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Futenma - výzva pro americko-japonskou alianci / Futenma - a challenge for the U.S.-Japanese allianceKraus, Lukáš January 2012 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the crisis of two important allies, Japan and the US, which began in relation to the negotiation during the rule of the Prime Minister Hatoyama about the relocation of the controversial Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, which is located on the Okinawa Island. This thesis firstly reconstructs the historical context of the U.S.-Japan alliance and the role of the bases in it. The importance of the peace movement, which is still a vocal player of the Okinawa events today, is also mentioned. Then this paper examines the feature of the bases, especially of the Futenma Air Station. Another key part of the paper is made by description of the processes, which targeted reducing of the burden of Okinawa people, caused by the presence of the bases on Japanese ground. The Futenma became the main symbolof these negotiations. In it main part, based on the level of analysis concept, this thesis provides the analysis of the negotiations of the three actors of the 2009-2010 crisis - the Prime Minister Hatoyama and his cabinet, who came out of the elections with the programme of changing the government system (seiken kōtai) and the revision of the former Futenma Henoko relocation plan; the Obama administration, which persisted on the Henoko plan; and the people of Okinawa, who are...
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The prospect for Okinawa's initiative : towards getting rid of the U.S. Military presence in OkinawaMatsubara, Nao. January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [56]-[62]) Focusses on issues concerning the U.S. military presence on the island. Elaborates on Okinawa's suffering due to the military bases which have hindered Okinawa's economic development, created serious pollution and encouraged crime
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La trasmisión de palabras de origen uchinaguchi mediante las principales características culturales okinawenses y su recepción en la comunidad nikkei de Lima, 2018 / The transmission of words of Uchinaguchi origin through the main Okinawan cultural characteristics and their reception in the Nikkei community of Lima, 2018Carrasco Mallma, Jhonattan Javier, Segura Vela, Alejandra 10 February 2021 (has links)
Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / La mayor parte de la comunidad nikkei de Lima se compone de descendientes de okinawenses. Como consecuencia, el arte, la gastronomía y los ritos propios de Okinawa son características culturales que forman parte de la vida de los miembros de la comunidad. Pese a que la lengua originaria de Okinawa (uchinaguchi) se encuentra en peligro de extinción, la presente investigación demuestra que la práctica de estas características culturales, tanto en los hogares de los participantes como en eventos y talleres comunitarios, genera la trasmisión y recepción de palabras uchinaguchi (“uchinaguismos”) en la comunidad nikkei de Lima. / The largest part of Lima’s Nikkei community is composed of Okinawan descendants. Therefore, the arts, gastronomy, and rites of Okinawa are cultural characteristics that are part of the lives of the members of this community. Although the native language of Okinawa (Uchinaguchi) is in danger of extinction, this paper exhibits that the practice of these cultural characteristics, at home and in community events and workshops, generates the transmission and reception of Uchinaguchi words (“uchinaguisms”) in Lima’s Nikkei community. / Tesis
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戦後沖縄の基地と軍用地料問題 : 地域を内部から問う女性運動 / センゴ オキナワ ノ キチ ト グンヨウ チリョウ モンダイ : チイキ オ ナイブ カラ トウ ジョセイ ウンドウ桐山 節子, Setsuko Kiriyama 20 September 2017 (has links)
本論文は、戦後沖縄における女性運動の歴史の一端をたどるものである。基地の町の女性問題が、地域が受け取る軍用地料と密接に関わり、基地維持を支える軍用地料の利権が、日米関係や地域運動と相互に関係しつつ、どのように地域を再構成し続けているかを検討する。具体的には、戦後基地の町となった国頭郡金武町字金武(金武区と並里区)で1990年代から2000年代中頃にたたかわれた軍用地料をめぐる女性差別解消運動を検討する。 / This thesis examines the problem concerning Camp Hansen rental payments and military bases in Okinawa since 1945, from the viewpoint of the local women's movement.The purpose is to understand the human rights, political and economic problems of women who live in military base towns in Kin-cho, the focus of our case-study. In particular, I examine the role military base rental payments have played in restructuring the area. This reconfiguration is closely interrelated with Japan-US relations, the rental income for the bases and the regional movement. This is, therefore, also the history of the women rooted in the area. / 博士(現代アジア研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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Voyage vers un autre Japon. Le département d'Okinawa comme laboratoire du tourisme des étrangers au Japon / Travel to another Japan : Okinawa Prefecture as a Laboratory of Inbound Tourism in Japan / 異なる日本を旅する。日本国内外国人観光の実験地とした沖縄県Perez, Mike 07 May 2015 (has links)
Si le Japon est reconnu comme un pays émetteur de touristes internationaux durant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, son gouvernement met en œuvre dès le début du XXIe siècle des politiques visant à inverser cette tendance : l’Archipel veut s’imposer comme une destination touristique majeure au niveau international. L’enjeu que représentent les touristes étrangers dans les politiques nationales est souligné à travers l’histoire du pays. Un état des lieux sur la situation actuelle du tourisme des étrangers sur le territoire japonais est ensuite proposé sur la base de plusieurs indicateurs, débouchant sur des modèles structuraux. Parmi eux, le département d’Okinawa apparait comme la zone la plus touchée par le phénomène touristique, d’autant plus que la structure spatiale des espaces touristiques dans ce petit archipel reproduit le système observé à l’échelle nationale, justifiant de focaliser l’analyse sur cette collectivité territoriale. Pour évaluer la pertinence du tourisme international à Okinawa, l’approche adoptée repose sur une analyse cartographique et des travaux de terrain. Centrés sur le chef-lieu d’Okinawa, la ville de Naha, ces travaux regroupent des enquêtes d’opinion à propos des touristes étrangers menées auprès des commerçants, des entretiens avec des fonctionnaires et des entreprises, mais aussi des relevés relatifs à l’affichage des langues étrangères dans les boutiques. Les résultats de ces travaux sont ensuite décomposés en quatre catégories : l’impact économique, les rapports sociaux, les représentations symboliques et les échanges culturels. Des disparités émergent au sein de la ville, ainsi qu’un manque d’adaptation de la part des locaux vis-à-vis de la clientèle étrangère, notamment en matière de communication. L’appareil touristique local est conçu pour répondre à une clientèle domestique et, en ce sens, la croissance des arrivées de voyageurs étrangers s’accompagne d’une série de problèmes. Néanmoins, une « proximité culturelle » s’établit à l’égard de certaines nationalités de touristes. En parallèle, non seulement une hiérarchie des attraits culturels se dessinent mais aussi l’ensemble du système de représentation touristique se complexifie lorsqu’il est appréhendé à travers le spectre des touristes internationaux.Le champ d’observation prend ensuite du recul afin de recontextualiser cet état des lieux dans la perspective des politiques nationales. Ces dernières ont gagné en cohésion au fur et à mesure qu’émerge au Japon une volonté décentralisatrice. Aujourd’hui, le tourisme relève en grande partie de la responsabilité des collectivités territoriales, vis-à-vis desquelles Okinawa fait figure de précurseur, sinon de pilote. En outre, la gestion publique du tourisme est largement inscrite dans une tendance libérale, marquée par des privatisations et un rapprochement entre acteurs publics et privés. Le tourisme international apparait comme une solution pour résoudre en partie des problèmes internes (baisse démographique, contraction future de la demande intérieure, dynamisme socioéconomique des espaces en déclin), de même qu’il doit amener, du point de vue culturel, une meilleure compétitivité du pays en termes de rayonnement (en particulier par rapport aux autres pays asiatiques), ainsi qu’une « ouverture » identitaire.En somme, cette thèse emprunte essentiellement à la géographie du tourisme, usant de concepts tels que la touristification, l’attrait et l’attractivité culturelle. Elle propose une étude inédite du territoire japonais perçu en tant qu’espace du tourisme international, de même qu’elle intègre dans cette analyse la question du rapport à l’Autre, de l’interaction entre trois échelles (locale, nationale, transnationale). Surtout, elle met en lumière de nouveaux éléments de connaissance sur Okinawa, ce Japon « autre » qui révèle certaines réalités de l’Archipel. / Even though Japan is considered as a providing zone for international tourists during the second half of the twentieth century, since the early twenty-first century its government has been setting up policies aiming to reverse this trend. Japan wants to brand itself as an important tourist destination in the world. Inbound tourism is emphasized in Japanese history as an important stake in its national policies. The analysis on the current situation of inbound tourism in Japan is then proposed by a series of indicators, leading to structural models. In doing so, the Japanese territory “consumed” by foreign tourists is organized through a space trend called “multipolar binuclear”, including a main axis followed by pioneer fronts. In order to evaluate the relevance of inbound tourism in Okinawa, the proposed approach is based on map analysis and fieldworks. This was centered around Okinawa’s capital, Naha city. These fieldworks gathered surveys from shopkeepers about foreign tourists, interviews with the public and private actors and samples concerning the visibility of foreign languages in local shops. The results are divided in four categories: economic impact, social relations, symbolic representations and cultural exchanges. Disparities are revealed among the citizens, but also a lack of adaptation to foreign customer service, particularly in terms of communication. Local tourism production is still targeting toward Japanese customers, which is why the growth of foreign tourists arrivals is accompanied with a range of issues. However, a “cultural proximity” is felt towards two kind of foreign tourists, according to their nationality. Also, a hierarchy is drawn about the inner “cultural appeal elements”. While the entire system of tourist symbols is becoming more complex, it is observed through the prism of inbound tourism.The scope of observation is then widened in order to recontextualize these elements within the processes of national policies. Tourism related policies became gradually a coherent whole as the decentralization measures have developed in Japan. Nowadays, tourism is mainly handled by local governments, among whom Okinawa Prefecture is appearing as a precursor, as a guide. Besides, public administration of tourism is obviously involving in a liberal trend, leading to privatizations and hindered relations between public and private actors.Indeed, national policies are aiming to promote inbound tourism as a response to certain issues. The growth of foreign tourist arrivals is conceived as a solution to internal problems (demographic slump, upcoming contraction of the national demand, socioeconomic revitalization of declining areas). It also must lead to evolutions in terms of culture, meaning a reinforced influence worldwide (particularly towards Asian countries) and an identity-related “openness”.Concerning all these aspects, Okinawa Prefecture provides an important function as an experimental area. Each of its success are being reproduced in other parts of Japan. Furthermore, Okinawa is playing a complementary role, influencing and guiding national models in terms of public management, in symbolic representation, or even in terms of transculturality.In other words, this dissertation borrows some tools to the French geography of tourism, using concepts such as touristification, appealing elements and cultural attractiveness. It provides an unique analysis of the Japanese territory seen as an international tourism destination, including thoughts about the relation with the “Other” in Japan, about interactions between three scales (local, national, transnational). Above all, the thesis enlightens on a new kind of knowledge concerning Okinawa, this distinctive piece of Japan , which reveals unexpected realities of the nation.
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The 1969 Summit within the Japan-US security treaty system : a two-level approachBristow, Alexander January 2011 (has links)
This thesis reviews the significance of the 1969 Japan-US Summit between Prime Minister Satii Eisaku and President Richard Nixon in light of official documents that have been disclosed in Japan since 2010 and in the United States since the 1990s. Based on newly available sources, this thesis shows that the 1969 Summit should be considered a Japanese-led initiative with two aims: firstly, to announce a deadline for Okinawa's return with all nuclear weapons removed; and secondly, to reform the Japan-US security treaty system without repeating the kind of outright revision concluded in 1960. The Japanese plan to reform the security treaty system involved simplifying the prior consultation formula by making a public commitment to the security of South Korea of sufficient strength that the United States would agree to the dissolution of the 1960 secret 'Korea Minute'. The Japanese Government achieved its first aim but only partially succeeded in its second. Whilst the return of Okinawa was announced, the status of US bases in Okinawa and mainland Japan continued to be governed by an elaborate web of agreements, public and secret, which damaged public confidence and hampered an improvement in relations between Japan and its neighbouring countries. This thesis shows that commonly held academic opinions about the 1969 Summit are incorrect. Firstly, there was no quid pro quo in which Japan linked its security to South Korea in exchange for Okinawa: both these outcomes were in fact Japanese objectives at the beginning of the summit preparations. Secondly, the success of the summit did not depend on 'backchannel' negotiations between Wakaizumi Kei and Henry Kissinger: it is likely that an announcement on Okinawa's reversion would have been achieved in 1969 even if preparations for the summit had been left to the Japanese Foreign Ministry and the US State Department. Word Limit: Approx. 98,000 words, excluding Bibliography
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生を縁取る言葉の居場所 : 戦後沖縄における「島ぐるみ」土地闘争の再検討 / セイ オ フチドル コトバ ノ イバショ : センゴ オキナワ ニオケル シマグルミ トチ トウソウ ノ サイケントウ / 生を縁取る言葉の居場所 : 戦後沖縄における島ぐるみ土地闘争の再検討岡本 直美, Naomi Okamoto 21 March 2021 (has links)
本論文は、沖縄戦後史研究において、復帰運動や反戦平和運動の前史と位置づけられてきた伊江島土地闘争を研究対象とする。そして、実証性に乏しい伊江島土地闘争の具体像、及び新たな運動像の実証的な考察を目的とした。本研究の特色は二点ある。第一に、従来土着の問題として論じられてきた土地闘争に対して、沖縄住民の流動的な生から再検討したこと。第二に、運動から人びとの「自」を探る視点の再検討として、看過されてきたポスト「島ぐるみ」期の土地闘争を日本本土での学習経験や反戦平和資料館から考察したことである。 / 博士(現代アジア研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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'The Marshall System' in World War II, Myth and Reality: Six American Commanders Who FailedCarlson, Cody King 08 1900 (has links)
This is an analysis of the U.S. Army's personnel decisions in the Second World War. Specifically, it considers the U.S. Army Chief of Staff George C. Marshall's appointment of generals to combat command, and his reasons for relieving some generals while leaving others in place after underperformance. Many historians and contemporaries of Marshall, including General Omar N. Bradley, have commented on Marshall's ability to select brilliant, capable general officers for combat command in the war. However, in addition to solid performers like J. Lawton Collins, Lucian Truscott, and George S. Patton, Marshall, together with Dwight D. Eisenhower and Lesley J. McNair, often selected sub-par commanders who significantly underperformed on the battlefield. These generals' tactical and operational decisions frequently led to unnecessary casualties, and ultimately prolonged the war. The work considers six case studies: Lloyd Fredendall at Kasserine Pass, Mark Clark during the Italian campaign, John Lucas at Anzio, Omar Bradley at the Falaise Gap, Courtney Hodges at the Hürtgen Forest, and Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. at Okinawa. Personal connections and patronage played strong roles in these generals' command appointments, and often trumped practical considerations like command experience. While their superiors ultimately relieved corps commanders Fredendall and Lucas, field army and army group commanders Clark, Hodges, and Bradley retained command of their units, (Buckner died from combat wounds on Okinawa). Personal connections also strongly influenced the decision to retain the field army and army group commanders in their commands.
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