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Le travail de cette thèse porte sur l'étude du contrôle en temps réel de synthèse de voix chantée par une tablette graphique dans le cadre de l'instrument de musique numérique Cantor Digitalis.La pertinence de l'utilisation d'une telle interface pour le contrôle de l'intonation vocale a été traitée en premier lieu, démontrant que la tablette permet un contrôle de la hauteur mélodique plus précis que la voix réelle en situation expérimentale.Pour étendre la justesse du jeu à toutes situations, une méthode de correction dynamique de l'intonation a été développée, permettant de jouer en dessous du seuil de perception de justesse et préservant en même temps l'expressivité du musicien. Des évaluations objective et perceptive ont permis de valider l'efficacité de cette méthode.L'utilisation de nouvelles interfaces pour la musique pose la question des modalités impliquées dans le jeu de l'instrument. Une troisième étude révèle une prépondérance de la perception visuelle sur la perception auditive pour le contrôle de l'intonation, due à l'introduction d'indices visuels sur la surface de la tablette. Néanmoins, celle-ci est compensée par l'important pouvoir expressif de l'interface.En effet, la maîtrise de l'écriture ou du dessin dès l'enfance permet l'acquisition rapide d'un contrôle expert de l'instrument. Pour formaliser ce contrôle, nous proposons une suite de gestes adaptés à différents effets musicaux rencontrés dans la musique vocale. Enfin, une pratique intensive de l'instrument est réalisée au sein de l'ensemble Chorus Digitalis à des fins de test et de diffusion. Un travail de recherche artistique est conduit tant dans la mise en scène que dans le choix du répertoire musical à associer à l'instrument. De plus, un retour visuel dédié au public a été développé, afin d'aider à la compréhension du maniement de l'instrument. / This thesis deals with the real-time control of singing voice synthesis by a graphic tablet, based on the digital musical instrument Cantor Digitalis.The relevance of the graphic tablet for the intonation control is first considered, showing that the tablet provides a more precise pitch control than real voice in experimental conditions.To extend the accuracy of control to any situation, a dynamic pitch warping method for intonation correction is developed. It enables to play under the pitch perception limens preserving at the same time the musician's expressivity. Objective and perceptive evaluations validate the method efficiency.The use of new interfaces for musical expression raises the question of the modalities implied in the playing of the instrument. A third study reveals a preponderance of the visual modality over the auditive perception for the intonation control, due to the introduction of visual clues on the tablet surface. Nevertheless, this is compensated by the expressivity allowed by the interface.The writing or drawing ability acquired since early childhood enables a quick acquisition of an expert control of the instrument. An ensemble of gestures dedicated to the control of different vocal effects is suggested.Finally, an intensive practice of the instrument is made through the Chorus Digitalis ensemble, to test and promote our work. An artistic research has been conducted for the choice of the Cantor Digitalis' musical repertoire. Moreover, a visual feedback dedicated to the audience has been developed, extending the perception of the players' pitch and articulation.

As variáveis climáticas como temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e radiação solar exercem grande influência sobre a produção agrícola, sendo capazes de ocasionar perdas durante o processo produtivo, acarretando em um aumento considerável no preço do produto final. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo, desenvolver um sistema automatizado de baixo custo, tendo como base o microcontrolador Basic Step 1, o qual gerenciou um circuito eletrônico capaz de coletar e armazenar dados das respectivas variáveis climáticas, em um dispositivo de memória flash com conexão USB (pen drive). Além disso, o equipamento conta com o Data Basic - Software, o qual foi elaborado de modo a permitir ao usuário a análise dos dados coletados, com fácil visualização, devido à sua interface gráfica, bem como seu manuseio pelo fato de estabelecer uma conexão com planilha eletrônica (EXCEL). Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade do uso do sistema automatizado (Data-Basic) o qual funcionou com regularidade e precisão ao coletar e armazenar o sinal de tensão contínua enviado pelos 3 sensores. Assim, os dados coletados pelos sensores de umidade relativa do ar e temperatura, HIH 4000 e LM35, respectivamente demonstraram-se confiáveis, evidenciando a viabilidade do uso do equipamento, embora o sensor de radiação solar tenha demonstrado fragilidade e necessidade de uma pré-calibração antes de sua instalação. O custo de montagem do equipamento foi cerca de 50% menor em relação aos data loggers portáteis e apresentou fácil manutenção, pois permite a troca de placas como a do Basic Step1 ou do módulo de gravação PenBS, sem contar que os sensores são externos o que facilita também sua substituição caso seja necessário. Desse modo, pôde-se concluir a viabilidade de utilização deste instrumento mediante o seu baixo custo de produção, porém para longos períodos de coleta, recomenda-se a utilização de uma bateria externa a fim de se evitar a perda de dados pela falta de energia da rede elétrica, além disso, durante o processo de instalação, devem ser tomadas precauções no sentido de evitar a oxidação dos sensores e erros de medida, que podem afetar diretamente a qualidade dos dados coletados. / Climate variables such as air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation have a significant impact on agricultural yield. These variables affect the production process, and have a considerable influence on final product prices. The objective of this research, therefore, was to develop a low-cost, automated system, based on the Basic Step 1 microcontroller, to collect and store climate data in a flash memory device with USB connection (pen drive). In addition, the system includes the Data Basic Software, developed to enable the user to visualize the data in a graphical user interface and to manipulate the data in a spreadsheet (EXCEL). The results demonstrated the viability of the automated system (Data-Basic), which worked with regularity and precision in measuring and storing continuous voltage signals from 3 sensors. The measured data from the air humidity and temperature sensors, HIH4000 and LM35, were reliable, showing the viability of the system, while the radiation sensor was fragile and required pre calibration before installation. The cost of mounting the equipment was approximately 50% of that of a portable data logger. The system is easy to maintain, allows for the replacement of elements such as the microcontroller (Basic Step 1) or the storage module (PenBS), and has external sensors which can be replaced if necessary. It is feasibility to use this tool because of its low production cost. However, for extended periods of data collection, it is recommended that an external battery be added to prevent data loss during power outages. During the installation process, precautions should be taken to prevent the oxidation of the sensors, which would result in measurement errors, directly affect the quality of data collected.

À quoi sert la prospective ? Telle est la question de cette recherche sur les usages du futur par les régions et les métropoles en France depuis 1955. À quel moment la prospective est-elle mobilisée, par qui et selon quelles modalités ? En comparant seize démarches menées sur quatre territoires (Nantes, Lyon, Pays de la Loire et Rhône-Alpes), la thèse démontre que la prospective est moins utilisée pour agir sur le long terme que pour gouverner les institutions. En croisant la sociologie des institutions avec l’approche discursive des politiques publiques, ce travail développe le concept d’énoncé d’institution pour analyser la fonction de ces démarches. Relancée à intervalles irréguliers mais toujours éphémère, l’activité prospective correspond à une tentative des acteurs pour énoncer l’institution et construire une coalition discursive autour de cette définition. À travers l’élaboration d’un tel énoncé, les porteurs de ces démarches poursuivent trois objectifs : démontrer l’unité de l’institution, en justifier l’utilité et en revendiquer le pilotage. La thèse distingue quatre générations de démarches prospectives, correspondant chacune à un usage spécifique du futur : exister par anticipation à travers la planification à long terme (1955-1983), susciter un besoin d’institution malgré la résistance des notables locaux (1983-1995), affirmer la vocation stratégique de l’institution par la formulation d’un projet transversal (1995-2004) et atténuer les contradictions de l’action publique territoriale par la construction d’un discours politique consensuel (2004-2015). En s’intéressant au travail discursif des acteurs locaux plutôt que d’étudier les réformes nationales et leurs mises en œuvre, ce travail apporte un nouvel éclairage sur l’institutionnalisation des régions et des métropoles. Il révèle l’importance de ces énoncés pour faire tenir l’institution face au poids des dynamiques centrifuges, territoriales et sectorielles. / What are the functions of visioning (prospective)? Such is the guiding question of this dissertation, which examines efforts to envision the future at the regional and metropolitan level in France since 1955. When has foresight been used, by whom and for what ? Comparing sixteen exercises held in two cities (Nantes and Lyon) and two regions (Pays de la Loire and Rhône-Alpes), this work demonstrates that visioning is used less to shape the long term future than to govern current political institutions. Combining sociology of institutions with the discursive approach of public policy, this dissertation develops the concept of institution statement. Ephemeral although regularly revived, foresight activities are attempts to define the institution and to build discursive coalitions to support this definition. With such a statement, stakeholders in foresight activities act in pursuit of three goals: to demonstrate the unity of the institution, to justify its utility and to claim its leadership. The dissertation distinguishes four generations of foresight practices, each of which deals with a specific use of the future: to exist in advance through long term planning (1955-1983) ; to develop a need for an institution in spite of reluctance by the local political elite (1983-1995) ; to affirm the strategic vocation of the institution through the formulation of a project (1995-2004) ; and to alleviate growing contradictions in local public policies (2005-2015).This work contributes to revitalizing the study of the institutionalization of regional and metropolitan governments. Rather than studying national reforms and their implementation, it analyses the discursive work of local actors in order to define the role of these new state spaces. It reveals the importance of such statements in holding the institution in spite of spatial and sectorial centrifugal forces.

Chuen Fung Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-102). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese Translation) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures and Tables --- p.viii / Romanization and Translation --- p.ix / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Beyond Ethnomusicology and Music History --- p.1 / Music Scholarship and Historiography in Modern China --- p.3 / Modern Research on Guqin: Becoming a Chinese Instrument --- p.8 / On Methodology --- p.11 / Chapter 2. --- The Making of Modern Notation: Reformation Models of Guqin Notation in the Twentieth Century --- p.14 / Introduction --- p.14 / Guqin Notation --- p.16 / Traditional Notation/Pre-Modern: An Imagined Tradition --- p.18 / Modern Changes --- p.20 / Notation Model in Oinxue Rumen --- p.21 / Notation Model in Qinjing --- p.23 / Wang Guangqi's Model --- p.25 / Yang Tinliu's Reformation Proposal --- p.28 / Gong Yi´ةs Guqin Yamoufa --- p.31 / Concluding Remarks: The Making of a Modern Notation --- p.35 / Chapter 3. --- Between Creativity and Reconstruction: Dapu and Its Changing Concept --- p.38 / Introduction --- p.38 / Defining Dapu --- p.40 / "Between Ancient and Modern, Historical and Creative" --- p.41 / The Power of Silk String --- p.46 / Dapu in Modern China and Its Practical Uses --- p.48 / Concluding Remarks: Dapu and Modernity in China --- p.51 / "Epilogue: A Brief Report on the Fourth National Dapu Conference,19-26 August 2001, Changshu" --- p.56 / Chapter 4. --- Becoming a Chinese Music history: Guqin and Music Historiography --- p.60 / Introduction --- p.60 / Music Historiography and the Work-Concept in China --- p.63 / Guqin and Musical Works --- p.66 / Situating Guqin Music into History: The Irony of Meihua Sannong --- p.68 / The Tactics of Historicization: The Case of Lisao --- p.72 / Werktreue and Chinese Music Historiography: A Conceptual Imperialism --- p.76 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion: Guqin and Postcolonial Modernity in China --- p.80 / Introduction --- p.80 / A Postcolonial Reading --- p.82 / The Quest for Modernity --- p.83 / Final Remarks: On Translation and Chinese Music Scholarship --- p.86 / Appendix A Chinese Dynasties and Historical Periods --- p.88 / "Appendix B Map of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan" --- p.89 / Appendix C General Histories of Chinese Music --- p.90 / Reference Cited --- p.94 / Glossary of Chinese Terms --- p.103

La qualité de vie liée à la santé (QdV) s’est imposée comme une préoccupation essentielle dans la prise en charge des patients. Elle est devenue un des objectifs majeurs des essais cliniques.Notre revue bibliographique a montré un réel manque de données sur la QdV de la femme enceinte, puisqu’entre 2005 et 2015, elle n’a identifié que 75 articles portant sur cette problématique. Nous avons donc voulu déterminer l’évolution de la QdV chez les femmes enceintes du premier trimestre au 9ème mois, à l’aide du questionnaire EQ5D-3L version française, en différenciant les grossesses physiologiques des grossesses pathologiques, et en comparant cette évolution inter et intra grossesse. A cette fin, nous avons suivi une cohorte de 500 femmes enceintes entre 2015 et 2017 au CHU de Toulouse qui ont complété mensuellement un cahier d’observation en ligne. Après avoir réalisé une régression par morceaux, entre le 4ème et le 8ème mois, la QdV était significativement plus basse pour les grossesses pathologiques et diminuait significativement pour chaque type de grossesse. Ces résultats nous ont amené à nous demander si la QdV de la femme enceinte pouvait avoir un impact sur le mode d’allaitement à la naissance (maternel ou artificiel). A partir de cette même cohorte, où nous avions également recueilli le mode d’allaitement à la naissance, nous n’avons pas montré de lien entre QdV au cours de la grossesse et mode d’allaitement à la naissance, que ce soit lors de l’analyse mensuelle ou lors de l’analyse catégorielle qui était fonction de la QdV au 3ème mois de grossesse et de son évolution au cours de la grossesse / Health Related Quality of life (HRQoL) has emerged as a major concern in the care of patients and has become a major objective of clinical trials.Our literature review showed us a real lack of data on the QoL of the pregnant woman, since between 2005 and 2015, she identified only 75 articles dealing with this problem.We therefore wanted to determine the evolution of QoL in pregnant women from the first trimester to the 9th month using the EQ5D-3L French version, by differentiating physiological pregnancies from pathological pregnancies and comparing this inter and intra pregnancy progression. . We therefore followed a cohort of 500 pregnant women between 2015 and 2017 at Toulouse University Hospital, who completed a monthly online observation form. After performing piecemeal regression, between the 4th and 8th month, QoL was significantly lower for pathological pregnancies and significantly decreased for each type of pregnancy.These results led us to question whether the QoL of the pregnant woman could have an impact on breastfeeding at birth (maternal or artificial). From this same cohort, where we also collected breastfeeding at birth, we did not show a link between QoL during pregnancy and breastfeeding at birth, whether at birth. monthly analysis or categorical analysis that was based on QoL at the 3rd month of pregnancy and its course during pregnancy

Bakgrund och problem: IASB beslutade 2008 att ersätta IAS 39 med IFRS 9 då IAS 39 ses som alltför omfattande och komplex. Processen har delats upp i tre faser. Fas 1 behandlar klassificering och värdering, fas 2 behandlar nedskrivningar och fas 3 behandlar säkringsredovisning. Denna uppsats behandlar endast fas 2. Både redovisare, revisorer och användare av finansiella rapporter anser standarden för finansiella instrument vara komplex. En orsak till komplexiteten är att finansiella instrument i sig är komplexa och begreppet finansiella instrument innefattar en vid variation av instrument. Det konstaterades även under den globala finansiella krisen att IAS 39 innehöll betydande brister.Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera delar av arbetet IASB har gjort för att ersätta IAS 39 med IFRS 9, vilket ger oss möjlighet att studera fas 2 i detta examensarbete. Syftet är att se vad intressenter förväntar sig i redovisning av finansiella instrument och vad det finns för attityder angående förslaget till IFRS 9 fas 2.Avgränsningar: Eftersom det krävs att EU antar standarden för att den ska börja gälla i Sverige har vi även avgränsat oss till att titta på remissvar från enbart EU-länder.Metod: Studien har utförts med en kvalitativ metod där den empiriska undersökningen bestått av 22 remissvar som finns att tillgå på IASB:s hemsida.Resultat och slutsatser: Den genomförda undersökningen visar att det finns ett flertal olika åsikter angående IASB:s arbete med Exposure Draft. Många organisationer är överens om att man vill ha en mer principbaserad standard men vill samtidigt ha mer exempel att tillgå vilket återigen drar mot en mer regelbaserad standard. Slutsatsen är att Exposure Draft fortfarande ses som komplex dock inte i samma bemärkelse som IAS 39. Hur IASB löser denna problematik blir intressant att följa. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

Cette thèse a pour objet une étude qualitative de l’enseignement d’un instrument de musique en orchestre et en groupe restreint dans deux écoles primaires d’un Réseau d’Education Prioritaire en France et dans un conservatoire. La finalité est de comparer dans ces deux configurations, les moments de travail collectif et les moments de travail individuel entre professeur et élèves pour savoir s’ils s’opposent, se complètent et/ou convergent.Nos outils théoriques, en didactiques comparées, s’appuient sur la Théorie de l’Action Conjointe enDidactique principalement avec les notions de jeux d’apprentissage, la double dialectique contrat/milieu etréticence/expression et la dévolution. Nous convoquons également les concepts sociologiques suivants : concept de configuration, habitus social, habitus didactique. Notre méthodologie s’appuie sur les transcriptions et photogrammes tirés des séances de cours filmées pendant trois ans.Des premiers résultats montrent que les élèves ne jouent en tutti autour de cinquante pourcent du temps du cours en orchestre. Ce qui influence la pratique d’enseignement et le contenu enseigné, de même que le rapport des élèves aux savoirs et le rapport au corps. Ce qui se retrouve aussi bien dans le jeu instrumental des élèves que dans la signification qu’ils donnent aux gestes et aux mimes du professeur. Les compétences décrites lors des analyses didactiques montrent que les enseignements en collectif, en groupe restreint et en individuel sont complémentaires (pour le jeu d’ensemble : la compréhension gestuelles des chefs d’orchestre,L’écoute collective, la synchronisation et pour les cours d’instrument : le jeu technique et musical) convergent (écoute de la justesse, le travail sur les sensations) et sont indissociables. Grâce à une étude détaillée de l’activité musicale, la thèse a montré comment les élèves tirent profit d’un enseignement individuel et collectif dans les relations qu’ils construisent entre les deux. / This thesis aims at a qualitative study of the teaching of an orchestral musical instrument and of a small group at two primary schools and one conservatory. The aim is to compare these configurations with that of individual teaching in order to know if they are opposed, complementary, and convergency.Our theoretical is on the Joint Action Theory in Didactics. We take support on the notions of learning games, the double dialectic contract/milieu and reluctance/expression, devolution. We also convene the following sociological concepts: concept of configuration, social habitus, didactic habitus. Our Methodology is based on the transcripts and photograms taken from the lecture sessions filmed during the three years of observation.Initial results show that students do not play in tuttis fifty percent of the time in the orchestra class. This teaching configuration of course influences the teaching practice and the content taught, as well as influencing the students’ relationship to knowledge through the choice of modes of privileged knowledge transmission. The relationship to the body, both in the students’ instrumental play and in the meaning they give to the teacher's gestures and mimics, is complex. The skills acquired by the pupils and described in the didactic analyses show that collective, restricted and individual teachings are complementary on certain points (collective playing, gestural understanding of conductors, collective listening, synchronization and/for instrumental courses, technical and musical play). They are convergent on other points (e.g. listening to the corrections, working on the sensations). They are complementary and inseparable.

As variáveis climáticas como temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e radiação solar exercem grande influência sobre a produção agrícola, sendo capazes de ocasionar perdas durante o processo produtivo, acarretando em um aumento considerável no preço do produto final. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo, desenvolver um sistema automatizado de baixo custo, tendo como base o microcontrolador Basic Step 1, o qual gerenciou um circuito eletrônico capaz de coletar e armazenar dados das respectivas variáveis climáticas, em um dispositivo de memória flash com conexão USB (pen drive). Além disso, o equipamento conta com o Data Basic - Software, o qual foi elaborado de modo a permitir ao usuário a análise dos dados coletados, com fácil visualização, devido à sua interface gráfica, bem como seu manuseio pelo fato de estabelecer uma conexão com planilha eletrônica (EXCEL). Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade do uso do sistema automatizado (Data-Basic) o qual funcionou com regularidade e precisão ao coletar e armazenar o sinal de tensão contínua enviado pelos 3 sensores. Assim, os dados coletados pelos sensores de umidade relativa do ar e temperatura, HIH 4000 e LM35, respectivamente demonstraram-se confiáveis, evidenciando a viabilidade do uso do equipamento, embora o sensor de radiação solar tenha demonstrado fragilidade e necessidade de uma pré-calibração antes de sua instalação. O custo de montagem do equipamento foi cerca de 50% menor em relação aos data loggers portáteis e apresentou fácil manutenção, pois permite a troca de placas como a do Basic Step1 ou do módulo de gravação PenBS, sem contar que os sensores são externos o que facilita também sua substituição caso seja necessário. Desse modo, pôde-se concluir a viabilidade de utilização deste instrumento mediante o seu baixo custo de produção, porém para longos períodos de coleta, recomenda-se a utilização de uma bateria externa a fim de se evitar a perda de dados pela falta de energia da rede elétrica, além disso, durante o processo de instalação, devem ser tomadas precauções no sentido de evitar a oxidação dos sensores e erros de medida, que podem afetar diretamente a qualidade dos dados coletados. / Climate variables such as air temperature, air humidity and solar radiation have a significant impact on agricultural yield. These variables affect the production process, and have a considerable influence on final product prices. The objective of this research, therefore, was to develop a low-cost, automated system, based on the Basic Step 1 microcontroller, to collect and store climate data in a flash memory device with USB connection (pen drive). In addition, the system includes the Data Basic Software, developed to enable the user to visualize the data in a graphical user interface and to manipulate the data in a spreadsheet (EXCEL). The results demonstrated the viability of the automated system (Data-Basic), which worked with regularity and precision in measuring and storing continuous voltage signals from 3 sensors. The measured data from the air humidity and temperature sensors, HIH4000 and LM35, were reliable, showing the viability of the system, while the radiation sensor was fragile and required pre calibration before installation. The cost of mounting the equipment was approximately 50% of that of a portable data logger. The system is easy to maintain, allows for the replacement of elements such as the microcontroller (Basic Step 1) or the storage module (PenBS), and has external sensors which can be replaced if necessary. It is feasibility to use this tool because of its low production cost. However, for extended periods of data collection, it is recommended that an external battery be added to prevent data loss during power outages. During the installation process, precautions should be taken to prevent the oxidation of the sensors, which would result in measurement errors, directly affect the quality of data collected.

Un déséquilibre dans les mécanismes de défense de la cornée peut entraîner une invasion par des micro-organismes (MO) et générer une kératite infectieuse (KI), ou encore un syndrome sec. Les KI sont la première cause de cécité monoculaire. Le syndrome sec, également fréquent, est sujet à de nombreuses études cliniques pour l’évaluation de nouveaux traitements. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre au point des méthodes d’imagerie pour le diagnostic et le suivi des pathologies de la surface oculaire au travers de deux projets innovants : 1/ le projet FLUOCOR consistant à développer une solution complète de diagnostic rapide in vivo des MO les plus souvent responsables des KI afin de débuter immédiatement le traitement adapté et améliorer le pronostic visuel final. Cette solution comprendra des BioMarqueurs fluorescents (BMfs) spécifiques des agents infectieux, fluorescents dans le rouge ou le proche infrarouge non éblouissant et un nouvel instrument optique de détection. Des BMfs basés sur le couplage de BODIPY innovant avec des molécules ciblant les MO ont été obtenus. Des tests in vitro ont montré une bonne spécificité mais les tests ex vivo sur cornées humaines ont montré une fixation non spécifique sur les cellules épithéliales. Pour pallier ce manque de spécificité, le couplage de ces BODIPY sur des anticorps dirigés contre les MO est en cours. 2/ le projet FLUOSCOPE qui a permis de développer une nouvelle stratégie d’imagerie de la surface oculaire pour le suivi du syndrome sec, de la méthode d’instillation des colorants jusqu’au traitement d’images, en passant par la conception d’un instrument optique désormais industrialisé par les laboratoires Théa. / An imbalance in the defence system of cornea can result in several diseases, like infectious keratitis (IK) in case of invasion by microorganisms (MO) or dry eye in case of insufficient tear quality and/or quality. IK are the first cause of unilateral blindness worldwide. Sicca syndrome, also frequent, is the subject of numerous clinical trials assessing new treatments. The aim of the PhD Thesis work is to develop new imaging methods for the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases of the ocular surface. Two innovative project were conducted: 1/ the FLUOCOR project consists in developing a complete solution of rapid in vivo etiologic diagnosis of IK, for the most frequent and/or severe infections to allow rapid starting of the most adapted treatment in order to improve the final visual prognosis. This solution will comprise fluorescent biomarkers (excitable by sustainable non blinding red or near infrared lights) specific to the target MO, and a new optical imaging device for their detection. Biomarkers based on new BODIPY coupled with molecules targeting the MO were obtained with a good in vitro specificity. Nevertheless, on ex vivo human corneas they stained superficial epithelial cells. In order to overcome this difficulty, the coupling of BODIPY on specific antibodies targeting the MO is ongoing; 2/ the FLUOSCOPE project that allowed development of a new strategy of ocular surface imaging for the diagnosis and follow up of sicca syndrome. The complete chain was revisited from the instillation of the dye to the objective quantification of staining by image analysis, through the development of a prototype of imaging device, now industrialized by les Laboratoires Thea.