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No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_mc_me_bot.pdf: 10457679 bytes, checksum: a5a48ce58f99b4fe8a29392db8f2e4f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o processo de beneficiamento primário de Passiflora incarnata realizado no município de Botucatu com a inclusão de um sistema de monitoramento da temperatura e umidade de baixo custo, por meio de um software open-source em um secador artesanal á lenha e a avaliação do processamento póscolheita da biomassa de P. incarnata, quantificando teor de vitexina por CLUE-EM. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no sítio Dois Irmãos, entre as coordenadas geográficas, latitude 22º56’49,27” Sul e longitude 48º34’42,80” Oeste, aos 765 m de altitude no distrito de Rubião Júnior, bairro rural Chaparral. Acompanhou-se a colheita e o beneficiamento de P. incarnata durante dois anos (2015 e 2016). A metodologia utilizada foi a de observação direta. A estrutura do secador confeccionado pelo produtor familiar de alvenaria (barro-cimento), reutilizando uma construção que já existia na área. Para a avaliação do teor de vitexina foram escolhidos e marcados seis indivíduos de P. incarnata e coletados durante as três épocas de colheita de 2016 (abril, setembro e novembro) e três tratamentos prévios à secagem de fragmentação: parte aérea não fragmentada (NF); fragmentada média, de 1 cm a 5 cm (FM), e fragmentada pequena, abaixo de 0,5 cm (FP). As análises de CLUE-EM foram realizadas em espectrômetro de massas Accela (Thermo Scientific® ) modelo LCQ Fleet com Ion Trap 3D via análise de injeção de fluxo (FIA) e ionização por eletronebulização com separações cromatográficas realizadas em coluna de fase reversa (C18) e a fase móvel composta de uma mistura de MeOH:H2O. A desidratação da parte aérea do P. incarnata ocorre, em média, durante cerca de 22 horas e meia, parando no período noturno por (11 horas) atingindo umidade relativa máxima de 73,8 % e mínima de 9,6 % e temperaturas máxima e mínima, respectivamente, de 53,5 e 20,9° C. Durante todo processo de desidratação o secador manteve a temperatura interna acima da temperatura do ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar abaixo da umidade do ambiente cumprindo sua função mesmo nos momentos que não foi alimentado por lenha. Apesar da grande variação nos teores de vitexina do tratamento não fragmentado e da segunda época de colheita e a média dos tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tipos de fragmentação pré-secagem e teores de vitexina, sendo a fragmentação recomendada para facilitar o processo de secagem da espécie. / The objective of this research was to evaluate the process of primary processing of Passiflora incarnata in a low cost temperature and humidity monitoring system, which was carried out in Botucatu by means of an open-source software in a wood-fired drier and the evaluation of the post-harvest processing of the P. incarnata biomass by the vitexin content by UHPLC-MS with a data metabolic approach.The work was developed in Dois Irmãos, between the geographical coordinates, latitude 22º56'49.27 "South and longitude 48º34'42.80" West, at 765m altitude in the district of Rubião Júnior, rural district Chaparral. The experiment was conducted with different seasons of harvest and beneficiation of P. incarnata during two years (2015 and 2016).The methodology used was direct observation and photographic record. The structure of the dryer made by the producer was masonry (clay-cement), reused a construction that already existed in the area. Six individuals of P. incarnata were used to evaluate the vitexin content during the three harvest seasons in 2016 (april, september and november) and three treatments prior to fragmentation drying: nonfragmented aerial part (NF); Fragmented medium from 1 cm to 5 cm (FM) and small fragmented, below 0.5 cm (FS). The UHPLC-MS analysis was performed on an Accela mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific ®) LCQ Fleet model with Ion Trap 3D via flow injection analysis (FIA) and electrospray ionization with reverse phase (C18) column chromatographic separations and the mobile phase composed of a mixture of MeOH:H2O. The dehydration of the shoot of the wild passion fruit occurred for twenty two and a half hours, the relative humidity reached at 73.8% (maximum) and 9.6% (minimum), the temperature kept between 53.5 and 20.9° C. With the dehydration process the internal temperature of dryer kept above of ambient temperature , whiule the air relative humidity stayed below of the ambient humidity, which guaranteed its function even without fueled by firewood accidentally.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineMGCO_DISSERT.pdf: 3644884 bytes, checksum: e2e3e578d2fb797531853d76567fdc2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the usual antimalarials, as well as their adverse effects and high cost, has led to the search of new drugs against malaria. Several of these have been developed from medicinal plants based on ethnopharmacology, including the most widely used antimalarials today: quinine and artemisinin. In the present study schizonticide activity of extracts and fractions of a number of medicinal plants from the Caatinga and Amazon biomes were assessed based on ethnopharmacological and chemosystematic information. These included Ximenia americana, Maytenus rigida, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Stryphnodendro coriaceum, Bowdichia virgiliodes, Schinopis brasiliensis and Picrolemma sprucei, the last, an Amazon species. Antimalarial tests of blood schizonticides were conducted in Swiss mice infected with P. berghei and in vitro against P. falciparum. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using HeLa, CHO, 3T3, Raw and HEPG2 cell lines. Except for X. americana, all species exhibited in vivo or in vitro antimalarial activity, inhibiting parasitic growth by up to 79%. Extracts exhibited moderate toxicity with dosedependent kinetics. In this sense, ethnopharmacological and chemosystematic approaches were shown to be useful and promising tools in the search of new drugs. These findings represent a significant contribution to scientific knowledge of the antimalarial potential of Brazilian flora, thereby opening perspectives for the development of new antimalarials / A resist?ncia do Plasmodium falciparum aos antimal?ricos usuais, bem como os seus efeitos adversos e custo elevado, tornam necess?ria a busca de novos medicamentos contra a mal?ria. Diversos f?rmacos foram descobertos a partir de plantas medicinais com base na etnofarmacologia, inclusive os antimal?ricos mais usados atualmente; quinina e artemisinina. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a atividade esquizonticida de extratos e fra??es de algumas plantas medicinais dos Biomas da Caatinga e Amaz?nico a partir de um referencial etnofarmacol?gico e de quimiossistem?tica. S?o elas: Ximenia americana, Maytenus rigida, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Stryphnodendro coriaceum, Bowdichia virgiliodes, Schinopis brasiliensis e Picrolemma sprucei, sendo esta ?ltima, uma esp?cie amaz?nica. Os testes antimal?ricos de esquizonticidas sangu?neos foram feitos em camundongos Swiss infectados com P. berghei e in vitro contra o P. falciparum. Estudos de citotoxicidade in vitro foram realizados utilizando as linhagens celulares HeLa, CHO, 3T3, Raw e HEPG2. A excess?o da X. americana, todas as esp?cies apresentaram atividade antimal?rica in vivo ou in vitro, inibindo o crescimento do parasito em at? 79%. Os extratos exibiram toxicidade moderada com cin?tica de atividade dose-dependente. Nesse contexto, a abordagem etnofarmacol?gica associada ao perfil quimiossistem?tico, se mostram ferramentas ?teis e promissoras na busca de novos f?rmacos, permitindo contribuir significativamente para o conhecimento cient?fico do potencial antimal?rico da flora brasileira e deste modo, abrir perspectivas para o desenvolvimento de novos antimal?ricos

Orientador: Lin Chau Ming / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento das plantas medicinais e práticas tradicionais de terapias utilizadas por cinco curandeiros, sistematizar, organizar e registrar tais informações, em três comunidades do município de Iporanga, vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada em nove viagens no período de março de 2001 a março de 2002, com duração média de dez dias, sendo que os primeiros contatos com algumas comunidades para definição da amostragem se iniciou em novembro de 2000. A metodologia utilizada foi entrevistas semi-estruturadas e estruturadas, através de questionários, observação participante e caminhadas com os informantes aos locais de coleta. Os dados foram anotados em caderneta de campo e gravados em fita cassete. O material botânico foi coletado e herborizado. Os resultados indicam o uso ainda intenso de plantas medicinais para os primeiros cuidados com a saúde. As indicações terapêuticas mais destacadas foram para doenças do aparelho digestivo, circulatório, doenças/sintomas de mulher e machucadura. Foram descritas 114 espécies, a maior parte delas não cultivadas, indicando o extrativismo. As espécies mais citadas foram, Leonorus sibiricus L. (rubim), Ageratum conyzoides L. (mentrasto), Renealmia sp. (caetezinho) e Calea pinnatifida Less (cipó cruz). Palavras chave: Plantas medicinais, etnobotânica, curandeiros, Mata Atlântica, Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. / Abstract: The present work has as objective to survey the medicinal plants and traditional practices of therapies used by five healers, to systematize, organize and register such informations, in three communities of the municipal district of Iporanga, Ribeira valley, State of São Paulo. The collection of data was accomplished in nine trips in the period from March 2001 to March, 2002, with duration about ten days, being the first contacts with some communities for definition of the sampling begun in November, 2000. The methodology was semi-structured and structured interviews, through questionnaires, participant observation and walks with the informers in the collection places. The data were logged in field notebook and recorded in cassette tape. The botanical material was collected and herborized. The results still indicate the intense use of medicinal plants for the first health care. The more outstanding therapeutics indications were to diseases of the digestive and circulatory system, woman diseases/symptoms and bruise. 114 species were described, most of them are not cultivated, indicating an extractivism. The more mentioned species were, Leonorus sibiricus L. (rubim), Ageratum conyzoides L. (mentrasto), Renealmia sp. (caetezinho) and Calea pinnatifida Less (cipó cruz). Keywords: Medicinal plants, ethnobotany, healers, Tropical Atlantic Forest, Ribeira Valley, São Paulo State, Brazil. / Mestre

Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder that is characterised not only by severe hyperglycemia but also altered metabolism of glucose and lipids. It is a major health problem worldwide and its impact is greatly noticed in developing countries due to the lack of adequate medical facilities. Oxidative stress remains the principal factor that actively plays major roles in the onset and progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of DM has undisputedly gained the attention and interest of researchers throughout the globe mainly because plants have established promising outcomes in the treatment of diabetes. It is evident that the plants’ constituents possess therapeutically potent metabolites that have beneficial effects such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Hypoxis hemerocallidea is a native plant that grows in the Southern African regions. H. hemerocallidea is well known for its beneficial medicinal values. In South Africa it is known as the African potato. The main aim of this study was to investigate both the beneficial and also the possible toxic effects of H. hemerocallidea in the kidney and liver tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats by assessing the antioxidant status and selected biochemical parameters in the two studied organs. Diabetes was induced in overnight fasted rats by administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at a dosage of 50mg/kg in citrate buffer (0.1 M at 4.5 pH). Hyperglycemia was confirmed 72 hours after induction of diabetes using STZ in rats with glucose levels > 15 mmol/l. Treatment with the plants extract commenced on the fourth day after STZ administration via gastric gavage that was done once a day over a 6 week period. The effects of H. hemerocallidea on glucose, body weight, liver and kidney weights, liver function, kidney function and the oxidative status were evaluated after the feeding period.

Thesis (DTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by deficiency in insulin resulting in hyperglycaemia with metabolic alterations in carbohydrate, lipid and protein. DM has been associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators. Many drugs have been designed for its treatment and management; however, limitations persist in the use of anti-hyperglycemic medications due to numerous side effects, high cost, limited action and secondary failure rates. Moringa oleifera (MO) tree is distributed in the tropics and subtropics and has been found to be very nutritious with a variety of applications. This plant has been reported to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant and other medicinal properties which may be helpful in managing diabetes and its associated complications. This study investigated the antioxidant status, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic properties and phytochemical constituents of the leaf extract of MO (250 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in buffered citrate (0.1, pH 4.5). Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four (4) groups and treated for six weeks: group one- non-diabetic control (Control), group two- non-diabetic Moringa treated (Moringa), group three- diabetic control (Diabetic) and group four- diabetic Moringa treated (Diabetic + Moringa). Methanol, aqueous and petroleum ether extract of MO leaves were evaluated for its antioxidant and phytochemical contents. Assays for total antioxidant capacity such as trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), flavonoids, flavonols and total polyphenols content were analysed. Other parameters analysed include glucose level; glycated haemoglobin level; hepatic biomarkers; endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx) in the liver; kidney and erythrocytes; inflammatory biomarkers in the serum, liver and kidney; high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum. Assessment of apoptotic cell death biomarkers (caspase 3, caspase 9, BCL-2, NFKβ, p53) in the liver and kidney were performed. Histopathological analysis was conducted on the liver, kidney and pancreatic sections. In vitro results showed that aqueous and methanol extract of MO demonstrated a high antioxidant capacity, phenolic contents and revealed more chemical constituents than the petroleum ether extract. HPLC analysis of the leaf extract indicated the presence of flavonoids: quercetin, rutin and myricetin and phenolic acids. High levels of polyphenols, flavonols and alkaloids were reported in MO extracts. Treatment with MO in normal and diabetic rats daily for six weeks resulted in significant (p<0.05) decrease in glucose and glycated haemoglobin levels. Liver and kidney size which increased in diabetic rats, decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment with MO. Pancreas size showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in diabetic rats and increased significantly (p<0.05) after MO administration. Similarly, serum albumin level increased in non-diabetic and diabetic groups after MO treatment. Also, a significantly increased level of T-bilirubin in diabetic groups relative to normal control rats which reduced greatly after MO administration was observed. Serum lipid profile: LDL and TC levels were increased in rats exposed to STZ. HDL level decreased in diabetic rats when compared to normal control. The activities of MO extracts was shown to lower TC and LDL levels. HDL level also increased after MO administration. Similarly, lipid peroxidation (MDA) level significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the diabetic group following MO treatment. An observable improvement was seen in the antioxidant enzyme system. Activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and concentration of glutathione (GSH) were restored or increased in the homogenate of the liver, kidney, and erythrocytes, indicative of the protective effect of MO in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. The expression of cell death markers (caspase 3, caspase 9, BCL-2, NFKβ, p53) showed remarkable improvement after treatment with MO relative to the non-diabetic control. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α) and (chemokine MCP-1 concentrations) were observed in the serum, liver, and kidney of non-diabetic and diabetic treated groups. Histopathological sections of the liver, kidney and pancreas of diabetic rats revealed severe damage which showed significant improvements after MO treatment. Liver, kidney and pancreatic histological sections revealed the protective effect of MO in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. MO exerted modulatory effects in STZ-induced diabetes by its antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-lipidemic activities and offered protective effects against diabetic-induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, but equally improved antioxidant status. The study concluded that MO could play a significant role in the early treatment and management of diabetes that pharmaceutical industry should consider it in the future as a possible therapeutic agent.

Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The continued use and popularity of plant-based traditional medicine demands scientific validation of the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plants used in disease management and treatment. These medicinal plants are to be evaluated for phytochemical constituents and pharmacologically screened for their bioactivity and include the isolation and identification of their bioactive compounds. The diabetes tea and its eight individual plants constituents were collected from Sing Fefur Herbs in McGregor, Western Cape. The plant material was ground to a fine powder form using a milling machine. The powdered plant material was sequentially extracted with hexane, 1:1 DCM, DCM:MeOH, MeOH and water. The antioxidant activity of the tea and its plants was evaluated with comparison to the antioxidant activity of brewed rooibos tea in literature. The concentration of antioxidants in the plants and the tea were found to be significantly high. The ORAC assay results of the water extracts were significantly higher than that of rooibos tea in all plants. Salvia africana-caerulea water extract ORAC results were 14147.10±1.02 μmol TE/g and this is 10 times better than the brewed rooibos tea results of 1402±44.1 μmol TE/g. The alpha-amylase enzyme inhibition assay showed no significant results while the alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays showed significant results in some of the extracts. The highest inhibitory activity towards alpha-glucosidase was found in the Urtica urens hexane extract and the Thymus vulgaris hexane extract (69.66% and 68.43%, respectively). This observation suggests that alpha-glucosidase enzyme is inhibited mostly by the less polar or medium polarity chemical components of the plant extracts. The crude plant extracts that showed significant activity in the antidiabetic bioassays were further subjected to cytotoxicity assay to ascertain the safety of extracts. The T. vulgaris DCM extract, Salvia officinalis DCM extract and Salvia officinalis hexane extract showed a cell growth inhibition of 54.91%, 62.14% and 63.87% at 100 μg/ml, respectively. The Salvia africana-caerulea DCM extract showed a cell growth inhibition of 59.10% at 50 μg/ml and 62.14% at 100 μg/ml. In the cytotoxicity analysis Salvia africana-caerulea DCM extract is the only extract that showed cell viability below 50% for both concentrations. Phytochemical screening of selected methanolic and aqueous extracts of the diabetes tea and the Salvia africana-caerulea showed the presence of alkaloids, sugars, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins & amino acids, phenolics & tannins and saponins. Furthermore isolation, purification and analysis of two Salvia africana-caerulea crude extracts (DCM and DCM:MeOH) were done in order to try and obtain pure compounds. The compound characterization was done through the use of chromatographic techniques. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), flash chromatography and column chromatography resulted in the generation of 29 fractions. Spectroscopic techniques utilized for chemical structural elucidation for compounds of interest included Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Of all the fractions generated, DM 23 was the purest and its structural elucidation was attempted.

Orientador: Maria Christina de Mello Amorozo / Banca: Izabel de Carvalho / Banca: Eliana Rodrigues / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento junto à comunidade rural da Vargem Grande, município de Natividade da Serra, São Paulo, a respeito do conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais utilizadas para as doenças de maior ocorrência na região. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março de 2004 a janeiro de 2006. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada em Antropologia Cultural, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e aprendizado das técnicas tradicionais. Os problemas de diabetes, hipertensão, má digestão e problemas urinários foram citados como sendo de maior ocorrência na região pelos profissionais do Sistema Oficial de Saúde. A categoria de lesões de pele foi incluída na pesquisa pela freqüência de citações dos entrevistados. Foram entrevistados 17 entrevistados através da amostragem “bola de neve”. Para melhor compreensão dos entrevistados foram utilizados os termos pressão alta, açúcar no sangue, má digestão e dor de urina e bexiga que eram os mais utilizados no local para designar os problemas de saúde. Embora a pesquisa tenha se restringido a alguns grupos de doenças e tipos de lesão, foi indicado um alto número de plantas totalizando 115 espécies. As famílias mais representativas foram Asteraceae, Solanaceae e Lamiaceae. As espécies mais populares entre os informantes foram Baccharis sp (carqueja) e Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw (chuchu). Pelo alto índice de concordância para algumas espécies indicadas sugere-se estudos de ação farmacológica que comprovem a eficácia terapêutica dessas espécies, incentivando programas de fitoterapia dentro do Sistema Oficial de Saúde, adaptado ao sistema cultural das populações locais para a otimização de seu uso. / Abstract: The aim of this work was describe a survey of knowledge medicinal plants used for the illness that most occurs in community rural of Vargem Grande, Natividade da Serra, SP, Brazil. The dates were collected in the period of March 2004 to January 2006. The methodoly was based on a cultural anthropology with interviews semi-structured, participant observation and with the learning of the traditional technicals. The illness of diabetes, hypertension, bad digestion, urinary tract had been cited as being the bigger occurrence in the region by professionals of the Official System of Health. The category skin injuries, was include in the research for the frequency citation. Were conducted 17 interviews with sampling “snowball”. For a better understanding of the informers the terms was used high pressure, sugar in the blood, bad digestion, urine and bladder pain. Although the research was restricted to some cases of health, a high number of plants were indicated, totalizing 115 species. The most representatives families was Asteraceae, Solanaceae e Lamiaceae. The most popularly species between the informes was Baccharis sp and Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. For the high number of agreement for some indicated species, studies of pharmacology action are 11 suggested to prove the therapeutical effectiveness of these species, stimulating programs of phytoterapy inside of the Official System of Health adapted to the cultural system of each population for the optimizing its use. / Mestre

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar estudos sobre as características agronômicas e fitoquímicas da Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pederson e de sua inter-relação sócio-ambiental, num trecho da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, onde cresce espontaneamente. A coleta dos acessos (A) foi realizada ao longo dos rios Paranapanema (Rosana, SP = A4), Paraná (Ilha de Santa Terezinha, PR = A1; Taquaruçu, MS = A3), Ivaí (Querência do Norte, PR = A2), nos estados do Paraná, São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul. Um experimento foi instalado no município Querência do Norte-PR para avaliar o desenvolvimento da espécie em altura (em viveiro e campo) e a produção de raízes (peso fresco, peso seco) e conteúdo de -ecdisona das raízes. Com relação a - ecdisona, os extratos foram preparados na UEM e as determinações em foram feitas no TECPAR. Também foi feito um levantamento da situação socioeconômica dos coletores e elaborado o fluxograma do produto. As colheitas foram realizadas a partir do oitavo até o décimo quarto mês após o plantio, em intervalos de dois meses (E). Na produção de mudas o acesso com maior taxa de brotação dos propágulos foi o A2, com 94%, seguida do A3 com 84%; A1 com 73%; e o A4 com 71%. Quanto ao desenvolvimento das mudas em viveiro, o acesso que apresentou maior velocidade de crescimento foi o A4 (média 37,4 cm), seguido do A2 (média 28,9 cm), A3 (média 27,4 cm) e o A1 (média 23,3 cm). Em relação ao desenvolvimento da parte aérea, a diferença entre os acessos existente no momento da instalação do experimento deixou de ser significativa a partir da segunda avaliação. A altura média de todos os acessos de foi 1,61m na 4ª avaliação. Com relação à produção de raízes, verificou-se que as maiores produtividades, tanto em peso fresco quanto seco, foram alcançadas aos 12 e aos 14 meses... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine some agricultural and phyto-chemical characteristics of Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pederson and the interaction of the cultivation of this species with social and environmental aspects. The study was carried out in its natural habitat: the flooded lowlands of the Paraná river basin. The gathering of the accessions for collection purposes (A) was performed along the rivers Paranapanema (Rosana, SP = A4), Paraná (Ilha de Santa Terezinha, PR = A1; Taquaruçu, MS = A3), and Ivaí (Querência do Norte, PR = A2), in the states of Paraná, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul. An field trial was set up in the municipality of Querência do Norte- PR to evaluate the development of the species in terms of the height development (in nursery and under field conditions) and the production of roots (fresh weight, dry weight) and -ecdisone content in roots. The extracts to determine the latter were prepared at UEM (State University of Maringá) and the content was obtained with HPLC - equipment at TECPAR (Institute of Technology of Paraná). A survey about the social and economic situation of the collectors was also undertaken and a production-to-consumption flowchart for the product was drawn. Harvesting of the roots was carried out in a two-month interval (E), starting eight months after planting until fourteen month after planting. During the nursery phase, the accession that resulted the highest rate of sprouting of the propagative material (cuttings from the cormlike tissues) was accession 2, with 94%, followed by A3 with 84%; A1 with 73%; and A4 with 71%. In relation to seedling development under field conditions, the accession that showed the fastest growth rate was accession A4 (average of 37.4 cm), followed by A2 (average of 28.9 cm), A3 (average of 27.4 cm) and A1 (average 23.3 cm). In terms of development... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Lin Chau Ming / Coorientador: Diógenes A. G. Cortez / Doutor

Submitted by Rebeka Godeiro (rebeka_carvalho@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-21T13:03:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLLA INGRID MEDEIROS CAVALCANTE - DISSERTAÇÃO ZOOTECNIA 2017.pdf: 833959 bytes, checksum: 6e307cdb1f543d1c540a61bcd7208439 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T13:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLLA INGRID MEDEIROS CAVALCANTE - DISSERTAÇÃO ZOOTECNIA 2017.pdf: 833959 bytes, checksum: 6e307cdb1f543d1c540a61bcd7208439 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / Capes / A dispersão é algo primordial na estrutura de uma área florestal, já que a distribuição, permanência das populações de plantas depende desse processo. Uma vez que a maioria das sementes que ficam próximas a plantamãe, tem baixo nível de sucesso. Dessa forma, os dispersores ajudam a manter as plantas que são comumente usadas como fitoterápicos pela população, em decorrência do pressão sofrida por essas plantas que são utilizadas tanto na população como na criação de animais. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a população das plantas com efeito antiparasitário em rebanhos caprinos através da identificação de seus dispersores. Na construção da revisão sistemática foram utilizados os descritores “Medicinal plant dispersers” e “Dispersores de plantas medicinais” nas bases de dados PUBMED, Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Além da revisão sistemática foi feito um estudo de caso acerca dos dispersores de plantas medicinais no assentamento Patativa do Assaré, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A revisão sistemática identificou três artigos que falavam sobre os dispersores de plantas medicinais com efeito antiparasitário. Foram entrevistados 13 pessoas no estudo de caso, foram citadas 25 espécies de plantas utilizadas como medicinais, sendo citado o efeito antiparasitário. Assim, enfatizamos a importância dos estudos de dispersão, para que aumente o conhecimento da população quanto aos recursos existentes em suas propriedades e para melhorar fármacos já existentes. / Dispersion is something essential in the structure of a forest area, as the distribution, permanence of the populations of plants depends on this process. Since most of the seeds that are close to the mother plant, have a low success rate. Thus, the dispersers help to maintain the plants that are commonly used as herbal medicines by the population, due to the pressure suffered by these plants that are used both in the population and in animal husbandry. The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant population with antiparasitic effect in goat herds by the identification of their dispersers. In the construction of the systematic review the descriptors "Medicinal plant dispersers" and "Dispersers of medicinal plants" were used in the databases PUBMED, Scielo and Google Academic. In addition to the systematic review, a case study about the dispersers of medicinal plants was carried out in the “Patativa do Assaré” settlement, by means of semi-structured interviews. The systematic review identified three articles on the dispersers of medicinal plants with antiparasitic effect. 13 people were interviewed in the case study, 25 plant species were cited as having medicinal use, and the antiparasitic effect was mentioned. Thus, we emphasize the importance of dispersion studies, in order to increase the knowledge of the population regarding the existing resources in their properties and to improve already existing drugs.

Diversos estudos vêm demonstrando o potencial de plantas medicinais no controle de fitopatógenos, tanto por sua ação fungistática direta, quanto pela capacidade de induzir a defesa das plantas, indicando a presença de moléculas com características elicitoras. Nesse sentido foram desenvolvidos três experimentos no ano de 2009 e 2010, na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Campus de Dois Vizinhos, com objetivos de avaliar o potencial de preparados a base de calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) na indução de fitoalexinas em cotilédones de soja, na indução de resistência em frutos de morango e o efeito fungistático sobre Botrytis cinerea in vitro. O delineamento experimental utilizado para os experimentos foi inteiramente casualizado com 15 tratamentos resultantes da combinação de três formas de extração (extrato alcoólico, infusão e maceração) e cinco concentrações (zero; 1,25; 2,5; 5 e 10%), sendo a concentração zero água destilada, em arranjo fatorial (3 x 5) com 4 repetições. O primeiro experimento avaliou o potencial fungistático dos preparados sobre B. cinerea in vitro. Em placas de Petri® foram adicionados no meio de cultura BDA (Batata Dextrose Ágar) os preparados nas diferentes concentrações. Após a solidificação, um orifício de 8 mm foi realizado no centro da placa e introduzindo-se 2μL da suspensão de conídios de B. cinerea. As placas foram mantidas em câmara de crescimento durante 7 dias a 25ºC, e no sétimo dia mediu-se o diâmetro do halo de crescimento do fungo. O segundo experimento avaliou a indução de fitoalexinas em cotilédones de soja em resposta aos preparados à base de calêndula. Sementes de soja foram semeadas em areia autoclavada e mantidas em temperatura ambiente por 10 dias. Em seguida os cotilédones das plântulas foram removidos e na face abaxial destes foram aplicados os tratamentos. Após seguir os procedimentos metodológicos da técnica de extração, obteve-se via espectrofotometria a quantificação da fitoalexina gliceolina. O terceiro experimento avaliou o efeito dos preparados a base de C. officinalis sobre os parâmetros físico-químicos e bioquímicos de frutos de morango relacionados com a indução de resistência. Os frutos foram acondicionados em bandejas plásticas e pulverizados com os diferentes tratamentos. Após 6 horas da pulverização dos preparados foi pulverizada solução contendo cerca 104 conídios do fungo B. cinerea. As avaliações foram realizadas após 3 dias da implantação do experimento. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: perda de massa, incidência de podridões, acidez titulável, firmeza de polpa e sólidos solúveis totais, e as bioquímicas foram: açúcares totais, antocianinas, flavonóides e atividade da enzima fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL). Os resultados demonstraram que a maceração em todas as suas concentrações inibiu o crescimento do fungo B. cinerea in vitro, sendo que a partir de 2,5% observou-se inibição total. O tratamento com infusão na sua maior concentração (10%) também apresentou resposta positiva na inibição do crescimento de B. cinerea. Os preparados de C. officinalis apresentaram capacidade de indução das fitoalexinas gliceolinas em cotilédones de soja. Na aplicação dos preparados em pós-colheita de morangos, não ocorreu influência dos tratamentos sobre perda de massa, incidência de podridões, firmeza de polpa, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis totais, açúcares totais e antocianina. Para flavonóides o extrato alcoólico em todas as concentrações e a infusão a partir de 5% estimularam sua produção. A atividade da enzima FAL foi estimulada pela aplicação dos extratos. / Several studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants in the pathogens control, through its direct fungistatic action or its ability to induce plant defense, it suggesting the presence of molecules with characteristics elicitors. Three experiments were carried out on 2009 and 2010, in the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos city (PR – Brazil). The aim of this work was to evaluate prepared caledula (Calendula officinalis L.) potential for phytoalexins induction in the soybean cotyledons, resistance induction in the strawberry fruits and fungistatic effect of Botrytis cinerea in vitro. The experimental design was completely randomized with 15 treatments resulting from the combination of three forms of extraction (alcohol extract, infusion and maceration) and five concentrations (zero, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10%), with zero concentration distilled water in a factorial (3 x 5) with four replications the distilled water was used as control. The first experiment evaluated the potential fungistatic preparations in the B. cinerea control. The preparations with the different concentrations were put in Petri dishes with BDA culture media. After the media solidification, a hole of 8 mm was punched in the dishes Petri center and in this hole was introduced 2μL of spore B. cinerea suspension. The Petri dishes were kept in growth chamber for 7 days at 25°C. In the seventh day, the halo diameter fungus growth was evaluated. The second experiment evaluated the phytoalexins induction in the soybean cotyledons soybean as result of C. officinalis derivatives. Soybean seeds were sown in sterilized sand and it were kept at room temperature during 10 days. Then, the seedlings cotyledons were removed and on the abaxial part it was applied the treatments. After methodological procedures of extraction technique, it was obtained the phytoalexins glyceolin quantification by for spectrophotometry. The third study evaluated the C. officinalis solutions effect on the strawberry fruits physic-chemical and biochemical characteristics. The fruits were packed in plastic trays and it sprayed with different treatments. After six hours of the treatments spraying, it was sprayed a solution containing about 10-4 spore of B. cinerea fungus. After 3 days, it was realized the evaluations. The mass loss, rots incidence, titratable acidity, flesh firmness, total soluble solids, totals sugars, anthocyanins, flavonoids and activity of phenylalanine-amonialiase (PAL) were evaluated. The results showed that the maceration with all over the concentrations used, it inhibited of the B. cinerea fungus in vitro growth. Concentrations higher that 2.5%, presented total inhibition ability. Treatment with infusion using the highest concentration (10%) also showed positive response for B. cinerea growth inhibiting. The C. officinalis solutions presented induction capacity of the phytoalexins glyceolin in soybean cotyledons. It was observed that the solutions applied during the strawberry postharvest didn’t influence in the physico-chemical characteristics (mass loss, rots incidence, titratable acidity, flesh firmness and total soluble solids). In the biochemical analyzes for totals sugars and anthocyanins wasn’t observed statistical difference among the treatments. The alcoholic extract all over the concentrations and the infusion with concentrations higher than 5% stimulated the flavonoids productions. The PAL enzyme activity was stimulated by the application of extracts.