This master’s thesis is focused on the continuous descent approach procedure and its impact on the airspace capacity. The first part is devoted to the theoretical description of the procedure and the assessment of the current situation in implementation of continuous descent approach at the European airports. The impact on the airspace capacity is demonstrated by a detailed analysis of the procedure application at Praha – Ruzyně airport. The aim of the analysis is to define critical areas that have to be solved before permanent application of the procedure. In the following chapters there are presented possible solutions of conflict spots in the current operational environment and in the future after implementation of 4D trajectory concept as well. The last part is focused on the application of continuous descent approach at Praha – Ruzyně airport after the construction of a parallel runway.

Syftet med föreliggande kvantitativa studie har varit att ta reda på i vilken utsträckning musik- studerande elever och studenter upplever att de kan öva strukturerat och effektivt samt om sång- och instrumentallärare, inom ramen för sin undervisning, lär sina elever detta. Avsikten var också att ta reda på om det med anknytning till detta finns samband eller variationer bland respondenterna kopplat till någon av bakgrundsfaktorerna kön, instrument, genre eller skol- form. Med positivism och objektivism som vetenskaps- och kunskapsteoretiska utgångspunkter valdes enkät som forskningsmetod där två olika enkäter konstruerades, en till elever och stu- denter och en till lärare. Enkäterna distribuerades sedan till gymnasieskolor, folkhögskolor och musikhögskolor runt om i Sverige. Resultatet visar att lärarnas svar och eleverna och studen- ternas svar skiljer sig markant, där lärarna i högre utsträckning anger att de bistår sina elever med övningsmetoder och vägledning. Tidigare forskning pekar på att lärare tenderar att tro att de lär sina elever att öva i högre utsträckning än vad de faktiskt gör, vilket är något som disku- teras i förhållande till föreliggande studies resultat. Vidare visar resultatet att genre kan vara den mest avgörande faktorn för i vilken utsträckning elever och studenter får möjlighet att lära sig att öva inom ramen för sång- och instrumentalundervisningen. Elever och studenter inom den klassiska genren anger nämligen i signifikant högre utsträckning att de får vägledning i sin övning jämfört med elever och studenter inom genren jazz/pop/rock. Av resultatet framgår också att majoriteten av eleverna och studenterna önskar mer stöd och vägledning i sin övning. Avslutningsvis förs därför en diskussion om huruvida utlärning av övning är ett moment som tydligare bör framhävas i kursplaner och styrdokument. / The purpose of the present quantitative study has been to investigate the extent to which stu- dents feel that they can practice in a manner that is structured and effective. Additionally, the purpose was to examine whether song and instrumental teachers, within their regular teaching, also teach their students how to practice. The intention was furthermore to find out whether there are any connections or variations among the respondents linked to any of the background factors: gender, instrument, genre or school form. Based on positivism and objectivism as the- ories of science and knowledge, questionnaires were chosen as research method, in which one questionnaire was designed for students and one for teachers. The questionnaires were then distributed to upper secondary schools, folk high schools and music colleges around Sweden. The result shows that the teachers' answers and the students' answers differ markedly, where the teachers, to a greater extent, indicate that they assist their students with practice methods and guidance. Previous research indicates that teachers tend to think that they teach their stu- dents to practice to a greater extent than they actually do, which is something that is discussed in relation to the results of the present study. Furthermore, the results show that genre can be the most decisive factor for the extent to which students are given the opportunity to learn to practice within their lesson. Students in the classical genre indicate to a much greater extent that they receive guidance in their practice compared to students in the jazz/pop/rock genre. The result also shows that the majority of the students wants more support and guidance in their practice. Therefore, a final discussion is held about the aspect of teaching students how to prac- tice and whether this aspect maybe need to be clarified in syllabuses and steering documents.

I detta arbete undersöks instrumentalpedagogers syn på musikalisk bredd och dess betydelse för undervisningen. Genom intervjuer med yrkesverksamma instrumentalpedagoger och musiker utforskas frågor kring yrkesidentitet och yrkesroll med fokus på hur pedagogerna uppfattar sig själva som både pedagoger och musiker på sina huvud- och biinstrument, och hur detta påverkar deras undervisning. Resultaten från intervjuerna visade att en gemensam grundidé var att läraren bör behärska instrumenten de undervisar på, samtidigt som det är viktigt att förebilda och utstråla självförtroende på instrumenten för att skapa positiva upplevelser för eleverna. / This work examines instrumental educators views on musical breadth of musical knowledge and skills and its significance for teaching. Through interviews with professional instrumental pedagogues and musicians, questions regarding professional identity and role are explored, with a focus on how pedagogues perceive themselves as both educators and musicians on their main- and secondary instruments, and how it affects their teaching. Results from the interviews indicate a common idea: that pedagogues should be skilled on their instruments, but put more emphasis on the idea that you should be a role model and show self-confidence on the instruments to create positive experiences for their students.

The well-known observatory tower of the Beyer Building, the landmark of the TUD Dresden University of Technology, houses a selection of the most notable objects belonging to the collection of historical instruments from the fields of astronomy and geodesy. Several display cabinets present to the interested visitor such instruments as theodolites, levels, a telescopic alidade, sextants, chronometers and meridian circles.

Adekvata resurser i form av optimalt antal patienter per sjuksköterska som fångar både vård och icke-patientvårdsrelaterad omvårdnad är ett problem för sjuksköterskorna världen över. Vårdtyngdsmätning kan vara ett led i att synliggöra omvårdnadsinsatserna för att säkerställa patientsäkerheten. Ett väl innehållsvaliderat vårdtyngdsinstrument inom postoperativ vård saknades. Rätt använt kan vårdtyngdsinstrument leda till positiv effekt för patienter och personal. Vårdinsatserna blir mätbara och ökar personalens medvetenhet i vårdarbetet. Studiens syfte var att innehållsvalidera och utveckla ett vårdtyngdsinstrument som används inom postoperativ vård vid Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Stockholm (VPV). Innehållsvalideringen utfördes med hjälp av Delfimetoden där specialistsjuksköterskor inom postoperativ vård från nio sjukhus (n=16) ingick i en expertgrupp som via enkätfrågor gav sina synpunkter på vårdtyngdsinstrumentet. Svaren bearbetades av magisterstudenterna tillsammans med handledarna till konsensus uppnåddes och ett validerat vårdtyngds-instrument VPV 2015 utformades. Studien har potential för stor klinisk betydelse och resultaten kan omsättas i det dagliga postoperativa omvårdnadsarbetet, då det är viktigt att de postoperativa patienterna får den omvårdnad de är i behov av och att vårdpersonalen kan utföra behövande omvårdnadshandlingar. / Adequate resources in terms of optimal patient distribution by a nurse who captures both health care and non- patient nursing care is a problem for nurses worldwide. Measurement workload can be a part of the visibility nursing efforts to ensure patient safety. A well content validated workload instrument in postoperative care was missing. Properly used, workload instrument can lead to positive effects for patients and staff. Care efforts are measurable and increase staff awareness in nursing work. The study's purpose was to content validity and develop a workload instrument used in post-operative care at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm (VPV). Content validation was performed by using the Delphi method where specialist nurses in postoperative care from nine hospitals (n = 16) were part of a group of experts through questionnaires gave their views on the workload instrument. The answers were processed by the students together with supervisors to the consensus achieved and a validated burden of workload instrument VPV 2015 designed. It is important for postoperative patients to receive appropriate levels of nursing care, and that this can be performed adequately. The study is therefore potentially of great clinical importance, and the results can be translatable into daily postoperative nursing work.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 S335 / Master of Music / Music, Theatre, and Dance

This article describes the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-OLD (an add-on module to the World Health Organization's Quality of Life measure for older people) in a South African sample. International literature cites three short versions of the WHOQOL-OLD instrument. The psychometric properties associated with these three short versions of the WHOQOL-OLD are also described. The unique challenges posed by ageing populations are evident in both developed and developing countries. In South Africa the elderly population is also increasing dramatically. There is a disproportionate distribution of older persons per ethnic group, with white older people representing the largest group of older South Africans (21%, proportional to ethnic group). Regardless of integration policies in post-apartheid South Africa, especially in terms of housing arrangements, the majority of long-term care facilities in South Africa remain to be occupied predominantly by white older people. For this reason the participants of this study were mostly older white South Africans. It is, however, projected that this picture will change in future times due to more aggressive transformation-driven policies. A national audit of residential care facilities by the Department of Social Development in 2010 indicated a need for psychosocial interventions since the QoL of residents was found to be undetermined. QoL research in South Africa has largely been conducted from socio-economic and health-care perspectives and has tended to focus on specific societies in which older people are usually not explicitly included. Evidence exists of various qualitative studies among older people living in long-term care facilities, from a psychological perspective. However, the short supply of quantitative studies in this setting is significant. The lack of measurements developed for an older population also resulted in an increasing need for the development of gerontological QoL measurements with sound psychometric properties. Internationally, various measures of QoL utilised in older age groups have become increasingly popular. This study took particular interest in the WHOQOL-OLD instrument. Under the auspices of the World Health Organization Quality of Life group, a collaborative effort among numerous researchers from various countries has led to the development of a measure focussing on the QoL in older population cohorts. The initial development of the generic WHOQOL measures of quality of life occurred in 15 different centres worldwide, excluding South Africa. In the development of an add-on module, 22 centres around the world were involved (again excluding South Africa). It cannot be assumed that measuring instruments developed in a Western context are applicable in an African context. South Africa is a very diverse nation - the majority of ethnic groups lead a collectivistic existence. As a result the determination of the psychometric properties of such instruments, for use within South Africa, was needed. It is of importance to note that the participants of this study were more individualistically inclined, which is comparable to Western societies. This study was the first step in exploring the instrument’s reliable use within South Africa. Surveys were completed by 176 older people who were fluent in both Afrikaans and English. Participants of the study resided in long-term care facilities in Potchefstroom in the North-West province of South Africa. Their ages varied between 61 and 95 and the mean age of participants was 77 years. Of the respondents, 50 were male and 126 were female. All reported average to good health and cognitive ability. The current study found encouraging results related to the original factor structure of the WHOQOL-OLD as well as the three shorter versions of this instrument. Results from the data of the current sample seem to fit the original structure model well. The reliabilities associated with the various sub-dimensions point to a reliable instrument. The original WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire with its 24 items or any of the three short versions of this instrument can therefore be utilised in a South African context. / MA (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

This article describes the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-OLD (an add-on module to the World Health Organization's Quality of Life measure for older people) in a South African sample. International literature cites three short versions of the WHOQOL-OLD instrument. The psychometric properties associated with these three short versions of the WHOQOL-OLD are also described. The unique challenges posed by ageing populations are evident in both developed and developing countries. In South Africa the elderly population is also increasing dramatically. There is a disproportionate distribution of older persons per ethnic group, with white older people representing the largest group of older South Africans (21%, proportional to ethnic group). Regardless of integration policies in post-apartheid South Africa, especially in terms of housing arrangements, the majority of long-term care facilities in South Africa remain to be occupied predominantly by white older people. For this reason the participants of this study were mostly older white South Africans. It is, however, projected that this picture will change in future times due to more aggressive transformation-driven policies. A national audit of residential care facilities by the Department of Social Development in 2010 indicated a need for psychosocial interventions since the QoL of residents was found to be undetermined. QoL research in South Africa has largely been conducted from socio-economic and health-care perspectives and has tended to focus on specific societies in which older people are usually not explicitly included. Evidence exists of various qualitative studies among older people living in long-term care facilities, from a psychological perspective. However, the short supply of quantitative studies in this setting is significant. The lack of measurements developed for an older population also resulted in an increasing need for the development of gerontological QoL measurements with sound psychometric properties. Internationally, various measures of QoL utilised in older age groups have become increasingly popular. This study took particular interest in the WHOQOL-OLD instrument. Under the auspices of the World Health Organization Quality of Life group, a collaborative effort among numerous researchers from various countries has led to the development of a measure focussing on the QoL in older population cohorts. The initial development of the generic WHOQOL measures of quality of life occurred in 15 different centres worldwide, excluding South Africa. In the development of an add-on module, 22 centres around the world were involved (again excluding South Africa). It cannot be assumed that measuring instruments developed in a Western context are applicable in an African context. South Africa is a very diverse nation - the majority of ethnic groups lead a collectivistic existence. As a result the determination of the psychometric properties of such instruments, for use within South Africa, was needed. It is of importance to note that the participants of this study were more individualistically inclined, which is comparable to Western societies. This study was the first step in exploring the instrument’s reliable use within South Africa. Surveys were completed by 176 older people who were fluent in both Afrikaans and English. Participants of the study resided in long-term care facilities in Potchefstroom in the North-West province of South Africa. Their ages varied between 61 and 95 and the mean age of participants was 77 years. Of the respondents, 50 were male and 126 were female. All reported average to good health and cognitive ability. The current study found encouraging results related to the original factor structure of the WHOQOL-OLD as well as the three shorter versions of this instrument. Results from the data of the current sample seem to fit the original structure model well. The reliabilities associated with the various sub-dimensions point to a reliable instrument. The original WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire with its 24 items or any of the three short versions of this instrument can therefore be utilised in a South African context. / MA (Clinical Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Försäkringskassan (FK) har i uppdrag av Sveriges regering att ge ekonomisk ersättning vid funktionsnedsättning och att utreda medicinska förutsättningar för arbete med tillförlitliga bedömningsverktyg. Vid kompletterande bedömning av medicinska förutsättningar för arbete har Försäkringskassan valt det arbetsterapeutiska bedömningsinstrumentet Assessment of Work Performance som en del av aktivitetsförmågeutredningen. En specifik tillämpning med namnet Assessment of Work Performance – Försäkringskassan (AWP-FK) har utvecklats. I tillämpningen ingår tre arbetsuppgifter; namnskyltsbeställning, sortering av post samt montering av hyllor. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka hur yrkesverksamma arbetsterapeuter uppfattar och använder bedömningsinstrumentet AWP-FK. Metoden som valdes var en e-Delphistudie. Urvalet bestod av 11 yrkesverksamma arbetsterapeuter i Sverige som har arbetat med AWP-FK. Resultatet visar att arbetsterapeuterna tyckte att manualen var tydlig. Färdighetsområdet kommunikations- och interaktionsfärdigheter ansåg arbetsterapeuterna var svårt att bedöma med dagens arbetsuppgifter. Slutsatsen blev att det finns utvecklingsmöjligheter för AWP-FK vad gäller manualen, kommunikations- och interaktionsfärdigheter samt utveckling av nya arbetsuppgifter. I diskussionen diskuteras metodens tillförlitlighet och dess begränsningar. Metoden var fördelaktig eftersom svaren från runda ett gick att följa upp genom en konsensusberäkning. Slutsatsen blir att det är svårt att bedöma kommunikations- och interaktionsfärdigheter. Vidare diskuteras att det behövs fler arbetsuppgifter som bedömer kommunikations- och interaktionsfärdigheter samt att detta färdighetsområde bör utvecklas.

Published Article / To start with, "Corporate Social Responsibility" (CSR) appears a misnomer as it suggests a 'big business only' connotation. Rather, "Business Social Responsibility" (BSR) appears a better alternative because it accommodates all sizes of business. Despite progress in the business / society relationship, SMMEs on the African continent continue being neglected as far as BSR research is concerned. Unlike in the West, there are no frameworks, tools, and instruments to guide those interested in the SMME / BSR nexus in the African context. As it turns out, scholars, researchers, policy makers, and owner / managers interested in the SMME / BSR nexus in Africa have no choice but to rely on frameworks, tools, and metrics designed for European and American contexts. This is in spite of Visser's (2007) caution that the Euro-American frameworks are inappropriate for the African situation. This paper makes a case for the development of an African context specific SMME / BSR framework(s) and measurement instrument(s).