O sofrimento moral é descrito na literatura como o sentimento resultante do impedimento à uma ação considerada moralmente apropriada, devido, sobretudo, a obstáculos institucionais, como a falta de recursos e a carga de trabalho. As consequências envolvem sintomas físicos, como mal estar, choro e desordens do sono e sintomas psicológicos, como frustração, impotência e culpa, além de implicações organizacionais, principalmente relacionadas com afastamentos e abandono do emprego. Considerando que o contexto de trabalho pode influenciar na vivência de situações moralmente problemáticas, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar o fenômeno do sofrimento moral em enfermeiros no Brasil e em Portugal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica para desenvolvimento, busca de evidências de validade e refinamento de um instrumento de pesquisa. A investigação partiu da análise de 38 estudos da literatura para construção de uma escala para identificação de fatores de risco para sofrimento moral. A busca por evidências de validade incluiu uma análise de juízes, para validação de conteúdo, e uma análise fatorial exploratória, para validação de constructo, com uma amostra de 268 enfermeiros brasileiros e 278 enfermeiros portugueses. O resultado foi uma escala com evidência de validade para ambos os países, com Alpha de Cronbach de 0,913 e 0,790, teste de Kaiser-Meyer Olkin de 0,869 e 0,914 e índice de Bartlett significativo (p <0,001) para Brasil e Portugal, respectivamente. Cerca de 59,8% da variância é explicada por 30 itens, divididos em sete fatores, na versão brasileira, e cerca de 53,9% da variância é explicada por 20 itens, divididos em 4 fatores, na versão portuguesa. A vivência de fatores de risco para sofrimento moral foi considerada moderada no Brasil e baixa em Portugal. As variáveis que mostraram associação significativa com maiores médias totais de risco nos dois países foram o tipo de serviço, as horas de trabalho, estar em sofrimento moral e ter a intenção de deixar o emprego atual. Pesquisas no âmbito do sofrimento moral podem, entre outros aspectos, auxiliar na identificação dos desafios e das dificuldades que mais preocupam os enfermeiros em seu contexto de trabalho. No intuito de contribuir no desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento e melhorar a retenção e a satisfação profissional, pesquisas acerca do sofrimento moral podem refletir positivamente na qualidade dos cuidados. / Moral distress is described as the feeling resulting from the impediment to an action considered morally appropriate, mainly due to institutional obstacles such as the lack of resources and the high workload. Main consequences are physical symptoms, such as malaise, crying and sleep disorders and psychological symptoms, such as frustration, impotence and guilt, as well as organizational implications, mainly related to withdrawal and abandonment of employment. Considering that the work context may influence the experience of morally problematic situations, the objective of these study was to analyze the phenomenon of moral distress among nurses in Brazil and in Portugal. It is a methodological research for development, searching for evidence of validity and refinement of a research instrument. The research started with the analysis of 38 studies for the construction of a scale to identify risk factors for moral distress. The search for evidence of validity included an analysis of judges, for content validation, and an exploratory factorial analysis, for construct validation, with a sample of 268 Brazilian nurses and 278 Portuguese nurses. The result was a scale with evidence of validity, Cronbachs Alpha of 0,913 and 0,790, Kaiser-Meyer Olkin test of 0,869 and 0,914 and a significant Bartlett (p <0,001). About 59,8% of the variance was explained by 30 items, divided into seven factors in the Brazilian version, and about 53,9% of the variance was explained by 20 items, divided into four factors in the Portuguese version. The experience of risk factors for moral distress was considered moderate in Brazil and low in Portugal. The variables that showed a significant association with the highest risk for moral distress in both countries were the type of work context, the hours of work, being in moral distress and having the intention to leave the current job. Research in the field of moral distress can, among other things, help in identifying the challenges and difficulties that most concern nurses in their work context. In order to contribute to the development of coping strategies and to improve professional retention and satisfaction, researches about moral distress may positively reflect on the quality of care.

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Background: This thesis is was designed to evaluate aspects of reliability and validity of the School Version of the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (School AMPS) (Fisher, Bryze, Hume, &amp; Griswold, 2007), an observation-based evaluation of quality of occupational performance when children perform schoolwork tasks in school settings. The long term goal was to contribute to knowledge about children at risk or with mild disabilities who experience difficulties with occupational performance in school settings, and describe how the School AMPS can be used when a true top−down process of planning and implementing school-based occupational therapy services is implemented in a Swedish context. Methods: In Study I, two different split-half methods and were used to estimate reliability of the School AMPS measures. These were cross-validated using Rasch equivalent of Cronbach’s alpha. The standard error of measurement (m) was also calculated. In Studies II and III, many-facet Rasch analyses and/or relevant inferential statistics (e.g., ANOVA, tests) were used to examine for evidence of validity based on (1) internal structure related to differential item functioning (DIF), (2) relations to other variables (sensitivity) in terms of comparing groups (typically-developing children vs. children with mild disabilities), and (3) consequences of testing (benefits of testing) in terms of test fairness. In Study IV, ANOVA and tests were used to examine relations to other variables in terms of sensitivity of the School AMPS measures for detecting change based on repeated School AMPS evaluations pre- and post-interventions. Results: The three methods for estimating reliability of the School AMPS measures yielded high reliability coefficient estimates (≥0.73) and low ms. Minimal DIF was identified, and despite minimal DIF, the School AMPS measures were found to be free of differential test functioning. The School AMPS measures were sensitive enough to detect differences between groups as well as changes following consultative occupational therapy services provided in natural school settings. Conclusions: The results support the reliability and validity of the School AMPS scales and measures when used to evaluate quality of occupational performance in school settings. The results are also of clinical importance as they provide evidence that occupational therapists can have confidence in the School AMPS measures when they are used in the process of making decisions about individual students, planning interventions, and later perform follow-up evaluations to measure the outcomes. We also have objective evidence that children with mild disabilities demonstrate diminished quality of "doing" when performing schoolwork tasks. The potential long term benefits of such evidence may be to support or justify the need for children with mild disabilities to receive occupational therapy services within school settings in Sweden; and through collaboration with teachers, plan and implement better targeted and more effective interventions.

Many universities and colleges have placed increased emphasis on teaching excellence in higher education. Efforts to promote teaching excellence vary from the development of alternative new pedagogies as well as research exploring strategies to improve existing teaching practices. Logically, different disciplines employ different instructional strategies to prepare their graduates with specific skills, knowledge, and attitudes. This study examined the instructional strategies used most frequently in the information systems discipline and was inspired by Shulman's (2005) concept of signature pedagogies - the unique but pervasive ways of teaching within a discipline or profession. This dissertation reports a national survey of instructional strategies used across the information systems discipline. The study employed a web-based survey of all information systems faculty members in the United States listed in the Association of Information Systems membership directory (695 valid responses were obtained from 2,835 eligible participants, 24.4% response rate). The research used an original questionnaire identifying 52 different instructional strategies to create a profile of commonly employed teaching practices and to identify whether there are identifiable signature pedagogies in the discipline of Information Systems (IS). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, factor analysis of the survey items, and multiple regression of eight independent variables to predict frequency of instructional strategy used. This quantitative study is the first systematic investigation profiling the instructional strategies and signature pedagogies used in the IS discipline. The results show domination of lecture-based strategies across the information systems discipline. Over 66% of the participants identified lecture as their most frequently used teaching method. Based on the frequency of responses to "Frequently" and "Almost Always/Always", lecture was identified as the most frequently used strategy. The next most commonly employed strategies were interactive lectures (63%), cooperative learning/team-based learning (53%), problem-based learning (53%), whole group discussions (50%), and demonstrations (49%). Participants were also asked to select their "three most frequently used" strategies to identify potential signature pedagogies. Their responses again identified lectures and interactive lectures as the dominant strategies. Viewing these as generic strategies, the following additional frequently used strategies might point to potential signature pedagogies in the discipline: lab activities, case study, analysis and design project, and whole group discussion. This initial investigation focused exclusively on what Shulman (2005) has identified as the surface structure of the pedagogies. Further studies are recommended to also examine the deep and implicit structures to more definitively identify signature pedagogies in the IS discipline. The exploratory factor analysis revealed patterns of instructional strategies usage in the IS discipline. Six factors were identified: in-class active learning strategies, highly-structured active learning strategies, online learning strategies, project-based strategies, writing-based strategies, and portfolio strategies. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) of the six factors ranged from .67 to .87 on each of the factors formed. Composite means of the factors showed that highly-structured active learning strategies and project-based strategies were the two most frequently used groups of instructional strategies groups across the IS discipline. This study further found that six of eight demographic and course characteristics (i.e., gender, rank, age, course level, delivery format, and class size) were associated significantly with instructional strategies usage depending on both the group of instructional strategies and the type of instructional strategies. Years of prior teaching experience and availability of student assistants were the two non-significant demographic and course characteristics. This study profiles the teaching practices currently employed in the IS discipline in the United States. Recommendations for future research are described along with suggestions for improving teaching and faculty development initiatives in the IS discipline. Additionally, possibilities for future research both within the IS discipline and across other disciplines are presented.

隨著網路科技、行動手持裝置的發展，多元的行動服務開始被廣泛開發及應用，為了能提供更好的行動服務，行動服務提供者必須了解使用者對行動服務的認知與想法。此研究希望透過不同行動服務類型的特性，定義行動服務品質(Mobile service quality; M-S-QUAL)之適用範圍，並根據Hinkin所建議之量表建構方法，發展出一份有效衡量行動服務品質之量表(M-S-QUAL)，以歸納法自既有的服務品質文獻發展初步的問項。由於行動服務提供有形商品與無形商品的交易與交換，因此，M-S-QUAL也同時包含有形與無形商品行動服務品質量表，初步的M-S-QUAL包含九構面：系統效率(efficiency)、履行性(Fulfillment)、系統可用性(System availability)、隱私性(Privacy)、反應性(Responsiveness)、補償性(Compensation)、聯絡性 (Contact)、內容(Content)、帳務議題(Billing)，而有形/ 無形商品行動服務品質量表分別以50/49題問項衡量。此份量表透過問卷調查法進行資料的蒐集，並透過探索性因素分析(Exploratory factor analysis; EFA)及驗證性因素分析(Confirmatory factor analysis; CFA)萃取出四構面、15題問項之有形商品行動服務品質量表與五構面、16題問項之無形商品行動服務品質量表，此研究亦針對M-S-QUAL量表進行信、效度檢驗並利用不同校標(感知價值與忠誠意圖)進行迴歸分析以建立校標關聯效度。研究結果顯示本研究所發展的行動服務品質量表具有良好的心理計量特質(psychometric properties)。 / With the proliferation of wireless technologies, consumers are increasingly coming into contact with a diverse range of mobile services. Mobile service providers seeking to deliver a superior service must understand how consumers perceive mobile services. Many instruments such as SERVQUAL and E-S-QUAL have been used to measure service quality; however, no general mobile service quality evaluation measure currently exists. Given the many different types of mobile services available, our aim in this study was to ascertain the essential characteristics of mobile services by conceptualizing, constructing, refining and testing a multiple-item scale (M-S-QUAL) for measuring service quality in the mobile environment. According to Hinkin’s guide on the development of scales, items in the scale were generated by following a deductive approach based on a theoretical foundation. The mobile services examined in this study were divided into those for tangible and intangible product transactions. The results show that in intangible and tangible product shopping, M-S-QUAL includes five dimensions (contact, recovery, fulfillment, privacy, and efficiency) and four dimensions (contact, recovery, fulfillment, and efficiency), respectively. These two aspects of M-S-QUAL demonstrate good psychometric properties based on findings from a variety of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability and validity tests. The findings of this study may help mobile service providers assess the quality of their services and assist researchers in developing mobile service quality theories.

Media are considered to be the public's primary source of information regarding mental illness. Evidence suggests that media representations of people with psychiatric disorders are frequently negative and contribute to their stigmatization. On the other hand, media can play an important role in reducing this stigmatisation by providing adequate information about this topic and engaging in antistigma campaigns. Up to now there was no standardised measurement of the stigma of mental illness in print media using clearly operationalized definitions. The objectives of this project were twofold; to develop a standardised and objective instrument to measure stigma of mental illness in print media; and to conduct an analysis of the current coverage on mental health/illness issues in Czech, Croatian, and Slovak print media. The development of the Picture of Mental Illness in Newspapers (PICMIN) instrument was based on the principles of content analysis, a research technique for making replicable and valid inferences from text to the kontext in their use. The instrument consists of eleven descriptive and five analytical categories. The most interesting findings based on the analysis of media representations of mental illness were; a similarly high level of stigmatizing articles across countries, clearly...

Cette thèse porte sur le développement d'un appareil couplant la spectrométrie de masse avec la spectrométrie de mobilité ionique et la spectroscopie laser, dans le but d'effectuer des analyses conformationnelles sur des édifices biomoléculaires. La construction, la mise au point et l'optimisation de l'appareil font l'objet de la première partie de ce mémoire. En particulier, il s'est agi de déterminer les caractéristiques de l'appareil (résolution, fréquence de fonctionnement…) par une série de tests sur des systèmes modèles. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons effectué des mesures de spectroscopie d'action sur des conformères sélectionnés en mobilité. Nous avons étudié la relation entre la conformation et les propriétés optiques d'un système en mesurant le photo-détachement d'électron de divers conformères sélectionnés. Dans le cadre de la spectroscopie d'action, nous avons utilisé les possibilités nouvelles offertes par l'appareil pour réaliser des expériences de photo-isomérisation cis-trans sur des complexes non-covalents. Sur cet exemple, nous avons montré l'intérêt de cet appareil pour mesurer des spectres d'action de photo-isomérisation. Et enfin, nous avons montré la possibilité de réaliser des mesures de spectroscopie d'action basée sur le Transfert d'Energie par Résonance de Förster (FRET), en phase gazeuse, résolu en conformation / This thesis deals with the development of a new instrument coupling mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry and laser spectroscopy. The aim is to perform structural analysis on biomolecular systems.The first part of this thesis focuses on the construction, the development and the optimization of the set-up. The main point was to determine the features of the set-up (resolution, working frequency) by series of tests with model systems.In a second phase, we did conformer resolved action spectroscopy. We studied the relation between the conformation and the optical properties of one system by measuring photo- electron detachment on different selected conformers. In the framework of action spectroscopy we used the new capacity of the set-up to perform cis-trans photo-isomerization on non-covalent complexes. We showed with this example interest of the use of this instrument to measure photo-isomerization action spectra. We finally showed the possibility to perform conformer resolved action spectroscopy measurements based on Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in the gas phase

AWP-FK är en specifik tillämpning av bedömningsinstrumentet Assessment of Work Performance (AWP) och består av aktiviteterna: montering av hyllor, sortering av post samt administrativ aktivitet. Utveckling av instrumentet med fler aktiviteter har efterfrågats i tidigare studier. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur arbetsterapeuter beskriver att nuvarande aktiviteter i AWP-FK fungerar och kan utvecklas. Metoden e-Delphi användes och två webbaserade rundor utfördes. Studien bestod av elva arbetsterapeuter som använder AWP-FK i försäkringsmedicinska utredningar. Det kvalitativa materialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys och det kvantitativa materialet sammanställdes i en tabell. Resultatet visar att nuvarande aktiviteter i AWP-FK till viss del utformas olika i verksamheter. Experterna ger förslag på nya aktiviteter och utformning av aktiviteter. Mer likvärdiga bedömningar önskas i AWP-FK. Kommunikations- och interaktionsfärdigheter är svårbedömda i nuvarande aktiviteter och möjligheten till bedömning av motoriska färdigheter varierar mellan aktiviteterna. En mer omfattande studie bestående av fler arbetsterapeuter kan genomföras för att vidare undersöka om och hur experternas förslag på nya aktiviteter och utformning av aktiviteter kan användas för att utveckla AWP-FK. / AWP-FK is a specific application of the instrument Assessment of Work Performance (AWP) and consists of the following activities: assembly of shelves, sorting of mail, and administrative activity. A development of the instrument including more activities has been requested in previous studies. The aim of this study is to investigate how occupational therapists describe how the activities in AWP-FK work and can be developed. An e-Delphi method was used and two web-based rounds were conducted. The study subjects consisted of eleven occupational therapists that were using AWP-FK in insurance medical investigations. Qualitative material was analysed using qualitative content analysis and quantitative material was compiled in a table. The results show that the current activities in AWP-FK are to some extent arranged differently at different workplaces. Experts provide suggestions for new activities and how to construct activities. More equivalent assessments are desired in AWPFK. Communication and interaction skills are difficult to assess in current activities, and the ability to assess motor skills varies between activities. A more comprehensive study involving more occupational therapists could be conducted to further investigate whether and how the experts’ suggestions for new activities and the construction of activities could be used to develop AWP-FK.