À luz da teoria interacionista do desvio esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar as representações de psicóloga(o)s que trabalham em CAPSad em relação ao uso de álcool e outras drogas. Partimos da hipótese de que as psicóloga(o)scontratadas na instituição teriam como representação o uso abusivo de drogas como comportamento desviante e o usuário como doente. O método de pesquisa escolhido foi entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em quatro CAPSad. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas partes, sendo a primeira delas realizada como projeto piloto em um município que contava apenas com aquela unidade e teve a participação de duas psicóloga(o)s e a segunda realizada em três unidades do CAPSad numa mesma região na cidade de São Paulo que teve como participação cinco psicóloga(o)s. Para levantamento destas representações consideramos as políticas de saúde mental na área de álcool e outras drogas, a influência da Reforma Psiquiátrica e o Conceito de redução de danos, além da história das drogas e do proibicionismo no Brasil e no mundo / Through the deviance interactionist theory this research aims to study the representation of CAPSad psychologists regarding the use of alcohol and other drugs. We set out the hypothesis that the psychologists contracted in the institution would have representation the abusive use of drugs such as deviant behavior and the user as a sick. The method chosen was semi-structured interviews carried out in four CAPSad. The survey was divided into two parts, the first of them performed as a pilot project in a city that there is only one unit and had the participation of two psychologists and the second held in three CAPSad units in the same region in the city of São Paulo that had the participation of five psychologists. To identify these representations we consider mental health policies in the area of alcohol and other drugs, the influence of the psychiatric reform and the concept of harm reduction, beyond the story of drugs and the prohibition in Brazil and in the world

Idag är smartphonen ett redskap och verktyg som vi använder oss av varje dag. Smartphones används till allt möjligt, allt ifrån att ringa samtal till att dela med oss av våra liv via sociala medier till att spela spel. Smartphonen är utan tvekan en viktig del av våra liv och kommer förmodligen inte bli mindre viktig med tiden.   Nu har en skola gått ut och öppet sagt att de förbjuder smartphones under lektionstid. Med motiveringen att eleverna blir för stressade av sin smartphone. Detta är ett stort steg att ta och frågan är om det är rätt beslut. Syftet med denna studie är att utforska och beskriva vilka argument som ligger bakom att skolor väljer att förbjuda smartphones på lektionstid.     För att göra det möjligt för oss att besvara syftet har vi använt oss av en deduktiv ansats och en kvalitativ datainsamling som består av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys på svensk dagspress och personintervjuer.   Resultatet av denna studie visar att åsikterna kring mobilförbud skiljer sig både bland respondenterna men även i den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen. Lärare hanterar mobilförbud olika och åsikterna kring detta är delade. En slutsats som tas upp är att idag är det upp till lärarna själva att bestämma hur de vill göra i sitt klassrum, men att centrala riktlinjer behöver bestämmas.   Nyckelord: Mobilförbud, Smartphone beroende, Skola, Smartphones i vardagen, Smartphones i skolan. / Smartphones is a tool that we use everyday. Smartphones is being used for all kinds of different things, from making calls, to sharing our lives thru social media, to playing games. Smartphones is a without a doubt an important part of our lives and it´s not likely to become any less important.   Now a school has openly released a statement that says they are prohibiting smartphones during classes. With the argument that the students becomes to stressed by their smartphone. This is a big step to take and the question is if it´s the right decision. The purpose of this study is to examine and describe what the underlying arguments are for the school to forbid smartphones during classes.   To make it possible for us to achive the purpose of this study we have choosen to use an deductive approach and a qualitative method for gathering our data. An qualitaitve content analysis on swedish daily press and personal interviews are the methods that have been conducted.   The result of this study shows that the views regarding smartphone ban is different both among the respondants, but also in the qualitative content analysis. Teachers handle smartphone ban different and the views regarding this are different. One conclusion which is brought up is that it´s up to the teachers themselfs to decide how they want to handle their classroom, but central guidelines will need to be decided.   Keywords: Mobile phone prohibition, Smartphone addiction, School, Smartphones in everyday life, Smarthpones in school.

Magister Legum - LLM / In this thesis, the study examines the factors that are believed to be instrumental in this trade imbalance between the European Union and the developing world in the agricultural sector. The study focuses on the main reason for the existence of this imbalance which is the continued use of export subsidies by the European Union. The discussion attempts to highlight the inadequacies which exist in the current trade relationship between the European Union and developing nations , in particular South Africa with regard to agricultural produce. / South Africa

This diploma thesis is focused on comparison of two political approaches to a quite new e-commerce industry -- internet gambling. These approaches are prohibition on the one hand and regulation, free market environment, on the other hand. Internet gambling became the worldwide phenomenon. However, American legislators had passed the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act 2006 in 2006 which outlawed an internet gambling. The declared purpose of this Act is protection of families against ill effects, such money laundering, underage gambling and problem gambling on society. This paper argues that regulation and free market environment established in Great Britain is much more effective way how to solve these key issues. There is demonstrated in the paper that free market stands for economically preferable option and contains better instruments for solving the issues at the same time.

This diploma thesis compares the profits and costs of the prohibition adopted in the Czech Republic during September 2012. The prohibition that lasted two weeks was a reaction of the Czech government on series of intoxication due to the proof of toxic methanol. The thesis detects, based on the comparison of the value of saved lives and costs that the prohibition cause, the effectivity of the government interference on the market oriented economy. The profits of the prohibition are defined as a value of saved lives of people, who would die because of the intoxication if the prohibition would not be adopted. The value of the human life is defined by DALY (disability-adjusted life years), the willingness to pay for prolongation of own life and the amount of potential juridical refunds. The costs of the prohibition are formulated as a value of unsold goods and services. Diploma thesis considers also impact of prohibition on tax collection. We can state that, based on the cost-benefit analysis, the adopted prohibition was economically effective.

The following pages are an attempt to examine the importance of the content in a job listing in relation to the prohibition of discrimination. Furthermore, to compare legislations of the private and public sector in Sweden. The effect The European Union and other international regulations have on the way Sweden regulate job listings will also be discussed. As there is a large number of factors affecting the content in a job listing, this paper will also examine the law-oriented contribution from the European Court of Justice and the Swedish Labour Court. The premise is that a Swedish employer within the private and public sector can hire whoever they want, however there are some restrictions. For instance, the prohibition on discrimination and affirmative action. Other subjects in this area that will be discussed are direct and indirect discrimination, specific requirements in a job listing, factual basis in the recruitment process, the principle of objectivity and the legality principle. The employer’s requirements for active measures will also be addressed.

Master thesis analyzes two NATO Member States, the Netherlands and Norway, and their approach to the Treaty on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) which was signed on 7 July 2017. Both countries decided not to support the TPNW by either voting against it or abstaining from the negotiations. Research aims to explain why some countries refuse to ban nuclear weapons and what factors influenced the positions of the States on the TPNW. For this purpose, a model-based approach with three models (security, domestic and norm model) developed by Scott Sagan is being applied in each case. These models reflect three international relations theories: neo-realism, liberal institutionalism and constructivism. The security model takes into consideration the security environment that a state is in, whether regionally or globally. It considers security threats to be the fundamental cause of nuclear proliferation. The second model focuses on the domestic actors who encourage or discourage governments from pursuing the bomb, public society and domestic institutions. The last model examines the norms which prevail in the society and form state identity of the State. Based on these three different levels of analysis, the thesis explains what factors were critical in formulating the Dutch and Norwegian positions on...

Orientador: Elisabete Maniglia / Resumo: A pecuária representa uma das indústrias mais ambientalmente degradantes que existem. No entanto, possuidora de forte poder político enraizado na herança agrária brasileira, a atividade resiste a mudanças e busca constante expansão, com apoio do Poder Público, que não procura implementar políticas públicas mitigadoras de danos. Neste ínterim, o movimento pela consideração dos animais como sujeitos de direitos apenas cresce, e as denúncias de crueldade para com os animais se multiplicam. Em face de denúncias preocupantes por parte de agências internacionais quanto à crise ambiental, o presente trabalho busca investigar se a pecuária efetivamente atinge os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável, respeitando a vedação constitucional da crueldade para com animais. Para ilustrar o debate, foram realizados dois estudos de caso: o primeiro referente à exportação de animais vivos por via marítima e o segundo relativo à Operação Carne Fraca, que expôs uma organização criminosa em torno da adulteração de alimentos e fraudes no processo de segurança sanitária. Para tal, este trabalho se valeu dos métodos de abordagem indutivo e dedutivo, e elegeu como principal método de procedimento o histórico-evolutivo, acompanhando a evolução da moral e da legislação quanto ao meio ambiente, à agropecuária e aos animais. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, com base em material nacional e internacional, e na legislação brasileira correlata. Quanto aos estudos de caso, foram ana... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Livestock represents one of the most environmentally degrading industries in the world. However, with its political power deriving from Brazil’s agrarian heritage, the industry resists change and seeks constant expansion, with support from Government, which doesn’t seek to implement mitigating public policies. Meanwhile, the movement for the consideration of animals as rights holders grows, and reports of animal cruelty in the sector only increase. In light of worrisome data released by international agencies, this dissertation seeks to investigate wether the livestock industry really contibutes to sustainable development, respecting the prohibition of animal cruelty. In order to illustrate the debate, two case studies were done: the first one regarding live export ships and the second one in relation to Operation “Carne Fraca”, which exposed a criminal organization around the adulteration of foods and fraud in the process of health security. In order to achieve those goals, this paper has utilized inductive and deductive methods, and elected as main procedural method the historic-evolutionary analysis, following moral and legislative evolution in regards to the environment and animals. Bibliographic and documentary research took place, based on national and international material, and brazilian legislation. As for the case studies, inquiries and lawsuits were analyzies, in order to illustrate the theoretical debate. It was concluded that livestock has mainly negative effects... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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[pt] Cuida-se de dissertação de mestrado sobre a proibição da discriminação genética à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, com base na metodologia civil constitucional. Esclarece-se que tal recorte é analisado não apenas em conjugações interdisciplinares, mas também em sua relevância teórica e nas polêmicas trazidas pelo tema face a ordenamentos jurídicos e ao seio social. Como justificativa, afirma-se a necessidade de estabelecer novo padrão de conduta para análises acerca do direito à privacidade, no feixe da genética, para que fenômenos de preocupação científica, como discriminação genética, sejam enxergados de maneiras oxigenadas e humanizadas à luz do direito. O fenômeno se dá em diversas searas. Na esfera cível, que mais nos interessa, algumas empresas do ramo dos seguros começam a exigir a realização de exames genéticos ao contratante, tornando-se comum a rejeição de sua adesão quando tais testes apontam predisposição a doenças. Além disso, há relatos de pessoas impedidas de adotar crianças devido a tendências genéticas, e empregadores que não contratam indivíduos em razão de tal discriminação. Buscou-se promover um panorama acerca da privacidade genética, voltado a avaliar criticamente a discriminação genética. Especificamente, procurou-se: i) traçar histórico da genética – mormente no que se refere à sua ligação com o direito à privacidade; ii) analisar doutrina, nacional e estrangeira, acerca do tema; iii) averiguar a origem, o conceito, os motivos, o impacto e o nível de gravidade da discriminação genética nas diversas instâncias sociais – especialmente a visão coletiva da sociedade brasileira –, iv) propor soluções viáveis, visando conciliar interesses conflitantes, de modo a reforçar a proibição de mais essa forma odiosa de discriminação. Como resultado, chegou-se à conclusão de que a discriminação genética é uma forma de violação severa a diversos direitos da personalidade, devendo ser coibida de maneira incisiva pelos mecanismos do Poder Público e igualmente combatida nos setores privados da sociedade. / [en] The present work is a Master Thesis in Law about the prohibition of the genetic discrimination in the light of the Brazilian legal order, based on the civilconstitutional methodology. It must be clear that the chosen subject is to be analyzed not only in interdisciplinary conjugations but also in its relevance as a theory and the controversies brought by the theme face to legal orders and within society. As a justification of such choice, it is affirmed the need of establishing a new pattern of conduct for analysis about the right to privacy, in the genetics field, so that phenomena of growing worry, such as genetic discrimination, come to be regarded in oxygenized and humanized ways according to the law. The phenomenon occurs in various fields. On the civil sphere, which interests the most to the present work, some insurance companies are starting to demand the ongoing of genetic exams to the adherent, becoming common the rejection of his or her adhesion when such trials show a predisposition to illnesses. Other than that, there are already narratives of people whose demands of adoption were denied due to genetic tendencies, and even of employers who will not hire individuals because of such discrimination. This was a pursuit for promoting a panorama about genetic privacy, focused on critically evaluating genetic discrimination. Specifically, the goals were: i) to trace a historical background of genetics, especially in which ways it connects with the right to privacy; ii) to analyze national and foreign doctrine about the theme; iii) to investigate the origins, the concept, the reasons, the impact and the severity level of genetic discrimination in various social instances – mainly the collective vision of the Brazilian society about it; iv) to propose viable solutions, willing to conciliate shocking interests, in ways to reinforce the prohibition of this new odious form of discrimination. As a result, the conclusion acquired was that genetic discrimination is a form of severe violation to several personality rights, and it must be incisively prohibited by the Public Power s means, beyond equally fought in the private sectors of the society.