La mondialisation et la quête vers la diversité au sein des multinationales confrontent celles-ci à un défi d’envergure : fournir un cadre propice au développement de talents venant du monde entier. L’internationalisation a un grand impact sur l’économie, en particulier, sur le secteur automobile. Celui-ci est encore très présent sur le marché domestique européen, mais dépendant du marché étranger – en termes de coûts de production, de clientèle et de fournisseurs. Cela en fait un terrain d’enquête particulièrement passionnant concernant le travail d’équipes multiculturelles. Le métier et la formation d’ingénieur, très importants dans le secteur technique, sont également analysés sous un angle culturel. Pour illustrer nos propos, nous utiliserons l’exemple du groupe BMW. Nous nous intéressons en particulier à cinq dimensions de la coopération d’équipes multiculturelles. La première est la motivation, la seconde l’intégration des membres de l’équipe. Ensuite, nous regardons quelles compétences sont nécessaires à un chef de groupe afin de diriger ce genre d’équipe. Finalement, la communication et surtout l’usage de la langue sont analysés. La langue joue un rôle particulier pour cette cotutelle. D’une part, le travail théorique tente de rendre compte au mieux des écoles de pensée françaises, allemandes et anglophones. D’autre part, le travail pratique est également effectué en français, allemand et anglais en vue des langues utilisées dans le travail quotidien de l’équipe. L’étude empirique effectuée à cet effet, vise à partager l’expérience d’équipes multiculturelles au sein du groupe. Cela permet d’établir un état des lieux de leurs conditions de travail et à en déduire des conseils pour d’autres équipes au sein de l’organisation pour le futur de l’entreprise ou l’intérêt d’autres acteurs travaillant dans un contexte culturel similaire. / The globalisation and the quest for diversity within multinational firms confront them to a big challenge : to provide a frame in order to develop talents from all over the world. The internationalisation has a big impact, especially, on the automotive sector. It is still very present on the domestic market, but also dependent on the foreign market – regarding costs of production, customers and suppliers. This makes it a fascinating field of study regarding work within multicultural teams. The profession and education as engineer, very important in technical domains, are also analysed from a cultural point of view. To illustrate our purpose we will use the example of the BMW Group. We are particularly interested in five dimensions of the work within multicultural teams. The first one is the motivation, the second one the integration of the team members. Then, we look at which competencies a team leader needs in order to manage this team. Finally, the communication and especially the use of the language are analysed. Thelanguage plays a particuliar role for this cotutelle. On the one hand, the theoretical work tries to describe the related French, German and English work. On the other hand, the applied work is also done in French, German and English regarding the languages used by the team in its daily work. The empirical study aims to share the experience of multicultural teams within thegroup. This helps to identify the status quo of their working conditions and to deduce advice for other teams within the organisation in the future.

Today, there is a general notion that water resources are best managed according to their river basins. River basin management may be approached from a wide variety of angles. This thesis focuses on information management, institutional arrangements and strategic policy support, with special reference to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The overall objective is to examine strategies, possibilities and hindrances for river basin management, with the ultimate goal of identifying key aspects to be considered - and prioritised - for “successful” European water management and WFD implementation. An assessment of the information management of three transboundary water regimes in Europe showed that a technical/scientific paradigm ap-pears to dominate in river basin accords. This is visible, for example, in the data collection, which is dominated by state and environmental impact information, and the use of passive channels for communicating with stakeholders and other interest groups. The studies addressing institutional arrangements for river basin management according to the WFD showed that the implementa-tion level of the directive is relatively low – both at national and international levels. For instance, competent authorities have not been established (strictly) according to the borders of the estab-lished River Basin District (RBDs). Further, in international RBDs, the ambitions and plans for cooperation vary considerably. Despite the general low implementation level, steps have still been taken in the “direction” of river basin management. At the national level, all examined countries have established RBDs according to river basins, and at the international level, joint river basin management plans will probably be coordinated for a majority of river basins shared by EU Member States. However, the same pattern could not be discerned for river basins extending outside the borders of the EU. In order to support strategic policy making on issues related to the implementation of the WFD, two assessments were made, one addressing international co-operation and water quality in the Baltic Sea Region, and one encompassing rankings of all the newly established RBDs based on a number of identical indicators. Although there is a need to refine these assessments, they may be regarded as simple – but yet robust – models for bench-marking. / QC 20100914

Background International cooperation became a wide-spread way of exchanging experience and ideas between organizations of the non-profit sector all over the world. The exchange of new ideas and experience on the international level can very often contain cases of policy transfer, which beyond all doubts can influence the participants of international cooperation. Aim The aim of the presented Master's thesis consists of the investigation and analysis of international project on violence prevention between Swedish and Ukrainian NGOs, assessing and verifying the representation in the project the particular case of policy transfer. Method In order to collect the empirical data, mixed qualitative methods were used in this thesis, which included the concept of triangulation used for the data collection. Result The conduction of the presented qualitative research gave an opportunity to uncover and examine the different roles played by Ukrainian and Swedish NGOs in the welfare systems of their respective countries. It also became possible to observe an occurrence of a particular form of cooperation between the two NGOs in the international cooperation project, which can be related to a particular type of policy transfer. Conclusions Due to the fact that the project analysed in this study is still ongoing, it is still too early to derive any final conclusion about its achievements and formulate an evaluation concerning the nature of the policy transfer process. So far the author of the presented thesis can see that the project on its current stage has an occurrence of lesson-drawing policy transfer.

Questo studio tratta dei rapporti della cooperazione internazionale per lo sviluppo che favorisce lo scambio tra culture. Si tratta di una ricerca socio-antropologica sull’orientamento cognitivo di entrambi gli attori della cooperazione: chi fornisce e chi riceve l’aiuto. Lo studio è realizzato su due fronti: in Mozambico, in un progetto di cooperazione, e in Italia con membri delle ONG. La tesi sostiene che la cooperazione non solo propone progetti atti a modificare una situazione nei PVS, ma unisce culture favorendo lo scambio di contenuti, opinioni divergenti, abitudini, ecc., trasformandoli in un continuo processo di ‘miscegenation’. La maggior parte delle ONG implementa progetti sul principio della sussidiarietà affrontando difficoltà per stimolare l’‘azione’ per apportare cambiamenti dal basso. La cooperazione è anche fautrice della fusione di culture che genera nuove correnti di pensiero, creando opinioni critiche nei confronti delle idee prevalenti, e provvede voce a movimenti sociali dal basso. In una macro-prospettiva, la globalizzazione continua ad avere un ruolo preponderante nei PVS: il Mozambico non è ancora decolonizzato. Il termine ‘sviluppo’ mantiene tuttora un pregiudizio evolutivo Eurocentrico, e non dovrebbe essere più associato alla crescita economica, e per ottenere un mondo equo non basta ‘empower’ i poveri, è necessario ‘disempower’ i ricchi. / This study addresses the relationships on international cooperation for development that put cultures into motion. This is a socio-anthropological research that outlines the cognitive orientation of both sides in the international cooperation: who provides and who receives Aid. The locus of the investigation is an international cooperation project in Mozambique, along with interviews with Italian NGOs practitioners. The thesis argues that international cooperation not only provides projects apt to change situation in developing countries, but unites cultures that mutually exchange meanings, disagreements, habits, etc., in a continuous process of cultural ‘miscegenation’. Although most NGOs propose bottom-up approach to development, usually projects start from the top, and they face difficulties to stimulate the agency to change from below. International cooperation also generates new lines of though, and usually gives voice to counter-current social movements. In a macro perspective, globalization continues to play a dominant role in the poorest countries, and Mozambique has not been fully decolonized yet. The meaning of the term Development still maintains an Eurocentric and evolutionary bias. However, development should not be anymore associated to economic growth and if we really want to achieve an equal world, there is also the need to ‘disempower’ the rich.

This thesis discusses the background, contents and airpolitical consequences of the so-called 'Horizontal Agreements ("HA"),' concluded by the European Union ("EU") with third countries to give effect to the European Court of Justice's ("Court"/"ECJ") decision of November 2002 in the 'Open Skies' cases brought by the European Commission ("EC"/"Commission") against certain EU Member States. / The Court's decision outlaws the nationality or 'ownership and control' clause in the bilateral ('Open Skies') agreements concluded with the United States by those Member States. As this clause is a standard provision in all bilateral air services agreements, the Court's decision actually obliges the Member States to amend those agreements and replace the said clauses by provisions which do not discriminate on the basis of nationality. / The Member States have in the meantime mandated the Commission to engage in such negotiations on their behalf on the basis of a jointly developed Model Horizontal Agreement ("MHA"), containing a non-discriminatory so-called Community clause and some other provisions on matters within the exclusive competence of the Community. / This research thus examines the legal and airpolitical implications of these Horizontal Agreements, which the Commission has concluded in the meantime and continues to propose to third countries. In this connection, attention is given to the scenario of the anticipated Horizontal Agreement negotiations between the EU and the Republic of Korea.

Abstract not available. / Thesis (LL.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

The ICC, which came into force in 2002, was held up by human rights activists as a force that would transform a culture of impunity into a culture of accountability. However, after five years of activity, the evidence suggests that the Court's effect has been mixed. Its ability to achieve retributive justice, broader reconciliation and restorative justice, as well as to deter future offences and promote peace has been variable, at best. Despite the Court's claim that politics are not its job, political missteps and support are adversely affecting the work of a judicious Court. Using the cases of Uganda and Darfur, this paper argues that the most significant factors impacting the Court's ability to achieve the four aims outlined are its lack of enforcement capacity, lack of international political will, the result of geo-political interests and concerns over the norm of state sovereignty, and lack of attention to political context by the Court itself.

För pedagoger är det viktigt att se det som skapar framgång och ger positiv perspektiv. Min undersökning kan hjälpa till att fördjupa förståelsen för vilka faktorer som främjar utbildning för hållbar utveckling. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på faktorer som är viktiga för att främja och förbättra utbildning för hållbar utveckling. Enligt styrdokumenten är hållbar utveckling en nödvändig komponent i utbildning. Materialet erhölls genom kvalitativa djupintervjuer med 6 lärare, inkluderar förskollärare, grundskollärare, gymnasielärare, representanter från Håll Sverige Rent, Naturskolan som har av erfarenhet i praktiskt arbete med hållbar utveckling inom framgångsrikt Grön Flaggs certifieringsprogram. Det analyserades och sammanställdes sedan i löpande text. Genom SWOT- analys identifieras och kategoriseras starka sidor, svaga sidor, möjligheter och hot bland faktorer som främjar utbildning för hållbar utveckling. Starka sidor och möjligheter betraktas som framgångsfaktorer.  Resultaten visar vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att främja och förbättra utbildning för hållbar utveckling utifrån lärarens perspektiv. Den studien belyser framgångsfaktorer för utbildning för hållbar utveckling i praktiskt arbete. Min förhoppning är att min undersökning ska öka förutsättningarna för att utveckla en internationell dialog och samarbete inom kompetensutveckling inom utbildning för hållbar utveckling.

The number of United Nations interventions in civil conflicts has increased since the end of the Cold War. Traditional peace-keeping has proved ill-suited to deal with them; second-generation, multi-task peace-keeping operations have emerged as a substitute. These new operations have strained UN resources and the willingness of nations to provide troops is not as forthcoming as it used to be. Therefore, the UN has shared in recent years the burden of conflict resolution with regional organisations and ad hoc coalitions. This thesis studies multinational interventions in three conflicts (Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia) and asks what lessons can be drawn with regard to co-operation between the different actors involved on the ground. Moreover, it discusses the problems involved in the transfer of an operation between the UN and non-UN actors.

The aim of this research is to highlight both the conceptual and practical factors that constrain attempts to link humanitarian assistance and development aid in political emergencies in Southern Africa by using the case study of Mozambique in the period between 1975-1995. Extensive use and reference to Norwegian relief and development aid during the above-mentioned period is made. Although cross-reference is made to other donor countries such as the Like-minded Group (comprising of Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland) and UN agencies that supported Mozambique's transition from war to peace, the major focus is on Norway as she has traditionally been the sixth largest bilateral donor by the early 1990's and incorporated long-term development priorities in her programs.