The Swedish football supporter culture has for the past years been more recognized by the media. The phenomenom has been under debate since its increase in the beginning of the 1990’s. The purpose of this study was to examine how the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet, Expressen and Göteborgs-Posten framed the Swedish football supporter culture between the years 2016-2022. This timeline is examined during the quantitative content analysis and all of the examined newspaper has a history which contain articles regarding the subject. We chose to analyze the newspapers printed press since they, with the help of agenda setting, chooses what stories to publish. We also decided to research if there was a significant difference in the newspapers framing of our subject before, under and after the pandemic. To support the study we have used the framing theory and the agenda setting theory as theoretical frameworks. The results of the study accentuated that the examined newspapers often framed the Swedish football supporter culture in a negative maner. Despite the majority of the articles were neutral framed, there was a predominant amount of negative framed news compared to positive framed ones. However, the results concluded in this study shows that there was an anomaly in the results during the 2020 season. The framing of football supporter culture in the analyzed newspapers showed a more positive rather than negative framing of the culture during this particular period.

[pt] A presente dissertação, inserida na linha de pesquisa Trabalho, Políticas Sociais e Sujeitos Coletivos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Serviço Social (PUC-Rio), tem como objetivo apresentar a pesquisa sobre o trabalho dos(as) assistentes sociais na política de assistência social em tempos de pandemia da COVID-19, no município do Rio de Janeiro, no período de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2021, e enunciá-las considerando os rumos do capitalismo no século XXI. Nesse viés, serão analisados dados coletados de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com as assistentes sociais de treze (13), dos quatorze (14) Centros de Referência Especializados de Assistência Social (CREAS s) do município em questão, por meio de formulário com quinze (15) assistentes sociais trabalhadoras dos CREAS’s e dos dados sistematizados em materiais produzidos pela Comissão de Assistência Social do Conselho Regional de Serviço Social do Rio de Janeiro (CAS/CRESS 7ª. Região – RJ), com a finalidade de identificar as principais demandas e requisições profissionais do trabalho dos(as) assistentes sociais na política de assistência social, por meio das experiências apresentadas pelos(as) profissionais e analisar as competências e atribuições privativas dos(as) assistentes sociais, considerando a articulação entre as dimensões teórico-metodológica, ético-política e técnico-operativa da profissão com base na teoria marxista. / [en] The present dissertation, inserted in the line of research Work, Social Policies and Collective Subjects of the Postgraduate Program in Social Work (PUC-Rio), aims to present research on the work of social workers in politics of social assistance in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from March 2020 to December 2021, and enunciate them considering the directions of capitalism in the 21st century. In this bias, data collected from a qualitative research carried out with social workers from thirteen (13) of the fourteen (14) Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance (CREAS s) of the municipality in question will be analyzed, through a form with the fifteen (15) social workers working at CREAS s and the data systematized in materials produced by the Social Assistance Commission of the Regional Council of Social Service of Rio de Janeiro (CAS/CRESS 7th Region – RJ), in order to identify the main professional demands and requisitions of the work of social workers in the social assistance policy, through the experiences presented by the professionals and to analyze the competences and exclusive attributions of social workers, considering the articulation between the theoretical-methodological, ethical-political and technical-operative dimensions of the profession based on Marxist theory.

E-handeln har efter pandemins utbrott genomgått en starkt framträdande förändring inom den svenska dagligvaruhandeln. Livsmedel har i motsats till andra branschorganisationer inom detaljhandeln inte uppnått samma tillväxt och det påvisas ett tydligt mönster att dagligvaruhandeln är på väg mot samma förändring. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur konsumenternas upplevelser och beteendemönster har förändrats inom dagligvaruhandeln i Sverige. Restriktionerna uppmuntrade konsumenterna att tänka om och få dem att använda digitala plattformar. Studien grundar sig i en kvalitativ intervjustudie med respondenter som utför sin livsmedelshandel online. Litteraturöversikten bygger på litteratur som relaterar till ämnet samt begrepp som är relevanta till studien. Empirin har sedan analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk analysmetod. Målet är att undersöka konsumenternas positiva och negativa upplevelser sedan de började handla dagligvaror online. Från den insamlade empirin går det utläsa hur respondenterna har upplevt att byta från traditionella fysiska butiker till att handla online. Empirin påvisar att många av de tillfrågade tycker att det är smidigt, bekvämt, tidssparande med e-handel men även hur stor påverkan pandemin har haft på respondenternas konsumtionsmönster. / E-commerce has during the pandemic undergone a noticeable change in the Swedish grocery trade. In contrast to other industry organizations in the retail trade, groceries has not achieved the same growth and there is a clear pattern that the grocery trade is heading for the same change. The purpose of the study is to investigate how consumers' experiences and behavior patterns have changed within the grocery trade in Sweden. The restrictions encouraged consumers to rethink and make them use digital platforms. The study is based on a qualitative interview study with respondents who do their grocery trade online. The literature review is based on literature that relates to the subject as well as concepts that are relevant to the study. The experience has then been analyzed using a thematic analysis method. The aim is to investigate consumers' positive and negative experiences since they started shopping groceries online. From the collected empirical data, it is possible to deduce how the respondents have experienced switching from traditional physical stores to shopping online. The experience shows that many of the respondents think that e-commerce is smooth, convenient, time-saving, but also how much of an impact the pandemic has had on the respondents' consumption patterns.

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted many Swedish businesses to reconsider their survival techniques and the support they offer to societies in which they operate. The purpose of this study is to examine the COVID -19 responses practiced by four Swedish Companies (Essity, Volvo Group, ICA Gruppen, and Autoliv) to see what entrepreneurs can learn in the event of another pandemic. Furthermore, the study explores the different ways in which CSV and competitive advantage may be attained using the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative study based on secondary data analyzing information from company homepages, and annual and sustainability reports for the years 2020 and 2021 are the only ones used to provide systematic and comprehensive insights. The theoretical framework includes Archie Carroll’s pyramid which includes the legal, ethical, economic, and philanthropic responsibilities of the organization towards society, the stakeholder theory as well as the concept of creating Value Creation. The results show that Essity, Volvo Group, ICA Gruppen, and Autoliv responded differently to COVID-19 through philanthropic activities, commitment to ethical goals, upholding legal requirements, and maintaining business operations. And the ways in which they can contribute to value creation through these responses include enhanced employee relations, customer relations, innovation, collaborations, and government regulatory compliance. The study revealed that solving societal challenges is integral to guaranteeing that the organization can obtain an economic benefit for a long-term sustainability. When dealing with society in times of uncertainty, entrepreneurial innovations can be a source of future competitive advantage.

In January 2020 a new Coronavirus was identified, which gained momentum and wasclassified as a pandemic. The working methods of the district nurses were affected by a heavyload and a changed work environment with increased tasks. Aim: The purpose of the studywas to explore the district nurse’s experiences of caring for the elderly in home health care in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: A qualitative interview study with eight district nurses in home health care in northwestern Skåne. Manifest qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Results: Two main categories; changed work environment and changed way of working with six subcategories and quotes from informantsthat confirm the results. Conclusion: All district nurses highlight that this pandemic providedexperience and lessons for future pandemics that should be used for an improved workenvironment. They point out the importance of being more individuals who keep an eye onthe outside world to get information out in time. An improved knowledge of futurepandemics can lead to faster measures being carried out that reduce the burden of care. / I januari 2020 identifierades ett nytt Coronavirus som spreds snabbt över världen och klassades som en pandemi. Distriktssköterskornas arbetssätt påverkades med en ökad belastning och en förändrad arbetsmiljö med utökade arbetsuppgifter. Pandemin medförde psykiska påfrestningar i arbetet, med bristande information och rutiner. Syfte:Syftet med studien var att utforska distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av att vårda äldre i hemsjukvården i samband med Covid-19 pandemin. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med åtta distriktssköterskor inom hemsjukvården i nordvästra Skåne.Data analyserades med en manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier; förändrad arbetsmiljö och förändrat arbetssätt med sex subkategorier och citat från informanter som styrker resultatet. Slutsats: Samtligadistriktssköterskor belyser att denna pandemi har gett erfarenhet och lärdom förframtida pandemier som bör tas tillvara på för en förbättrad arbetsmiljö. Vidare påtalas vikten av att det finns en organisatorisk struktur vars ansvar är att bevaka omvärlden så att information ges i tid. En förbättrad kunskap till framtida pandemier kan leda till att snabbare åtgärder utförs som minskar vårdtyngden. Vidare forskning kan förslagsvis utgå från upplevelsen av vårdtagarens perspektiv under en pandemi eller vilka konsekvenser distriktssköterskans psykiska påfrestningar medfört

Данная работа включает изучение алгоритмов машинного обучения (регрессии и классификации) на примере данных открытых источников Covid-19. Исходные данные для исследования взяты с веб-сайта Европейский центр по профилактике и контролю заболеваний в формате CSV. Для решения задачи использовались библиотеки Pyton: pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib, Seaborn, Sklearn. В ходе исследования исследованы возможности библиотек и функций Python для предварительной обработки данных путем удаления NULL-полей и преобразования их в нулевые, а затем выполнен процесс извлечения данных с помощью библиотек и функций Python и то, как отображать информацию в различных формах в виде таблиц, графиков или временных рядов. Применение агломеративной кластеризации к данным, как показал график распределения, не позволило достаточно точно провести разбивку данных на группы. Использование алгоритма кластеризации BIRCH позволило более точно решить данную задачу. / Through the master's research, we will use the Covid-19 data file for the year 2020, and the Covid-19 data file for the year 2021 and early 2022 year The file is in (csv) format for all countries of the world to show cases of injuries and deaths. Through the study, we will show the ability of Python libraries and functions to pre-process data by removing NULL fields and converting them to zero and then the process of extracting data using Python libraries and functions and how to show information in different forms in the form of tables, charts or time series. Then we conclude the six most important libraries in the Python language that cannot be dispensed with in the process of data mining and the most important functions used. Algorithms: regression algorithm, classification algorithm, clustering algorithm. Evaluate the results between the work of these algorithms by showing the drawing of each algorithm and deduce the best algorithm in our work only.

A grade serves as the primary means of reporting feedback to teachers, students, and parents about the student's level of learning (Heflebower et al., 2014). Many schools have attempted to have teachers adopt standards-based grading, yet school leaders do not know teachers' perceptions about grades and grading. This quantitative study examines the perceptions of 1271 secondary teachers in one school district regarding grades and grading and how they may have changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collected from a survey reveals how changes in teacher perceptions about grades and grading may yield an opportunity for further standards-based grading reform. This study found that most teachers' consideration of grading practices remained the same when compared to pre-pandemic conditions. However, when they did change, it was generally in favor of positive movement towards standards-based grading principles and practices. It is anticipated that this study will help school leaders better understand teachers' perceptions of grades and grading practices as they attempt to transition to standards-based grading systems.

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Folgen der COVID-19-Pandemie und der damit verbundenen Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen dabei Kinder und Jugendliche zwischen 2 und 17 Jahren, die in Praxen von Fachärztinnen und Fachärzten für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin behandelt wurden. Ziel einer ersten Studie war es zu klären, ob und in welchem Umfang die Gruppe dieser jungen Patientinnen und Patienten in den pädiatrischen Praxen gegenüber einem präpandemischen Vergleichszeitraum häufiger unter Störungen mit ängstlicher oder depressiver Symptomatik litten. Als Vergleichszeitraum wurde hier April 2020 bis Dezember 2020 versus April 2019 bis Dezember 2019 gewählt. Der erste Ergebnisparameter war die Anzahl der Kinder und Jugendlichen mit den Diagnosen Depression (ICD-10: F32, F33) und Angststörung (ICD-10: F41) pro Praxis. Der zweite Ergebnisparameter der Studie war die Veränderung der Prävalenz von Depressions- und Angststörungsdiagnosen im Zeitraum April 2020-Dezember 2020 gegenüber April 2019-Dezember 2019 (Studie 1). In einer zweiten Studie wurden alle psychischen Störungen des Kapitels F des ICD-10 untersucht. Hier war ein längerer Vergleichszeitraum von 2018 bis 2021 möglich. 2018 und 2019 waren präpandemische Jahre und 2020 und 2021 wurden als pandemische Jahre eingestuft. Im Zentrum stand hier die Gesamtzahl der Patienten mit psychischen Störungen und die Anzahl von Patienten mit diesen Störungsbildern in den einzelnen Praxen (Studie 2). Die Ergebnisse der ersten Studie zeigten, dass die Anzahl der Kinder und Jugendlichen mit Depressions- und Angstdiagnosen pro Praxis im Zeitraum April 2020 bis Dezember 2020 im Vergleich zum gleichen Zeitraum 2019 zugenommen hatte (Angst: +9%, Depression: +12%). Der Anstieg war bei Mädchen deutlich größer als bei Jungen (Angst: +13% vs. +5%; Depression +19% vs. +1%). Die Prävalenz der Angststörung stieg von 0,31% auf 0,59% (p<0,001), die der Depression von 0,23% auf 0,47% (p<0,001). Die größten Anstiege wurden bei Mädchen beobachtet (Angst von 0,35% auf 0,72% (+106%, p<0,001), Depression von 0,28% auf 0,72% (+132%, p<0,001) (Studie 1). In der Folgestudie zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass in den Pandemiejahren 2020 und 2021 im Vergleich zu den beiden Vorjahren signifikant mehr psychische Störungen diagnostiziert (chi2 p<0,001) wurden. Ein Anstieg von 2018 zu 2021 wurde besonders bei affektiven Störungen deutlich. Allerdings war die Zunahme der Anzahl dieser Patienten in der einzelnen Praxis mit einer durchschnittlichen Zunahme von 7 Patienten pro Praxis im Jahr sehr gering und war vermutlich für die einzelne Ärztin oder den einzelnen Arzt kaum wahrnehmbar (Studie 2). Während in der ersten Studie für einen kürzeren Zeitraum von 9 Monaten gezeigt wurde, dass die Zahl der pädiatrischen Diagnosen von Depressionen und Angststörungen im Pandemiejahr 2020 im Vergleich zum Vorjahr zugenommen hatte, konnte in der zweiten Studie für einen Zweijahreszeitraum belegt werden, dass die Summe aller psychischen Störungen des Kapitels F der ICD 10 zugenommen hatte. Beide Studienergebnisse weisen auf die Chance hin, dass wenige standardisierte Fragen zur psychischen Gesundheit z. B. in die pädiatrischen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen implementiert werden können, um ungedeckte Bedarfssituationen im Hinblick auf die psychische Gesundheit besser wahrzunehmen.:1. Einleitung 1 1.1. Hintergrund 1 1.2. Fragestellungen 2 1.3. Methoden 3 2. Publikationen 5 2.1. Zunahme von Depressions- und Angststörungsdiagnosen während der Covid-19-Pandemie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen 5 2.2. Psychische Störungen in deutschen pädiatrischen Praxen vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie 14 3. Diskussion 19 4. Schlussfolgerungen, Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis 23 5. Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 25 5.1. Zusammenfassung 25 5.2. Studienziele 25 5.3. Ergebnisse 26 5.4. Schlussfolgerung 27 5.5. Implikationen für die weitere Forschung 27 6. Literaturverzeichnis 28 7. Anlagen 34 7.1. Darstellung des eigenen Beitrages 34 7.2. Selbstständigkeitserklärung 38 7.3. Lebenslauf 39 7.4. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen 40 7.5. Danksagung 42

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as consequências do contexto de pandemia da COVID-19 para o acompanhamento realizado no Serviço de Proteção Social a Adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa em meio aberto no SUAS do município de Niterói/RJ. O estudo contextualiza o percurso histórico das ações voltadas à crianças e adolescentes para compreensão das tendências presentes na atualidade tendo como foco o contexto em se encontram adolescentes autores de ato infracional, problematizando as violações de direitos que aflige este grupo e as contradições diante dos direitos assegurados desde a promulgação do ECA. A análise se centra sobretudo no trabalho desenvolvido nas medidas socioeducativas considerando os desafios para a execução da socioeducação em tempos de pandemia e a consequente intensificação da precarização do trabalho no âmbito do SUAS. A análise conta com a entrevista estruturada com os profissionais que estiveram na linha de frente no acompanhamento de Liberdade Assistida (LA) e Prestação de Serviço à Comunidade (PSC) apontando importantes reflexões acerca da execução da socioeducação, da violência na sociedade capitalista e das limitações impostas pela conjuntura pandêmica, considerando também a dinâmica estrutural das violações de direitos de adolescentes autores de ato infracional. / [en] This research aims to analyze the consequences of the context of the COVID-19 pandemic for the follow-up carried out at the Social Protection Service for Adolescents in compliance with a socio-educational measure in an open environment at SUAS in the municipality of Niterói/RJ. The study contextualizes the historical course of actions aimed at children and adolescents in order to understand current trends, focusing on the context in which adolescents who commit offenses are found, problematizing the violations of rights that afflict this group and the contradictions in the face of rights guaranteed since the enactment of the ECA. The analysis focuses mainly on the work carried out in socio-educational measures, considering the challenges for implementing socio-education in times of a pandemic and the consequent intensification of precarious work within the scope of SUAS. The analysis relies on a structured interview with professionals who were at the forefront of monitoring Assisted Freedom (LA) and Community Service Provision (PSC), pointing out important reflections on the implementation of socio-education, violence in capitalist society and the limitations imposed by the pandemic situation, also considering the structural dynamics of violations of rights of adolescent perpetrators of infractions.

Bakgrund: I Mars 2020 infördes restriktioner i samhället på grund av covid-19 pandemin och detta påverkade distriktssköterskors arbete med förlossningsdepression. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av arbetet med förlossningsdepression hos nyblivna mödrar under covid-19 pandemin. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med tio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dataanalysen utfördes med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två kategorier; förändrat arbetssätt och ökad arbetsbelastning samt underkategorierna screening, digitala och fysiska bedömningar, förändrat teamarbete, ökad psykisk ohälsa hos mödrarna och ökat stödbehov hos mödrarna. Konklusion: Arbetet med förlossningsdepression upprätthölls av samtliga distriktssköterskor. Arbetet såg dock olika ut beroende på förutsättningar som fanns och för att få en mer likvärdig vård för denna patientgrupp, om en ny pandemi uppstår, behöver gemensamma riktlinjer upprättas. Studien kan användas i sjuksköterskors specialistutbildningar för att uppmärksamma ämnet och förbättra vården för nyblivna mödrar. Bibehåller mödrar sin hälsa kan de i sin tur ge barnen en trygg uppväxt. Vidare forskning kan inriktas på hur teamet kring distriktssköterskan påverkar arbetet med förlossningsdepression. / Background: In March 2020, restrictions were introduced in society due to the covid-19 pandemic and this affected district nurses who working with postpartum depression. Purpose: The purpose of the studies was to describe district nurses´ experiences of working with postpartum depression in new mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A qualitative interview study with ten semistructured interviews. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: In the results, two categories emerged; changed working methods and increased workload as well as the subcategories screening, digital and physical assessments, changed teamwork, increased mental illness among the mothers andincreased need for support among the mothers. Conclusion: The work with postpartum depression was maintained by all district nurses. However, the work differed depending on the conditions that existed, and to achieve more equal care for this patient group, if a new pandemic occurs, common guidelines need to be established. The study can be used in nurses' specialist training to draw attention to the subject and improve care for new mothers. If mothers maintain their health, they can, in turn, give their children a safe upbringing. Further research can focus on how the district nurse team affects the work with postpartum depression.