Bakgrund: Den kraftiga omorganiseringen som skedde inom hälso- och sjukvården på grund av covid-19 orsakade bland annat att operationspersonal förflyttades till andra avdelningar. Patienter som väntade på att genomgå elektiv operation drabbades då dessa ställdes in eller flyttades fram. Någon sammanställning av dessa patienters erfarenheter identifierades inte varpå en vetenskaplig kunskapslucka existerade. Syfte: Beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att få sin elektiva operation inställd eller framflyttad på grund av covid-19 pandemin. Metod: En integrativ litteraturöversikt med engelsk vetenskaplig litteratur som eftersöktes i databaserna PubMed, Scopus och CINAHL. Datan analyserades enligt en integrativ analysprocess som bestod av fyra steg. 13 artiklar inkluderades. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudteman “Komplicerad tid där livet påverkas och influeras av acceptans”, “Informationen från sjukvården påverkar erfarenheten” och “Förvärrade symtom och oro för långsiktiga konsekvenser” med totalt nio underteman. Slutsats: Erfarenheterna som framkom påverkades av mängden adekvat kommunikation och information från hälso- och sjukvården samt om denna var direkt eller indirekt. Patienternas bakomliggande sjukdom eller tillstånd var även avgörande för erfarenheterna. Bibehållen kontakt med patienter under förseningen var primärt då föreliggande studie visade att detta kunde minska oro och förbättra erfarenheten. / Background: The major reorganization that took place in healthcare due to covid-19 caused, among other things, the transfer of operating personnel to other departments. Patients waiting to undergo elective operation were affected when these were canceled or postponed. No compilation of these patients’ experiences was identified, therefore a scientific knowledge gap existed. Aim: Describe patients experiences of having their elective operation canceled or postponed due to the covid-19 pandemic. Method: An integrative literature review with English science literature were searched for in PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL databases. The data was analyzed according to an integrative analysis process consisted of four steps. 13 articles were included. Result: The analysis resulted in three main themes: “Complicated time where life is affected and influenced by acceptance”, “Information from healthcare affects the experience” and “Deteriorated symptoms and concern for long-term consequences” with a total of nine sub-themes. Conclusion: The experiences that emerged were influenced by the amount of adequate communication and information from healthcare and whether this was direct or indirect. The patients’ underlying illness or condition was also decisive for the experiences. Maintaining contact with the patients during the delay was primary as the present study showed that this could reduce anxiety and improve the experience.

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[pt] Em razão da pandemia provocada pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2, em 2020, deu-se um aumento significativo no uso de mídias e plataformas digitais em todos os setores de atividade humana, com destaque para o uso de plataformas controladas pelas empresas conhecidas pela sigla GAFAM (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple e Microsoft). Trata-se de empresas que, nos últimos anos, apresentam seus produtos e serviços com uma solução eficaz para problemas educacionais. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo examinar a expansão das empresas GAFAM na educação básica brasileira no ano de 2020, a partir de um estudo documental de cunho qualitativo. A dissertação traça um panorama das medidas tomadas pelas secretarias estaduais de educação durante a pandemia; analisa como se articularam as parcerias entre as secretarias e as empresas; identifica os atores envolvidos; e discute o conjunto de valores e ideias sustentam essa expansão. Para a análise e interpretação dos dados, realizou-se uma análise de conteúdo do tipo categorial temática. Os achados indicam que houve um fortalecimento das parcerias entre as secretarias e as empresas Google, Facebook e Microsoft, tendência que já estava em curso. Além disso, mostra a presença de outras iniciativas, a institucionalização dos produtos por meio de recomendações em documentos oficiais e, notadamente, uma ausência de debates públicos sobre a adoção desses serviços. Conclui que a infraestrutura oferecida por essas empresas está cada vez mais naturalizada, tornando urgente que se amplie a discussão sobre a apropriação e uso contínuo de dados produzidos em contextos educacionais. / [en] Due to the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in 2020, there was a significant increase in the use of digital media and platforms in all sectors of human activity, with emphasis on the use of platforms controlled by companies known as GAFAM (Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple and Microsoft). These are companies that, in recent years, have been promoting their products and services as an effective solution to educational problems. This dissertation aims to examine the expansion of GAFAM companies in Brazilian compulsory education in 2020. Based on a qualitative documentary study, the dissertation maps the measures taken by the State Departments of Education during the pandemic, analyses how the partnerships between the secretariats and these companies were articulated, identifies the actors involved and discusses the set of values and ideas that have been sustaining this expansion. For data analysis, a thematic categorical content analysis was performed. Findings indicate that there was a strengthening of partnerships between the secretariats and Google, Facebook and Microsoft, a trend that was already underway. In addition, it shows the presence of other initiatives, the institutionalization of products through recommendations in official documents and, notably, an absence of public debates on the adoption of these services. It concludes that the infrastructure offered by these companies is increasingly naturalized, making it urgent to expand the discussion on the appropriation and continuous use of data produced in educational contexts

Bakgrund: Organisatoriskt engagemang är ett begrepp som på senaste tiden har fått större plats i både forskning och i praktiken. I samband med covid-19-pandemin och upprättade restriktioner införde många organisationer distansarbete i någon utsträckning. Tidigare forskning om distansarbetets påverkan på medarbetarnas organisatoriska engagemang är tvetydig och har till stor del utförts med premissen att arbetssättet varit en valmöjlighet. Vid distansarbete i samband med covid-19-pandemin uppstår därmed en ny kontext för organisatoriskt engagemang. Det finns därmed anledning att undersöka hur medarbetare upplever att distansarbete i samband med covid-19-pandemin har påverkat deras upplevelser av organisatoriskt engagemang. Syfte: Studien syftar till att ge ökad förståelse för vad distansarbete innebär för organisatoriskt engagemang ur ett medarbetarperspektiv i samband med covid-19-pandemin på arbetsplatser där medarbetares förutsättningar för att interagera fysiskt med kollegor har förändrats under covid-19-pandemin. Metod: Denna studie utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Studien antar en fallstudiedesign samt abduktiv ansats. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat via semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex medarbetare från ett fallföretag. Slutsats: I studien framkommer det att medarbetarna upplever att flertalet aspekter har spelat in i hur deras organisatoriska engagemang har påverkats av distansarbete i samband med pandemin. Relationer är den aspekt som är mest framträdande i medarbetarnas utsagor, men även delaktighet, organisationskultur och organisationsstruktur har påverkat medarbetarnas organisatoriska engagemang. Medarbetarna upplever även att möjligheten till att arbeta på distans har en påverkan på deras organisatoriska engagemang och att denna påverkan har influerats av distansarbete i samband med pandemin. Aspekterna påverkar inte bara medarbetarnas organisatoriska engagemang enskilt utan är även i samspel med varandra. Ytterligare framgår det att interaktioner utgör en central del i samspelet mellan aspekterna. Studiens resultat visar på att helt ersätta fysiska interaktioner med digitala interaktioner har en negativ påverkan på medarbetarnas upplevelser av organisatoriskt engagemang vid distansarbete i samband med covid-19-pandemin. / Background: Organisational commitment is a concept that has gained popularity in both research and practice. During the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions that followed many organisations applied teleworking to some extent. Previous research on the effects of teleworking on coworkers’ organisational commitment is ambiguous and has mainly been conducted with the condition that teleworking was optional. Teleworking during the pandemic created a new context for organisational commitment. Accordingly, there is reason to study how coworkers experience of teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their experiences of organisational commitment. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gain new insight on what teleworking has meant for organisational commitment from a coworker perspective in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in workplaces where the conditions for the coworkers to interact with their colleagues physically has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study draws on a qualitative research strategy and a phenomenological perspective. The study is a case study and has an abductive approach. The empirical evidence was obtained through semi-structured interviews with six coworkers from one case company. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a multitude of aspects have affected the coworkers’ experiences of their organisational commitment in the context of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relationships is the most prominent aspect in the coworkers’ statements, but participation, organisational culture and organisational structure have also affected the coworkers’ experiences of organisational commitment. The coworkers also experience that the opportunity to telework has an effect on their organisational commitment and that this effect has been influenced by teleworking during the pandemic. The aspects do not only affect the coworkers’ organisational commitment separately but are also interactive. The study found that the aspects mostly interact through the interactions between coworkers. Furthermore the study illustrates that entirely replacing physical interactions with digital interactions has a negative effect on the coworkers’ experiences of organisational commitment in the context of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Trä har sedan länge varit ett av de viktigaste materialen vid husbyggnad i Sverige, mycket med tanke på den goda tillgång vi har på trävaror tack vare våra stora skogsytor. Men under 2020 och 2021 hände någonting på trämarknaden som gjorde att tillgången plötsligt inte var så stor längre, utan vi hamnade i en situation med brist i stället. Den här rapporten undersöker just den träbrist som uppstod 2020 och låg till grund för de stora prisökningar som upplevdes under åren 2020 och 2021. Vad var orsaken till dessa, och var någonstans i produktionskedjan uppstod problemen? För att ta reda på detta har undersökningsmetoden i rapporten bestått utav faktainsamling via de skrifter som redan publicerats, samt intervjuer med individer aktuella inom området. Det har intervjuats försäljningschefer på sågverk, säljare inom byggvaruhandelsektorn, samt personer verksamma i byggbolag. Intervjuer har skett i alla delar av marknadskedjan för att på så sätt kunna klargöra de olika aktörernas olika syn på problemet. Det resultat som rapporten presenterar är att coronapandemin var en starkt bidragande faktor till att efterfrågan på trävaror steg rekordartat. Många privatpersoner tvingades stanna hemma och tog då tillfället i akt att renovera och påbörja byggprojekt hemma. Även företag som drabbades hårt av pandemin och dess restriktioner, passade på att renovera och bygga om lokaler under tiden eftersom folk inte besökte dem på grund av restriktionerna. Denna kraftiga ökning i efterfrågan innebar ett stort tryck på sågverken som inte alls hann med att producera i den takt som de sålde. Detta resulterade i att sågverkens lager blev allt tunnare, och priserna steg allt mer. Rapporten beskriver även hur marknadsstrukturen för trävaror ser ut, och analyserar med hjälp av porters femkraftsmodell hur situationen ser ut. Slutsatserna blir då att marknaden är oerhört sårbar i och med den makt som sågverken sitter på, vilket blir speciellt märkbart under 2020 och 2021 då sågverken befann sig i en situation där allt de producerade blev sålt, och därmed kunde sätta vilka priser som helst. Vidare har trämarknaden en struktur som innebär att kunderna är låsta till sågverken och helt beroende av den prisnivå som de själva beslutar om. Sågverkens förhandlingssituation, brist på substitut till trä, brist på konkurrens av både befintliga och nya aktörer är alla faktorer som i allra högsta grad har påverkat och bidragit till den situation somupplevdes under åren 2020 och 2021. / Timber has been one of high importance when building houses in Sweden, due to the big supply generated by our large forest areas. But in 2020 and 2021we ended up in a situation with a shortage. This report examines the wood shortage that occurred in 2020 and was the foundation of the large price increases experienced in 2020 and 2021, causesand where problems arose in the supply chain? Previous findings was studied as well as interviews with individuals from the field, active in all parts of the market chain Findings state that the corona pandemic was a strong contributing factor to the record rise in demand for wood products resulting in s private and public projects to renovate and rebuild premises. This sharp increase in demand put pressure on the sawmills who were not able to produce at the rate they were selling. This resulted in prices rising more and more. The report also describes the market structure for wood products with Porter's five forces model. The market is extremely vulnerable due to the power that the sawmills have, accentuated by the situation in 2020 and 2021.

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No description available.

The pandemic hit the world at the end of 2019. Governments in various countries had introduced restrictions and recommendations. One of the recommendations that most countries had in common was to urge their people to get vaccinated against Covid-19. Based on the theories of Micheal Foucault, Ulrich Beck and Mary Douglas, we want to undertake the underlying motives of a minority to refrain from the Covid-19 vaccination.Through a hermeneutic methodological approach, we have chosen to use a qualitative approach to create an understanding of the respondents' answers.The results of the study give us a clearer picture of why a minority chooses not to take the vaccine against Covid 19. Their motives have helped us to understand how thoughts can go when the vaccination offered against covid-19 is only an offer but that you are still stigmatized. In summary, it can be concluded that the individuals who participated in the study saw risks associated with different phenomena, depending on the circumstances and occasions when they chose to see risks to their own or others' health. / Pandemin drabbade stora delar av världen i slutet av 2019. Regeringar i både drabbade och icke drabbade länder inför restriktioner och rekommendationer. En av rekommendationerna som de flesta länder hade gemensamt var att uppmana sin befolkning att vaccinera sig mot Covid-19. Med stöd av Michel Foucault, Ulrich Beck och Mary Douglas teorier vill vi förstå de bakomliggande motiv som en minoritet har till att avstå Covid-19 vaccinationen. Genom en hermeneutiskt metodansats har vi valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ tillvägagångssätt för att skapa en förståelse till respondenternas svar. Studiens resultat ger oss en klarare bild till varför en minoritet väljer att inte ta vaccinet mot Covid 19. Deras motiv har hjälpt oss att förstå hur tankarna kan gå när vaccinationen som erbjuds mot covid-19 endast är ett erbjudande men att man ändå blir stigmatiserad. Sammanfattningsvis kan man dra slutsatsen att de individer som deltog i studien såg risker förknippade med olika fenomen, beroende på de omständigheter och tillfällen då de valde att se risker för sin egen eller andras hälsa.

The pharmaceutical industry has received increasing attention from society in recent years, mainly due to the development of vaccines to counteract the spread of Covid-19. While other industries have received sympathy for delays, inconveniences, and difficulties the pressure towards the pharmaceutical industry to produce the vaccine against the virus has increased. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has left no one untouched, it has affected the global economy, increased the unemployment rate, reduced incomes, and resulted in disruption for transportation. The Covid-19 pandemic has also left its mark in the pharmaceutical industry. When lockdowns were implemented, it caused restrictions of in country and cross border movements, hampering the transportation and delivery of pharmaceutical suppliers, causing shortages or disruptions. This has resulted in an industry where unpredictability is constant, while still aspiring to provide stability and safe products for the patients through their projects. Even though the industry is known for working on projects, it is still immature in comparison to other industries, regarding project management knowledge, and therefore also knowledge about risk management. Generally, the pharmaceutical industry is hesitant towards risk and being cautious can be beneficial when managing risk. However, the pharmaceutical industry is dependent on innovation and development of new medicines which is often associated with taking risks.  The purpose of this thesis is to provide insights into the beginning stages of risk management for projects within the pharmaceutical industry, during the covid-19 pandemic in Sweden. The Swedish pharmaceutical industry has during 2020 broken new records regarding exports and increased the volume by ten percent whereas the general export in Sweden has decreased. This study explores pharmaceutical projects’ risk identification by interviewing eight active project members who have been a part of projects both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.  A qualitative method was chosen for this study, paired with grounded theory that has provided us with several implications for pharmaceutical projects and their risk identification. We have discovered indications for the structure of the risk identification process. This structure indicates four separate steps of the risk identification process. The first step is classifying risk, where cross-functionality plays an important role. Afterwards, the risk identification process enters the complex environment and continues to the second step. This step initiates the risk search - mixed approach, consisting of the individual and collective approaches towards risk search. Here, pharmaceutical projects can take guidance from stakeholders such as regulatory authorities. The third step is reaction which can be altered by unpredictable disruptions or governed by the stakeholders. In this case, the project re-assesses and returns to the second step risk search - mixed approach. However, if the reaction is not to re-assess, the process continues to the fourth step temporarily completed risk identification. Then, due to the long project lifespans, the project will ultimately return to the first step and repeat the risk identification process.  Our study contributes to new insights into pharmaceutical risk identification in several theoretical ways. Mainly, we have shown that contrary to previous theories, the pharmaceutical project risk identification entails the classifying of risks before the risk search. Additionally, our findings generate insights for practical purposes for project members and relevant stakeholders.

This master’s thesis aims to contribute to and extend the knowledge regarding the public library staff’s work with newly arrived during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Västerås, Sweden. This thesis is motivated by the increase of individuals who migrate to the city of Västerås and the high number of COVID cases that the city had in early 2022. Seven public library staff members from the city of Västerås were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The empirical data was analyzed with the help of a theoretical framework based on a conceptualization of integration combined with a model that serves to make visible the different functions of a public library. The study shows that the library staff experienced various challenges and found creative solutions while working with the newly arrived during the pandemic while still adhering to the restrictions. The most critical challenges experienced were the decreased communication between the library staff and the newly arrived visitors and the digital participation of the visitors. Solutions regarding the challenges were created to suit the visitors’ needs, such as new services, digital forums, and the possibility of booking a librarian for IT tasks. In conclusion, all study participants agreed that the pandemic had made their work with the newly arrived visitors more challenging. Still, they all expressed their work with the visitors as inspiring, even amid a pandemic.