correlate with both stress and political orientation, and they are happiness and religiosity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceived stress, happiness, religiosity, and political orientation. Two theories chosen for this study included System Justification Theory (SJT) and Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). Both theories relate to the differences between liberals and conservatives on happiness, religion, and morality. This study had 201 participants recruited via Amazon's MTurk and used a hierarchical multiple regression model, which includes the following psychometric instruments: Perceived Stress Scale-10, Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Religious Orientation Scale (Intrinsic and Extrinsic), and the Modified Wilson-Patterson Inventory. There was a significant effect found between intrinsic religiosity and conservative political orientation. In assisting social and behavioral scientists at better understanding stress differences and how humans cope in unique ways, positive social change is made possible by mitigating stress levels and therefore decreasing healthcare costs.

[pt] Ao revisitar a frase Como é para bem de todos, e Felicidade geral da Nação, estou pronto: - diga ao Povo que fico, que consagrou o Dia do Fico, este trabalho tem como objetivos: pôr em destaque o protagonismo do príncipe regente D. Pedro de Alcântara nesse acontecimento em meio às forças políticas presentes em ambos os reinos; identificar as mudanças nos conceitos Povo, Nação, Cidadão, Soberania e Felicidade em decorrência dos embates entre as concepções absolutistas do Estado e aquelas do Constitucionalismo; e dialogar criticamente com a historiografia que interpreta o Dia do Fico como o ponto de partida para revolução de Independência do Brasil concretizada no 7 de setembro de 1822, uma vez que D. Pedro pretendia evitar o risco de independência e preservar a união do Império Português, garantindo a autoridade dos Braganças. Para tanto, essa dissertação traça uma pequena biografia de D. Pedro; analisa dois dos principais jornais do período o Revérbero Constitucional Fluminense e A Malagueta; e destaca a correspondência entre o príncipe e seu pai, D. João, desde fins de dezembro de 1821 até o dia 9 de janeiro de 1822, o Dia do Fico. / [en] By revisiting the phrase As it is for the good of everyone, and general happiness of the nation, I m ready - tell people that I am staying, that consecrated the Fico Day, this work aims to: highlight the role of the prince regent D. Pedro de Alcântara as protagonist in this event among the political forces in both kingdoms; identify changes in the concepts of People, Nation, Citizen, Sovereignty and Happiness as a result of the clashes between the absolutist conceptions of the State and those of the Constitutionalism, and critically dialogue with the historiography that portrays the Fico Day as a starting point for independence revolution of Brazil achieved in the September 7, 1822., once D. Pedro intended to avoid the risk of independence and to preserve the union of the Portuguese Empire, ensuring the authority of the Braganças. To that end, this dissertation traces a short biography of D. Pedro, analyzes two of the main newspapers of the period Revérbero Constitucional Fluminense and A Malagueta; and highlights the correspondence between the prince and his father, D. João, since the end of December 1821 until January 9, 1822, the Fico Day.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第21962号 / 社医博第93号 / 新制||社医||10(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 中山 健夫, 教授 川上 浩司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

The affect and decision literature has established that incidental moods affect our decisions and choices. Yet few studies have gathered process data to examine the role of affect on the cognitive processes underlying decision-making. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the effects of induced moods on the process and outcomes of decisions under risk, using mixed-domain financial problems. In two empirical studies, an eye tracker was used to record decision-makers’ distribution of attention across specific aspects of the decision problems, and transitions in attention. Both studies tested for possible mood congruency effects and mood effects on depth of processing in the decision-making task. In Study 1, viewing of short movie clips was used to induce either happy or sad mood in participants, who then made choices between pairs of mixed-domain options consisting of a probabilistic gain coupled with a probabilistic loss. Data were also gathered in a control condition, where participants were instructed to use an EV-calculation strategy, a prototypical integrative compensatory strategy. In Study 2, instead of movie clips, the mood induction task involved reading a sad or neutral news story. Inclusion of a neutral condition enabled inferences about the specific effect of the induced sad mood condition. Also, the decision task in Study 2 was modified in structure by always pairing a sure option with a mixed-domain risky option. Study 1 results showed significant differences in choices and in attention transitions between the EV-instruction and the induced mood conditions, but no significant differences between the happy and sad induced mood conditions. Participants with induced moods showed relatively more evidence of heuristic strategy use, but analytic strategies remained the modal strategy in all conditions. Importantly, key types of attention transitions were shown to reliably predict the frequency of observed choices consistent with optimal (EV- maximizing) and heuristic strategies. Study 2 found significant effects of problem structure (domain) on choices and distribution of attention. Participants in general had longer fixations and showed more EV-maximizing choices for problem structure 2 (sure loss versus mixed risky option) than for problem structure 1 (sure gain versus mixed risky option) problems. Across both studies, however, the results did not demonstrate any effect of specific induced incidental mood on decision-making. Limitations of the findings and future research directions are discussed.