This thesis focuses on the role of communication from healthcare professionals to patients, their relatives, and colleagues and its impact on patient care outcomes. We demonstrate the importance of appropriate communication style and strong communication skills to these outcomes (i.e. higher adherence, overall satisfaction, and social support). We also illustrate various situations requiring difficult communication that healthcare professionals commonly encounter in practice. The aim is to capture the most common communication demanding situations from the practice of healthcare professionals and provide a "reference" for their successful completion. The outcome of the practical part of this work is to map the difficult communication situations of Czech healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses and others) through questionnaire survey , and to design a mobile application that will serve as a form of aid for healthcare professionals or medics in individual communication situations with adult patients, their relatives, and colleagues. Keywords: Communication in healthcare, communication-demanding situations, patient care, health professionals

Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva förutsättningar för omvårdnad av personer med kognitiv sjukdom i en slutenvårdskontext. Metoden var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design. 14 stycken artiklar analyserades i en induktiv innehållsanalys enligt Granheim och Lundman för att få fram kategorier som därefter delades upp i subkategorier. I analysen framkom tre kategorier: organisatoriska förutsättningar, kunskapsmässiga förutsättningar samt relationsskapande förutsättningar. Resultatet visar, att de förutsättningar som behövs för att ge omvårdnad till personer med kognitiv sjukdom i en somatisk slutenvårdskontext handlar om en organisation som ger förutsättningar avseende tid, adekvat bemanning, en anpassad vårdmiljö och ett starkt teamarbete. Vårdpersonalen efterfrågar mer teoretisk kunskap och fortbildning för att kunna ge en personcentrerad omvårdnad. Närståendes delaktighet och de enskilda vårdarbetarnas engagemang och vilja att anpassa kommunikationen till dessa patienter, är andra förutsättningar utifrån syftet som framkommer i resultatet.  Slutsatsen i litteraturöversikten är att vården av personer med kognitiv sjukdom behöver utvecklas inom slutenvården. Förutsättningar för att ge omvårdnad till denna patientgrupp bygger på att det finns tillräcklig kunskap, kompetens och engagemang hos de enskilda medarbetarna men även en organisation som inser behovet av anpassning och vårdutveckling / The aim of this study was to describe conditions regarding nursing care for persons with dementia in somatic inpatient care. The method was a literature review with a non-systematic design in which two databases, Cinahl and Pubmed, were used to find appropriate scientific articles. 14 scientific articles were analyzed through an inductive content analysis according to Granheim and Lundman. Three categories emerged from the analysis: organizational conditions, educational conditions, and conditions according to relationships. The result shows that conditions required in nursing care for persons with dementia in somatic inpatient care constituted an organization that gives time, appropriate staffing, adjusted care environment and a strong teamwork. Nursing staff requested theoretical knowledge and ongoing education to deliver person centered nursing care. Family involvement, staff commitment and willingness to adjust communication were other conditions required. The conclusion is that the care for persons with dementia needs to develop in somatic inpatient care. Conditions to give nursing care to persons with dementia are based on adequate knowledge, competence, and commitment of the individual coworker, but it is also based on an organization that realizes the need of adjustment and care development.

I Sverige lever cirka 160 000 personer med en kognitiv sjukdom. Flertalet av dessa personer löper risk att utveckla en försämrad förmåga att själv kunna förmedla eventuell smärtupplevelse, vilket leder till ett ökat lidande och försämrad livskvalitet. För att vårdpersonal ska kunna utföra en personcentrerad och säker vård för personer med kognitiv sjukdom och lindra lidande behövs vissa förutsättningar. Syfte med litteraturöversikten var att synliggöra vilka förutsättningar som behövs för att vårdpersonal ska kunna identifiera och lindra smärta hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Som metod för det självständiga arbetet valdes en allmän litteraturöversikt. I denna har befintlig forskning sammanställts för att besvara litteraturöversikten syfte. Sökning av artiklar har genomförts i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed vilket resulterade i att 16 artiklar kvalitetsgranskades av författarna och inkluderades i litteraturöversikten. I litteraturöversiktens resultat framkom att det behövs ett flertal förutsättningar för att vårdpersonal ska kunna identifiera och lindra smärta hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. Det behövs en adekvat personalbemanning, rutiner och riktlinjer att följa, att vård och omsorgsarbetet utgår från multiprofessionella team samt att vårdpersonal har möjlighet till kompetensutveckling inom området. Dessa förutsättningar är grunden för att vårdpersonal ska kunna arbeta utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt och ha möjlighet att skapa en god relation med personen, vilket främjar möjligheten att identifiera och lindra smärta. Slutsatsen var att en personcentrerad vård är en förutsättning för att identifiera och lindra smärta hos personer med kognitiv sjukdom. För detta behövs ett flertal fungerande organisatoriska faktorer samt en ökad kunskap inom området. / In Sweden approximately 160.000 individuals live with a cognitive disorder. The majority of these individuals are at risk of impaired ability to convey eventual pain, which increases suffering and decreases quality of life. Certain conditions are necessary in order for healthcare professionals to care for patients living with a cognitive disorder that is based on patient- centered care and safe healthcare. The aim of this study was to explore the conditions required for healthcare professionals to be able to identify and alleviate suffering in people with cognitive disorder. A literature review was chosen as the method. Existing research has been compiled in order to answer the aim of the study. In order to find appropriate scientific articles, Cinahl and Pubmed were used as databases. This resulted in 16 scientific articles, quality reviewed by the authors and included in the literature review. The results showed that there are a number of conditions required in order to alleviate pain in individuals that live with a cognitive disorder. There is a need for adequate staffing, routines and guidelines to act in accordance with, a care that is based on multi-professional teams as well as an opportunity for health care staff to develop skills within their profession. These conditions constitute the bases that are necessary in order for health care staff to work based on a person-centered approach along with the opportunity to create a good relationship with the regarding person. This promotes the ability to identify and alleviate pain. The conclusion was that a person-centered care is a necessity in order to identify and alleviate pain in individuals that live with a cognitive disorder. That requires a number of functioning organizational factors as well as increased knowledge within this area.

Mental health professionals (MHPs) play a pivotal role in enhancing treatment outcomes for drug-using populations and minimizing their harm to the public. In response to a gap in the literature, this study sought to (a) assess MHPs' attitudes about the use and abuse of substances and their perception of their role in tackling substance abuse and related disorders in Nigeria, (b) identify predictors of perception, and (c) explore regional variations in attitude. Based on the validated drug and drug users' problems perception questionnaire and the substance abuse attitude survey, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in a randomized sample of 292 MHPs practicing in neuropsychiatric hospitals and in the mental health departments of teaching hospitals from 4 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. A response rate of 81.1% was achieved. MHPs' attitude about substance use tended towards the non-permissive, stereotypical, and moralistic spectrum, and its role perception was distinctly defined. Educational attainment (O.R = 0.50, p = 0.030), work-motivation (O.R = 0.55, p < 0.0001), and role-support (O.R = 1.48, p < 0.0001) significantly predicted MHPs' role perception. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there were significant regional variations in the attitudes of multidisciplinary MHPs, H (3) 18.727, p < 0.0001. Step-down follow up analysis revealed that the distribution of attitude total score vary significantly between the south-southern and southwestern region (p< 0.001), the northeastern and southeastern region of the country (p < 0.028). To foster the rehabilitation of this population and its reintegration into mainstream society, a holistic approach toward the standardization of drug treatment is needed. It should take into account the cultural, religious, and ethnic differences predominating in different regions.

No description available.

Psychotherapist multicultural competence has been given increasing attention in the field of psychology since the 1970s. However, individuals and communities who are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color are still less likely to attend psychotherapy and often drop out earlier than White clients. These trends highlight the importance of the ongoing research on therapist multicultural competence. There are many multicultural competencies, however, the current study focuses on therapist cultural humility. Specifically, we systematically searched all the current research on the association between cultural humility and client experiences and outcomes in therapy. Our literature search yielded eight studies that met our search criteria. Next, we synthesized the data by conducting a meta-analysis using the metric of Pearson's r as the effect size. In addition, we aggregated average item-level therapist scores and the reliability coefficient of the Cultural Humility Scale (CHS; Hook et al., 2013). We found a moderate positive correlation between client perceptions of therapist cultural humility and client experiences and outcomes in therapy of r = .39 (p < .05). Furthermore, we found the average item-level score to be 3.86 out of a maximum score of 5 (SE =.086), which corresponds with the rating of "mildly agree," indicating that clients typically perceive therapists to demonstrate cultural humility. Finally, we found CHS to be reliable across studies, with an average alpha coefficient of .91. These finding suggest that cultural humility is an important aspect of the psychotherapeutic relationship. Furthermore, they suggest that the CHS is a reliable measure and should continue to be used in future studies. Finally, because our review yielded only eight studies, more research on this relationship is needed.

No description available.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / Background: Since the introduction of optometry services in 1994 in Limpopo hospitals there is a need to improve the eye care services. Hospital records revealed that most of the spectacles worn by health professionals were not issued by the hospital optometry department. Those who were issued with spectacles when they were newly employed had not renewed from the hospital’s optometry department after the recommended two years. The aim of this study was to determine perceptions and attitudes of public healthcare workers towards optometry services in Zebediela. Limpopo Province, South Africa Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Participants were public healthcare professionals in Zebediela hospital and clinics in Zebediela sub-local municipality. Following the ethical approval and informed consent, a self-administered questionnaire with closed-ended questions was used to collect information on the perceptions, attitudes and socio-demographic factors. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS statistic 23 software. Results: The majority of participants had negative perceptions (78.7%) and 76.4% had positive attitudes towards the optometry department. There was significant association between perception according to profession of participants (P=0.025). There was significant association between attitude according to profession (P=0.001), as well as years in institutional employment (P=0.035). There was no significant association between either perceptions or attitudes and age group, gender as well as employment experience Conclusion: The health professionals held negative perceptions but favourable attitudes towards the optometry staff and the optometry service but needed more information for themselves and the general patient. The health professionals were not impressed by the type of spectacles issued and optometry service delivery aspects. Awareness campaigns by optometrists, need to be increased to the public and also inter professional relationships need to be strengthened to reduce negative perceptions through peer cross professional education in the health system.

Yes / Even prior to the conclusion of the European Union (EU) referendum (Brexit), the NHS was showing tremendous signs of strain. Immediately after the outcome was announced, promises of major re-investment of funds saved from payments to the EU were retracted. Since then, hospital closures, cuts and changes to health and social care have been revealed, with regular news broadcasts highlighting the crisis facing the NHS. The uncertainties about post-Brexit relationships, economy, politics and security are likely to further significantly impact the NHS and its sustainability. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the NHS are inextricably linked through research and education of health and social care professionals – changes therefore having implications for both.

Bakgrund: Personer med ADHD har ofta nedsatta exekutiva funktioner, vilket kan försvåra social interaktion. Även vid autismspektrumtillstånd förekommer exekutiv dysfunktion, och där har tidigare studier visat ett behov av att ta hänsyn till detta vid vårdrelaterat bemötande. Det finns begränsad kunskap om hur personer med ADHD upplever bemötande inom hälso- och sjukvården.  Syfte: Syftet var att utforska hur personer med ADHD upplever bemötande inom hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: I studien tillämpas en kvalitativ design med deskriptiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta personer med ADHD-diagnos. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier kunde formuleras utifrån intervjumaterialet: Brist på tydlighet, bristande respekt för individ och autonomi samt begränsad kunskap om ADHD hos vårdpersonal. Informanter upplevde otydlighet i kommunikation och struktur och en känsla av att vårdpersonalen inte hade respekterat deras person eller autonomi. De beskriver också hur tidsaspekten blir ett problem: att behöva vänta på olika moment och inte veta hur länge de behöver vänta. Okunskapen om ADHD kändes besvärande. Informanter upplevde att vårdpersonalen hade låst sig vid en begränsad kunskap om ADHD istället för att se personen de hade framför sig. Studiens teoretiska referensram, Joyce Travelbees interaktionsteori, understryker betydelsen av kommunikation och interaktion i omvårdnadssituationen för att adekvat vård ska kunna ges till den unika patienten, och att en förutsättning är att sjuksköterskan vill hjälpa men också har förmågan att göra det.  Slutsats: Informanter i studien upplevde brister inom i huvudsak tre områden: tydlighet i kommunikation och struktur, respekt för deras person och autonomi samt vårdpersonalens kunskapsnivå gällande ADHD. Det är viktigt att patienter bemöts efter sina särskilda förutsättningar. Patienter med ADHD är inte en homogen grupp: graden och omfattningen av svårigheter kan skilja mycket, även mellan individer som uppfyller samma subdiagnos. Sjuksköterskan kan använda dessa kunskaper för att förbättra individanpassningen av bemötande och omvårdnad av personer med ADHD. / Background: People with ADHD often have impaired executive functions, which can hamper social interaction. Also in autism spectrum disorders executive dysfunction occurs, and here previous studies have demonstrated a need to take that into account in health-related personal treatment. There is limited knowledge about how people with ADHD are experiencing personal treatment in health care. Aim: The aim was to explore how people with ADHD are experiencing personal treatment in health care. Method: The study applied a qualitative design with descriptive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight people with ADHD diagnosis. Results: Three main categories could be formulated on the basis of the interview material: Lack of clarity, lack of respect for individual and autonomy, and healthcare professional’s limited knowledge about ADHD. The informants experienced a lack of clarity in communication and structure and a feeling that the staff had not respected their person or autonomy. They also describe how the time factor becomes a problem: having to wait for different moments and not knowing how long they will have to wait. Ignorance of ADHD was perceived troublesome. Informants felt that caregivers often stuck to limited understanding of ADHD instead of seeing the person they had in front of them. The study's theoretical framework, Joyce Travelbee’s interaction theory, emphasizes the importance of communication and interaction in the nursing situation to care adequately for the unique patient, and that a prerequisite is that the nurse wants to help but also has the ability to do so. Conclusion: Informants in the study experienced shortcomings in mainly three areas: clarity in communication and structure, respect for their person and autonomy, as well as the healthcare professionals' level of knowledge regarding ADHD. It is important that patients are treated according to their particular conditions. Patients with ADHD are not a homogeneous group: the severity and the extent of the difficulties can be very different, even between individuals who meet the same subdiagnosis. Healthcare professional’s can use this knowledge to improve the personalization of treatment and care of people with ADHD.