The dissertation offers two main topics: To the first an empirical study of the structures of development of juvenile delinquency and to the second an educational concept for interventiones at juvenile deliquency, enriched by practical experiencies and that empirical study. With that a contribution to the pedagogical crimonology should be given. An essential part of the dissertation represents a qualitative longitudinal study. Investigated are the ways of young persons into deliquency and how they succeed in coming back to a conformable style of life. A main attention is directed on typical patterns of treatments and copings of the young persons. Four youthfull action-types are discovered. The episodes of juvenile deliquency turn out differently in dependence to the respective action-type. Both the motives for the deliquent behavior and the ones to refrain from such behavior are mainly determined by the action-types. Corresponding differences can also be shown in regard to the typical reaction manners on interventions and in regard to the acceptance and the effect of supports. The reference to the deliquent behavior might be therefore not arbitrary. Following Nohl and Bönisch the importance and effectiveness of the pedagocical reference and pedagogical relation are emphasized. The manifestation of deliquency can be counteracted with an appropriate pedagogical intervention. These considerations lead to conceptional and methodilogical derivations for the practice of interventions. The intervention-paradox and the necessary differentiation between person and offence are also taken in consideration. / Die Dissertation leistet zweierlei: Zum einen eine empirische Studie zu den Verlaufsstrukturen von Jugenddelinquenz und zum anderen ein aus Praxiserfahrungen und durch die empirische Studie bereichertes pädagogisches Interventionskonzept bei Jugenddelinquenz. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur pädagogischen Kriminologie geleistet werden. Das Kernstück stellt eine qualitative Längsschnittstudie dar. Untersucht werden die Wege junger Menschen in die Delinquenz und wie es ihnen gelingt, in ein konformes Leben zurückzukehren. Ein Hauptaugenmerk richtet sich dabei auf typische Verarbeitungs- und Bewältigungsmuster der Jugendlichen. Dabei lassen sich vier jugendliche Handlungstypen vorfinden. Die Episoden der Jugenddelinquenz gestalten sich in Abhängigkeit zu den jeweiligen Handlungstypen unterschiedlich. Sowohl die Motive für das delinquente Handeln als auch die Beweggründe, von diesem wieder Abstand zu nehmen, werden maßgeblich vom Handlungstyp bestimmt. Entsprechende Unterschiede können auch für die typischen Reaktionsweisen auf Interventionen und für die Akzeptanz und die Auswirkungen von Unterstützungen aufgezeigt werden. Die Bezugnahme auf das delinquente Verhalten darf also nicht beliebig sein. Im Anschluß an Nohl und Böhnisch wird die Wichtigkeit und Verhaltenswirksamkeit des pädagogischen Bezuges und der pädagogischen Beziehung hervorgehoben. Der Verfestigung der Delinquenz kann mit einer angemessenen pädagogischen Intervention entgegengewirkt werden. Diese Überlegungen münden in konzeptionelle und methodische Ableitungen für die Interventionspraxis. Betrachtet wird das Interventionsparadox und die notwendige Trennung zwischen Person und Delikt.

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary embolism (PE) are responsible for over 900,000 cases and 100,000 deaths each year in the US. Direct fibrinolytic agents such as plasmin are being investigated for their treatment. However, plasmin administration is not widely studied as low plasmin concentrations are rapidly inactivated by antiplasmin in vivo, whereas high plasmin doses would deplete endogenous antiplasmin and impose bleeding risks. Thus, a plasmin delivery system that can achieve efficient clot lysis while minimizing inactivation by antiplasmin and has reduced bleeding risks is needed. To address this, we propose using reversible inhibitors of plasmin that can sequester plasmin from antiplasmin and release it on the surface of a fibrin clot to achieve clot lysis. The inhibition must be tuned such that it is strong enough to protect plasmin from antiplasmin and weak enough to release plasmin at the clot for lysis. To achieve this, we utilize principles of multivalency to synthesize three classes of inhibitors with varying potencies and mechanisms of inhibition: (i) Multivalent benzamidines (ii) Multivalent tranexamic acids (TXA), and (iii) Hetero-multivalent inhibitors having both benzamidine and TXA. Benzamidine is a competitive inhibitor of plasmin’s active site. TXA, on the other hand, is an FDA-approved weak active site inhibitor that is primarily used to disrupt plasmin(ogen) from binding to fibrin on the clot by inhibiting plasmin’s kringle domains. Multivalent inhibitors were synthesized using amine-reactive chemistry, purified using RP-HPLC and confirmed with Mass Spectrometry. Inhibition assays were performed to assess inhibition potency by determining Ki values (inhibition constants). Lower Ki values indicate stronger inhibition. With multivalent benzamidine derivatives, it was observed that changing valency and linker length substantially impacted inhibition and resulted in Ki values ranging from 2.1 to 1,395 μM. Inhibitors of higher valencies and shorter linker lengths exhibited stronger inhibition. Multivalent TXAs of valencies 1 to 16 were also tested and they exhibited Ki values varying from 2.5 to 21,370 μM indicating up to 8,548-fold improvement in inhibition due to valency. It was found that monovalent TXA, primarily a kringle inhibitor, can be converted into a stronger active site inhibitor by multivalency. With hetero-bivalent TXA-dPEG36-AMB, simultaneous binding of benzamidine to the active site and TXA to the kringle domains was achieved to attain improved inhibition. These results indicate that multivalency can significantly alter the potency of inhibitors and can modulate plasmin inhibition for drug delivery.</p>

This study provides an orientation towards coping with stress management through salutogenic functioning. Six constructs, namely, sense of coherence, hardiness, self-efficacy, potency, learned resourcefulness and locus of control, were studied as it manifest amongst random sampled university administrative staff. The literature review focused on salutogenic functioning, coping and stress, integrated in the salutogenic personality profile. The results from the research revealed positive correlations between external locus of control and self-efficacy and meaningfulness, autonomy and self control, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, challenge and meaningfulness. Negative correlations existed between autonomy and self-efficacy and comprehensibility, potency and all locus of control dimensions, males and females differed in their self control and external control, black africans had the lowest score on external control, and there was no relationship between age and the constructs. Conclusions and recommendations were made regarding the optimisation of salutogenic functioning among university administrative staff. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The objective of this exploratory study was to conceptualise the constructs of psychological optimality in order to derive a definition of the concept and to compile a personality profile of the psychologically optimal individual. A sample of 200 employees in a large electricity utility were randomly selected. A psychometric battery comprising seven questionnaires was compiled and administered. The empirical investigation revealed four factors as indicative of psychological optimality. The factors comprise lntrapersonal dimensions, namely successful coping in stressful situations, an internal locus of control, and Interpersonal dimensions, namely interpersonal sensitivity and a commitment to society. It seems that work behaviour would be largely determined by the intra- and interpersonal behaviours. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

This study provides an orientation towards coping with stress management through salutogenic functioning. Six constructs, namely, sense of coherence, hardiness, self-efficacy, potency, learned resourcefulness and locus of control, were studied as it manifest amongst random sampled university administrative staff. The literature review focused on salutogenic functioning, coping and stress, integrated in the salutogenic personality profile. The results from the research revealed positive correlations between external locus of control and self-efficacy and meaningfulness, autonomy and self control, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, challenge and meaningfulness. Negative correlations existed between autonomy and self-efficacy and comprehensibility, potency and all locus of control dimensions, males and females differed in their self control and external control, black africans had the lowest score on external control, and there was no relationship between age and the constructs. Conclusions and recommendations were made regarding the optimisation of salutogenic functioning among university administrative staff. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The objective of this exploratory study was to conceptualise the constructs of psychological optimality in order to derive a definition of the concept and to compile a personality profile of the psychologically optimal individual. A sample of 200 employees in a large electricity utility were randomly selected. A psychometric battery comprising seven questionnaires was compiled and administered. The empirical investigation revealed four factors as indicative of psychological optimality. The factors comprise lntrapersonal dimensions, namely successful coping in stressful situations, an internal locus of control, and Interpersonal dimensions, namely interpersonal sensitivity and a commitment to society. It seems that work behaviour would be largely determined by the intra- and interpersonal behaviours. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

La recherche porte sur l’analyse de la fabrication du leader et du leadership et vise à comprendre les étapes organisationnelles permettant de développer ce processus. Leader et leadership ont été abondamment traités en sciences de gestion. L’avènement d’un nouvel environnement, obligeant les organisations à se transformer, en a fait un enjeu stratégique. Celui-ci a conduit à l’émergence d’un nouveau paradigme depuis 2000. Ce nouveau courant s’appuie sur un renouvellement des études empiriques, une approche plus ouverte et des disciplines variées (psychologie, mathématiques et neurosciences). Ses apports structurent les études autour de deux axes clés : la distinction entre leader et leadership et la capacité d’une organisation à fabriquer ces attributs chez l’individu. Notre recherche s’inscrit dans ce paradigme avec une idée force : ce type de fabrication passe par des processus de transformation, notamment identitaires, qu’il convient, pour les entreprises, d’explorer davantage et de manière plus dynamique. Le dispositif mis en place établit une grille d’analyse mobilisant différents courants de recherche afin d’améliorer la compréhension de la fabrication du leader et du leadership. Ce cadre souligne les effets produits par, et sur, trois principaux champs contextuels : individu (Hughes), organisation (Giddens) et environnement (Emery et Trist). Il fait l’objet d’une transposition originale en sciences de gestion qui souligne la plasticité identitaire individuelle et la récursivité du phénomène étudié. L’analyse empirique s’appuie sur une étude de cas multiple de trois grandes organisations qui partagent une pratique managériale volontariste de développement du leader et du leadership, dont l’institution militaire, berceau de ces notions. Les conclusions soulignent l’existence d’un processus de co-création du leader et du leadership, fruit d’interactions entre environnement, organisation et individu. Ces flux transformatifs vivants répondent à ce qui est théorisé comme un agencement inter-contextuel et conduit à des préconisations managériales structurant la fabrication du leader et du leadership. / The research focuses on the analysis of the making of a leader and of leadership and aims at understanding the steps that allow large organizations to develop this process.Leader and leadership have been extensively discussed in management sciences. With the rise of a new environment requiring organizations to transform themselves, these notions have become a strategic challenge. This challenge has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of leadership in management sciences since the 2000s. This new stream, particularly embodied by the work of David Day (2000), is based on a renewal of empirical studies and on an approach more open to various disciplines such as psychology, mathematics and neuroscience. That current has contributed to the structuring of the field of studies on leader and leadership. Research increasingly focuses on the essential distinction between leader and leadership and on the organizations’ role in the making of these attributes within the individual. Our research fits into this paradigm by adding one idea: this type of making involves multiple transformation processes, including identity dimensions, which companies ought to explore more actively.The purpose of the research design is to establish an analytical framework that mobilizes different streams of research in order to help understand the making of a leader and of leadership. This framework will highlight the effects of, and on, three main contextual fields: the individual (Hughes), the organization (Giddens)and the environment (Emery and Trist). This is the subject of an original transposition in management sciences which puts the emphasis on the individual identity plasticity (Hughes) and recursivity of the phenomenon. The empirical analysis will be based on the multiple case study of three major organizations that share a proactive management of leader and leadership development, including the Army, the birthplace of such notions. The findings point out the existence of a process of co-creation of a leader and leadership, which is the result of interactions between the environment, the organization and the individual. These transformative live flows are theorised as an inter-context assemblage. This will lead to managerial recommendations for enabling the making of a leader and the leadership.

The question the researcher set out to answer during this research is: How is a caring concern maintained by the (student nurse) as caregiver? It stemmed from unresolved plausible hypotheses stated during a previous qualitative study into the phenomenon caring, from media reports on the "poor care" rendered in health institutions in South Africa, and a concern about the Tylerian rationale in nursing education. The theory generation required was achieved through Wertz's Empirical Psychological Reflection and existential phenomenology. Heidegger's theory of"Care as the essence of being" constituted a central concept in this research. A linguistic epistemology and expanded definition of the term empirical were also pertinent in this research. The literature review focussed on the methodology, ontology (caring and maintenance) and epistemology, serving a purpose towards bracketing. A purposive sample of informants was extracted according to students' performance on the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). Sixteen qualitative research interviews were conducted. Analysis was conducted through open coding, categorisation and axial coding. At the idiographic level, twelve individual psychological profiles were constructed serving the purpose of imaginative variation. At the nomothetic level four major themes emerged, namely: The Caring Phenomenon (Contextualisation); Factors Eroding a Caring Concern; Factors in the Maintenance of a Caring Concern; and Core Experiences. The dialogue among the four intra-psychic processes of Care, will, meaning attribution and conscience accounts for all events encountered in the data. This dialogue results in either reason or intuition, displaying caring and the maintenance of a caring concern. Positing will and conscience as thesis and antithesis, the resulting synthesis postulates the basic ethical concepts of autonomy, authority, responsibility and accountability as existentially inherent to being and existence, and to the maintenance of a caring concern. The final manifestation of the object ofintention, maintenance, is proposed as an anthropological model. When extended to the fields of (nursing) education, human motivation and the teaching of (nursing) ethics, emotional intelligence, social intelligence, the self-science curriculum and life-skills training become imperative to (nursing) curricula. It is also proposed that human caring be studied as a manifestation of human motivation. / Health Studies / D. Litt et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)

No description available.

The health of the environment is integral to the health and wellbeing of the people. When the balance between Atua, whenua and tangata is disrupted, desecrated, disturbed or violated, it can have a detrimental impact on these relationships. This research study explored alternative indigenous paradigms for conceptualizing an environmental health framework that would improve the potency and health of all living things. A key question of the research study was to explore how Ngati Kuri sought to strengthen their relationship and connection with the natural world. The Hapu established Te Tai O Marokura health and social services as a vehicle to improve potency: healthy environments, healthy people. The specificity of Ngati Kuri experiences provided a broader context for researching and theorizing about restorative models that utilized traditional knowledge localized to a particular area. Another key question was to examine how Maori cultural values that were embedded within a worldview, could offer insights and constructs for new ways of being and thinking in the modern world. Kaupapa Maori philosophical positioning and theorizing informed the approaches and practices underpinning the study. The key aspects of the methodology were constructed around the tikanga principles of tinorangatiratanga, whakapapa and kaitiakitanga to provide a rationale for the collaboration formed with the Hapu. At the heart of the thesis is the validity given to the collective ownership of indigenous knowledge which challenges the fictional notion of a singular, temporally bound authorship. The thesis reflects the whakawhanaungatanga (reciprocal understanding) relationship between the Tuakana represented by Miriama Kahu and the Teina, Benita Wakefield working collaboratively with the Kaitiaki construct group formed to ensure that the use of indigenous knowledge and its transmission processes had honest transparency. The Tuakana was responsible for providing guidance, wisdom and mentoring to the Teina, the enrolled academic student responsible for producing the written thesis. These innovative collaborative Kaupapa Maori methods and practices in the study have tested the boundaries of conventional doctoral processes, breaking university academic regulations and challenging the western academy in the political nature of collective knowledge production and validity of indigenous knowledge. Qualitative and quantitative processes, approaches and methods were also utilized to inform the study and to ensure reflexivity of research practices. The key findings of the study were: • Improving potency requires a depth of intimacy and connection with all living things that involves a reciprocal understanding of the relationship between Atua, whenua and tangata. • Indigenous knowledge is localized to a spatial area and embedded within a worldview that validates and affirms cultural values and beliefs which continue to have relevance in more contemporary times. • The transformative nature of alternative indigenous paradigms must encompass the totality of creation, humanity and their genealogical and inter-generational linkages to all life. A major contribution of this PhD has been to create new knowledge, ways of thinking and meaning for restoring potency through the environmental health conceptual framework grounded in cultural and spiritual values. The specific focus on Ngati Kuri traditional knowledge authentic to the Hapu and their application, has significantly contributed towards constructing alternative indigenous approaches for meeting the challenges within the modern world.